Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The influence of slope exposure and altitude on the height of trees in the stands of the Carpathian beech forest Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum in the lower montane zone in the Bieszczady National Park

100%

Wójcik W. , Romusiak R.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2023

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tom No. 122

160--168

EN

The influence of slope exposure and altitude on the height of trees in the stands of the Carpathian beech forest Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum in the lower montane zone in the Bieszczady National Park. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of slope exposure and elevation above sea level on the average height of trees in the stands of the Carpathian beech forest Dentario Glandulosae-Fagetum in the lower montane zone of the Bieszczady National Park. The research material consisted of measurements made as part of a grid of permanent research plots of the Bieszczady National Park with a size of 4 ares, arranged in a grid of squares with a spacing of 500 x 500 m. Using a two-factor analysis of variance, the average height of beech trees in two height zones (600-800 and 800-1000 m above sea level) and at two slope exposures (north and south) were compared. The influence of the interaction between the two factors was also studied. The height of beech stands was mainly determined by the altitude and the interaction between the exposure of the slope and the altitude. It was not found that the exposure of the slope significantly differentiated the average heights of beech trees in the lower montane zone in the Bieszczady National Park.

PL

Wpływ ekspozycji stoku i wysokości nad poziomem morza na wysokość drzew w drzewostanach buczyny karpackiej Dentario Glandulosae - Fagetum w reglu dolnym na terenie Bieszczadzkiego Parku Narodowego. Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu ekspozycji stoku oraz wysokości nad poziomem morza na średnie wysokości drzew w drzewostanach buczyny karpackiej Dentario Glandulosae - Fagetum w reglu dolnym na terenie Bieszczadzkiego Parku Narodowego. Materiał badawczy stanowiły pomiary wykonane w ramach siatki stałych powierzchni badawczych Bieszczadzkiego Parku Narodowego o wielkości 4 arów, rozmieszczonych w siatce kwadratów o więźbie 500 x 500 m. Za pomocą dwuczynnikowej analizy wariancji porównano średnią wysokość buków w dwóch strefach wysokości (600-800 i 800-1000 m n.p.m.) oraz przy dwóch ekspozycjach stoku (północnym i południowym). Zbadano również wpływ interakcji między tymi dwoma czynnikami. Wysokość drzewostanów bukowych była determinowana głównie przez wysokość n.p.m. oraz interakcje między eskpozycją stoku a wysokością nad poziomem morza. Nie stwierdzono by ekspozycja stoku istotnie różnicowała średnie wysokości buków w reglu dolnym w Bieszczadzkim Parku Narodowym.

2

Determination of fibre saturation point of selected tropical wood species using different methods

100%

Jankowska A. , Kozakiewicz P.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2016

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tom vol. 59, nr 197

89--97

EN

The main objective of this research was to determine the fibre saturation point of tropical wood. Two different methods were used to achieve this aim: the logarithm of strength properties versus moisture content and volumetric shrinkage-moisture content plot to zero shrinkage. The test included selected wood species from Africa: Opepe, Iroko, African padouk, and Wenge, and South America: American mahogony and Ipe. For comparison, selected domestic wood species of a similar structure – European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) – were also tested. Determination of the fibre saturation point of the selected wood species using two methods delivered similar results (the small differences were not significant). The results showed that, generally, the fibre saturation point of the tropical wood species was lower than in the case of the European wood species. The lowest values of the fibre saturation point were shown by the African padouk and Ipe (approx. 17 %). Moreover, it was found that in the case of the tropical wood, the basic density had a significant influence on the sorption properties of the tested wood species.

3

Effect of soil bulk density on forest tree seedlings

86%

Kormanek M. , Banach J. , Sowa P.

International Agrophysics

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2015

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tom 29

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nr 1

EN

The paper presents the results of an analysis of the influence of soil bulk density in a forest nursery plot on the growth and quality parameters of Scots pine and European beech seedlings. Particular density variants were obtained using a tractor device exerting controlled pressure on the soil, while field examinations were performed on an area of ‘Kłaj’ forest nursery in Niepołomice Forest District. Three series of plots were prepared for each species, applying a unit pressure of the values of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 kPa, corresponding to the dry bulk density in the range of 1.03-1.19 g cm-3, and control plots without the pressure. Seeds of the examined species were sown on the prepared plots, and after 6 months of growth the seedlings were subjected to biometric analysis determining differentiation in root neck diameter, length of the above-ground part and root system, as well as dry mass of particular parts of the plant. The quality of the seedlings was also determined using the method of Schmidt-Vogt. The results obtained show that the change in dry bulk densitysoil significantly affected most of the growth parameters of theexamined seedlings. Especially high negative correlations were obtained for the length and dry mass of the root system. A significant influence of dry bulk density variant on all growth parameters of Scots pine seedlings, and on some parameters of European beech was demonstrated. An increase in soil bulk density clearly caused also a deterioration of European beech seedlings quality.

4

Colourfulness of European beech wood with a round false heartwood in the color space CIE L*a*b*

86%

Dziurenda L. , Dudiak M.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2023

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tom 122

5

Respiratory activity of soils contaminated with diesel oil

86%

Bes A. , Warminski K.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Agricultural Engineering

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2017

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tom 20

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nr 4

6

Phenotypic plasticity of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stomatal features under water deficit assessed in provenance trial

86%

Stojnic S. , Orlovic S. , Trudic B. , Zivkovic U. , von Wuehlisch G. , Miljkovic D.

Dendrobiology

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2015

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tom 73

EN

The results of research into leaf stomatal variability of five European beech provenances originating from Austria, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Germany, Romania and Serbia are presented in this paper. Aim of the study was to investigate how stomatal traits of provenances originating from different environments change in response to drought stress and to assess the phenotypic plasticity of the stomatal features investigated. The study was conducted during two different years, characterized by contrasting weather conditions (2010 and 2011). Two-way ANOVA revealed that provenances differ significantly in terms of stomatal density (SD), width of stomatal aperture (Wb), potential conductance index (PCI) and relative stomatal pore surface (RSPS), during both seasons. In a dry year (2011) all provenances significantly increased stomatal density by between 16.1% (Hasbruch – DE) and 21.9% (Cer – SRB). Guard cell length (LA) was not statistically different among provenances in either year (2010 and 2011), even though LA decreased in the dry year (2011) in all provenances. Reaction norms were steep in most of the parameters suggesting the possibility of a plastic response of provenances toward changes in soil water regime, influenced by the prevailing weather each year. Phenotypic plasticity indices were the highest in regards of SD, PCI and RSPS, indicating that these traits would be good candidates for improvement in breeding programs aimed at selection of drought resistant.

7

Genetic quality and preservation of European beech gene resources in the Carpathian region of the Czech Republic

86%

Palatova E. , Mauer O.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Krakowie. Sesja Naukowa

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2000

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tom 69

8

High reproductive effort and low recruitment rates of European beech: Is there a limit for the superior competitor?

72%

Szwagrzyk J. , Gratzer G. , Stepniewska H. , Szewczyk J. , Veselinovic B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 2

EN

European beech is a superior competitor among the trees of Central Europe, often growing in pure stands. We proposed a hypothesis, that once beech has reached dominance in forest community, it's recruitment could become limited due to the gradual accumulation of pathogens attacking seeds and seedlings. We employed data on seed production and germination along with a field experiment to estimate the germination success of beech in two old-growth forests. Beech produced more seeds than the co-occurring coniferous trees, but less than 1% of beechnuts germinated in the next season. In the field experiment, the percentage of decayed beechnuts was 57% in the Carpathians and 61% in the Alps. Most of the dead germinants and decayed beechnuts were infested by fungi. The average number of fungal colonies per one sample in the Carpathians was significantly higher after mast year than one year before, while the differences between the Alps and Carpathians after mast years were statistically not significant. Fungi have been isolated from practically all dead beechnuts and dead germinants. The number of beechnuts per seed trap, the number of germinants around it and the relative number of fungal colonies obtained from plastic boxes placed in the same sample plot were not significantly correlated. The mortality of germinants continued throughout the spring; the number of life germinants in the middle of May amounted to 0.87% of the initial number of beechnuts in the Carpathians and only 0.28% in the Alps. High rates of beechnut and germinant mortality could probably offset the huge reproductive effort of European beech in old-growth stands and limit the possibility to attain absolute dominance by that species. However, our hypothesis that the build-up of fungal pathogens on the forest floor old-growth stands is able to stop the regeneration of beech still needs to be tested using larger data sets.

9

Altitudinal variability of the soil water content in natural and managed beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests

72%

Pichler V. , Durkovic J. , Capuliak J. , Pichlerova M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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tom Vol. 57, nr 2

313-319

EN

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) ranks as one of the most adaptive species among European indigenous trees. Variable interactions between the trees and soil water depend on both phenotypic plasticity of the species and natural conditions. They are controlled through stomatal regulation and the ability of beech trees to accelerate quickly their growth if available resources increase. However, the effect of forest density at various altitudes on the soil water content in beech stands has been studied rather scarcely. Therefore, we monitored soil moisture by means of Time Domain Reflectometry in series of natural and managed stands located on sites representing the lower altitude (200-550 m a.s.l.), middle altitude (550-1050 m a.s.l.) and higher altitude (1050-1300 m a.s.l.) zones of the natural beech belt in the Western Carpathians, Slovakia. Forest stand density, expressed in terms of basal area, i.e. the sum of cross section areas of the tree stems at 1.30 m height, was unchanged in natural stands, but it was reduced by 60% in the shelterwood stands. In the clear-cuts, all trees were removed. Total soil water content (SWC) under forest stands was calculated in mm as the product of soil moisture and soil depth, the latter acquired by electrical resistivity tomography. SWC differences between natural and shelterwood stands of the lower altitude, middle altitude and higher altitude zones averaged 18 mm, 36 mm and -3 mm, respectively. According to the Friedman test on ranks, followed by post-hoc multiple comparison testing, the difference was only significant within the middle altitude zone. In it, soil water consumption by the natural stand was limited only by the hormonally controlled seasonal regulation. The comparatively low water loss in the shelterwood stand resulted from a small rainfall interception by forest canopy and a decreased soil water uptake due to reduced basal area, leaf area index and simple age-size forest structure. In the lower altitude zone, the precipitation deficit and limited extractability of soil water were responsible for the absence of larger SWC differences. As opposed to that, low potential evapotranspiration prevented any noticeable SWC differences within the higher altitude zone.

10

Genetic insights into ecological succession from oak- (Quercus robur L.) to beech- (Fagus sylvatica L.) dominated forest stands

72%

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2017

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tom 59

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nr 1

EN

Genetic diversity is often considered a major determinant of long term population persistence and its potential to adapt to variable environmental conditions. The ability of populations to maintain their genetic diversity across generations seems to be a major prerequisite for their sustainability, which is particularly important for keystone forest tree species. However, little is known about genetic consequences of demographic alterations occurring during natural processes of ecological succession involving changes in the species composition. Using microsatellites, we investigated genetic diversity of adult and offspring generations in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak (Quercus robur L.) populations coexisting in a naturally established old-growth forest stand, showing some symptoms of ongoing ecological succession from oak- to beech- dominated forest. In general, adult generations of both species exhibited high levels of genetic diversity (0.657 for beech; 0.821 for oak), which, however, depended on the sets of selected genetic markers. Nevertheless, several symptoms such as differences in genetic diversity indices between generations, significant levels of inbreeding (up to 0.029) and low estimates of effective population size (48–80) confirmed the declining status of the oak population. On the other hand, the uniform distribution of genetic diversity indices across generations, low levels of inbreeding (0.004), low genetic differentiation among adults and offspring and, most importantly, large estimates of effective population size (119–716), all supported beech as a successive and successful tree species in the studied forest stand.

11

Effect of tree layer and microsite on the variability of natural regeneration in autochthonous beech forests

72%

Vacek Z. , Vacek S. , Podrazsky V. , Bilek L. , Stefancik I. , Moser W. K. , Bulusek D. , Kral J. , Remes J. , Kralicek I.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 2

EN

European beech is a superior competitor among the trees of Central Europe, often growing in pure stands. We proposed a hypothesis, that once beech has reached dominance in forest community, it's recruitment could become limited due to the gradual accumulation of pathogens attacking seeds and seedlings. We employed data on seed production and germination along with a field experiment to estimate the germination success of beech in two old-growth forests. Beech produced more seeds than the co-occurring coniferous trees, but less than 1% of beechnuts germinated in the next season. In the field experiment, the percentage of decayed beechnuts was 57% in the Carpathians and 61% in the Alps. Most of the dead germinants and decayed beechnuts were infested by fungi. The average number of fungal colonies per one sample in the Carpathians was significantly higher after mast year than one year before, while the differences between the Alps and Carpathians after mast years were statistically not significant. Fungi have been isolated from practically all dead beechnuts and dead germinants. The number of beechnuts per seed trap, the number of germinants around it and the relative number of fungal colonies obtained from plastic boxes placed in the same sample plot were not significantly correlated. The mortality of germinants continued throughout the spring; the number of life germinants in the middle of May amounted to 0.87% of the initial number of beechnuts in the Carpathians and only 0.28% in the Alps. High rates of beechnut and germinant mortality could probably offset the huge reproductive effort of European beech in old-growth stands and limit the possibility to attain absolute dominance by that species. However, our hypothesis that the build-up of fungal pathogens on the forest floor old-growth stands is able to stop the regeneration of beech still needs to be tested using larger data sets.

12

Formation of European beech stands (Fagus sylvatica L.) that involve Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in tree species composition in the Ukrainian Roztochie

72%

Myklush Y. , Myklush S. , Debryniuk I. , Hayda Y.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2022

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tom 64

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nr 2

13

Changes in horizontal structure of natural beech forests on an altitudinal gradient in the Sudetes

72%

Vacek Z. , Vacek S. , Bilek L. , Remes J. , Stefancik I.

Dendrobiology

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2015

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tom 73

EN

The article describes horizontal structure of the tree layer, natural regeneration, snags and crown projections of natural beech stands on three permanent research plots in the wide altitudinal range in the Krkonoše Mts (Czech Republic). The spatial structure was classified from 1980 to 2010 and subsequently the prediction of spontaneous development with an outlook for 30 years (to 2040) was done by growth simulator. Hopkins-Skellam index, Pielou-Mountford index, Clark-Evans index and Ripley’s K-function were calculated. Further, the vertical structure and total diversity index was evaluated. The horizontal structure of individuals in the tree layer had not changed significantly during the monitored years. Tree spatial pattern of the lowest altitude lying herb-rich beech forest was mostly regular to random, in acidophilous mountain beech forest predominantly random and in fragments of beech groups around the timberline aggregated. Juvenile growth on all investigated plots was distributed aggregated and snags randomly. The horizontal structure of crown projection centroids had always higher values toward the regularity than tree layer and was random to regular. The result of principal component analysis also confirmed that spatial pattern was dependent on the altitude, but also on the number of trees.

14

Critical air velocity as a separation feature in nuts of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

72%

Tylek P. , Walczak J.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Forestry

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2003

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tom 06

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nr 2

15

In vitro responses of various explants of Fagus sylvatica

72%

Hazubska-Przybyl T. , Chmielarz P. , Bojarczuk K.

Dendrobiology

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2015

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tom 73

EN

There are limited published data on in vitro reproduction of Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech). This study was aimed to determine the efficiency of induction of somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis of beech from different types of explants in various culture conditions. Explants derived from immature, fresh seeds (collected in 2011 and 2013) and from mature seeds, stored at –10ºC and some stratified at 3ºC, were placed on induction media with various combinations of plant growth regulators: zeatin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and/or benzyladenine (BA). Initial cultures were kept in darkness or weak light (white fluorescent or blue-red LED). Limited success has been achieved in initiation of somatic embryogenesis. We obtained friable, yellow-white callus with characteristic PEM-like structures (cPEM-ls, from embryonic axes or fragments of immature embryos with embryonic axes), which may be an early developmental stage of embryogenic callus of Fagus sylvatica. This type of callus regenerated from explants incubated in darkness, mainly on WPM medium with addition of 6.8 μM zeatin or WPM and MSG media with 9.1 μM 2,4-D and 2.2 μM BA. The highest frequency of regeneration of callus with cPEM-ls was 5%. Instead, we succeeded to induce organogenesis from both immature and mature zygotic embryos and from embryonic axes. The best results were obtained for mature zygotic embryos incubated on ½WPM medium (half-strength Woody Plant Medium) with 9.1 μM 2,4-D and 2.2 μM BA. Adventitious buds were regenerated on up to 15% of the explants. The induced buds developed into shoots, enabling us to establish tissue cultures of beech. Induction of organogenesis from the tested explants was more efficient than induction of somatic embryogenesis.

16

Tensile drying stress value in dependence of the shrinkage restraint method

72%

Majka J.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Wood Technology

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2005

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tom 08

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nr 3

17

Vitality of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) at the limit of its natural range in Poland

72%

Dobrowolska D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 2

EN

The European beech is a major component of central European forests, and the eastern limit of its range lies in Poland. However, the Holocene migration of the beech is not yet finished, especially in NE Poland, so the northern distribution of the beech continues to change. The main goal of this study was to determine if the beech will reach its northern limit in the future. The investigation was carried out in 18 beech stands in Poland. To study the status of the health of the trees, circular plots were established in grids of different sizes. The basal beech stand area ranged from 3.7 m² ha⁻¹ to 31.2 m² ha⁻¹. The density of trees exceeded a hundred trees per hectare in most of the plots (61%), and the average degree of defoliation was not greater than 60% in all of the investigated stands. Environmental conditions influenced defoliation of beech trees (Fisher's test, F = 4.0204; P <0.0001). The vitality of the beech trees varied between stands (Kruskal-Walis test, H = 139.7433, P <0.0001) and was rather good in 56% of the study plots. Seedlings and saplings were observed in all of the investigated stands, and they covered from 5 to 39% and 21 to 80% of the study plots, respectively. Spontaneous beech regeneration was widespread and differed from stand to stand as well as within stands in all of the study plots. The number of tall seedlings in most of the study plots (56%) was greater than 10,000 individuals per hectare. The factors limiting beech regeneration were stand density and herb cover, and the number of beech seed trees influenced the quantity of small seedlings. Beech tree density positively influenced the number of small seedlings, and the strength of the correlation was moderate and statistically significant (Pearson correlation, r = 0.349). Beech tree density influenced the vitality of tall and small saplings (Pearson's correlations, r = 0.673 and r = 0.361, respectively). The spontaneous regeneration and strong vitality of seedlings and saplings suggests that beech can create stable stands in the future and that it is an expansive tree species both within its continuous range and at the limit of its distribution. It is quite possible that beech will reach its north-eastern limit in Poland in the future.

18

Analysis of the surface roughness of native wood species depending on angular parameters of the cutting tool during milling in different conditions

72%

Stefanowski S. , Pinkowski G. , Szymanski W. , Krauss A.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2018

|

tom 103

19

Potential possibilities of the induction of European beech (Fagus sylvatica ) tissue cultures from various types of explants

72%