Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Intolerance towards national minorities and ethnic groups: the case of Romany

100%

Kwadrans L.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2004

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nr 24-25

181-193

EN

The Romany are most helpless and unwanted among European national minorities. It is possible to notice their increasing impoverishment. Communities in certain countries tend to isolate them. The Romany are also left without jobs, their health care conditions are getting worse and the education level among the children and young people is low. Two thirds of Gypsies in Europe live in the countries which are members of the European Union and they usually play a secondary role in the societies. This article presents psychological and sociological factors which distinguish the Romany among the majority of the society. This leads to high exposure to the acts of discrimination, intolerance and the lack of acceptance of the Gypsies leaders. Such cases happen in Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, and in other countries. The documentation of the European Roma Right Center concerning such discrimination acts towards the Romany is getting bigger. Many documents include numerous cases of hate speech, situations like the one in Usti on the Elbe and acts of violence towards the members of this community. These events increase the tempo of departures of the Romany to the countries of Western Europe and influence their ethnic mobilization. Such cases also create certain organizational structures which are able to represent the Romany interests.

2

RIGHTS OF PERSONS BELONGING TO THE NATIONAL MINORITIES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

100%

Smihula D.

Polish Yearbook of International Law

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2008

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tom 28

95-136

EN

Throughout its historic development, the stress put in international law on the protection of national minorities has been stronger or weaker depending upon the momentary interest of states. In (general) international law, the term 'national minority' has not yet been legally defined. Such a definition has been formulated only for Europe. This article explores these historical developments and attempts to explain the current differences in the definition in various tribunals and jurisdictions. In this context it also compares the systems of protection of national minorities at the international and European level.

3

Studies on Discrimination in Employee Remuneration

100%

Sekula Z.

Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi

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2006

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nr 1(46)

57-66

EN

The methods that can be used to analysis and evaluation of the existence of discrimination in the wages of workers are presented on the example of actual firm. The following methods are used in the study: the essential evaluation of the construction of constituent elements of the fee system, questionnaires and work valuation. The results of the investigation are used to work up the project of the fee scale charges and to show the range of discrimination of work.

4

Genderové nerovnosti v odměňování na stejné pracovní pozici: sociální vyloučení žen

80%

Krizkova A. , Penner A. , Petersen T.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2008

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tom 9

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nr 2

55-67

EN

Using company-level data from the Czech Republic dating from the years 1998, 2002, and 2004, the article examines whether the introduction of legislative measures aimed at gender equality in connection with the country's accession to the European Union had significant effects on gender wage gaps. The main conclusion of the analysis is that within-job wage discrimination is a significant factor in the Czech labour market and that there were no substantive changes during the period studied. Women doing the same job in the same company earn about 10 per cent less than men in the Czech Republic. Much of the gender wage gap can be explained by horizontal and vertical gender segregation of the labour market. The lowest gender wage gaps are found in firms and groups of employees that are representative of or have strong ties to the socialist past. The article concludes with speculations about whether motherhood and the double-burden of women, combined with the lack of respect and authority accorded the path dependent legal system, results in legislative changes having little impact on practices in Czech society and in persistence gender wage discrimination.

5

Discrimination practices in social assistance

80%

Trawkowska D.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2005

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tom 8

149-159

EN

The research described here was qualitative in approach and was conducted in 2004 and 2005. The main goal of it was identification of discriminatory practices in some social assistance institutions in Poland. Besides their scale and different forms it was pointed out to overt and covert functions which discriminatory practices have in the context of professionalization of social work. Prevalence of these practices cast doubts on adherence to rules of ethical standards in social assistance institutions and among social work professionals.

6

STEREOTYPES AND PREJUDICE TOWARDS WOMEN MANAGERS: AN EXPERIMENTAL ILLUSTRATION USING THE GOLDBERG-PARADIGM IN A ROMANIAN SAMPLE

80%

Curseu P. , Boros S.

Studia Psychologica

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2008

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tom 50

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nr 3

233-254

EN

An experimental study based on Goldberg's paradigm was carried out to investigate stereotypical attitudes towards the women managers in a mixed gender sample. 329 participants were asked to participate in a simulated personnel selection decision task. 166 participants had to choose between 2 resumes describing 2 men, while 163 participants had to choose between the same 2 resumes, but they were told that the first resume belonged to a woman. All participants were also asked to assess the managerial skills, orientation towards task and towards relations of both candidates. The results show a clear drop of preferences in the second experimental condition for the resume describing a woman compared with the preferences expressed by the participants in the first experimental condition for the same resume describing a man. Also, the participants in the second experimental condition rated the male applicant's managerial skills, task orientation and relationships orientation higher than the female applicant's. However, contrary to what was expected, women rates were equally as discriminative against woman applicant as men rates were. This result does not support the prediction of the implicit social cognition theory and is explained by the traditional values of Romanian culture, in which women are much more perceived as being engaged in the private sphere than the public one.

7

DISCRIMINATORY MIGRATION POLICY? AN ACCESS TO EDUCATION SYSTEM FOR MIGRANT CHILDREN IN POLAND

70%

Łukasiewicz K. , Grzymała-Moszczyńska J.

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2014

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tom 40

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nr 3(153)

375-390

EN

The article aims at analyzing Polish migration policy and in particular, an access to education system for children migrants in refugee centers and detention centers. In recent years, much has been written about Polish migration policy (e.g., Kicinger 2009; Górny, Grabowska-Lusińska, Lesińska, Okólski 2011; Kicinger Koryś 2011, Okólski 2012) as well as the education of migrant children in Poland. While the former approach has been developed in academia and framed in public policy analysis, the latter has been developed by NGOs, the Ministry of the Interior and Ombudsman Office, and from results of monitoring of refugee centers and detention centers. The two fields rarely meet - therefore, this article addresses this gap by embedding the analysis of educational access for migrant children in a broader context of migration policy, and argues that the existing policy actually results in direct and indirect discrimination of migrant children. Access to education is either strictly limited (in case of detention centers) or hindered (children in refugee centers). Lack of systematic approach to education for children migrants reflects in lack of training for teachers to teach Polish as a foreign language, lack of multicultural training, even if there are some specific tools such as multicultural assistants, they are rarely used because the need is not recognized by local administration. We recognize positive impact of different social actors to introduce changes in the system. The actors are nongovernmental organization assisting migrants and researchers and academics analyzing Polish migration policy. Nevertheless, we argue that the problems faced by migrant children within Polish education system can only be solved by introducing systematic approach to Polish migration policy.

8

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES ON GENDER INEQUALITY

70%

Habodaszova L.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2010

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tom 42

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nr 6

603-618

EN

The study analyzes attitudes on gender inequality within a family in Slovakia. Specifically, binomial and ordered probity estimation is used to identify demographical characteristics that influence the likelihood of selecting a specific answer to an attitudinal question. In addition, marginal effects on statistically significant variables are reported in order to demonstrate the impact of these variables. The results show that differences in opinions on gender related issues between men and women are present on majority of questions analyzed, supporting views of the presence of traditional role division within a family. In addition to gender, education is another strong predictor of attitudes on gender roles to some extent offsetting gender differences. The presence of traditional views on gender roles may represent an obstacle to the enforcement of anti-discrimination legislation.

9

PROBLÉM INTERPRETÁCIE UMELECKÉHO DIELA A MOŽNOSTI NAŠEJ SKÚSENOSTI

70%

Šedík M.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2014

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tom 69

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nr 8

666 – 677

EN

The paper examines different philosophical interpretations of a work of art as related to our experience and it´s ability. The first part gives an analysis of the process of interpretation with regard to different approaches to the problem of ontology of art. The paper also tries to answer the question of the limitations of interpretation and its place in our experiencing a work of art. Last, but not least, it is showed, how the interpretation could enhance the limits of our artistic experience.

10

Civil Rights for Some, Stereotyping for Others: Two Views on the Open Housing Movement of the 1960s

70%

Pula J. S.

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2015

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tom 41

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nr 4 (158)

121–132

EN

The modern Civil Rights Movement in the United States was successful in addressing long-standing inequities in political, economic, and other civil rights for African Americans and prompted similar changes for other minority groups. Yet, one of the unintended consequences of the interpretation of the civil rights legislation enacted by Congress was that the federal government began classifying people by race so as to determine whether they merited protection under the new laws. This article examines the process created by U. S. government agencies to determine whether the new civil rights laws had been violated, the way in which the legislation was interpreted in the judicial system, and the consequences for Americans of Eastern and Southern European heritage.

11

O RELACJI MIĘDZY SYSTEMOWYM A SPOŁECZNYM OBLICZEM KSENOFOBII W POLSCE

70%

Bulandra A. , Kościółek J.

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2014

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tom 40

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nr 4(154)

75-94

EN

This article concentrates on the socio-political situation of foreigners migrating to Poland and on the social climate related to their presence. In the latter subject special emphasis will be put on the attitude of Poles towards emigrants. We point to the relations which develop between institutionalized xenophobia, i.e. the creation of administrative barriers for mobility, and the distrust Poles present towards foreigners. The research problem is defined broadly as it encompasses a historical analysis of the perception of the notion of migration, the cultural meaning of migration, and legal issues pertaining to controlling international mobility. Based on numerous research projects, reports and case studies we recognize the mechanisms which inhibit the development of space for ethnic diversity in Poland and limit the contemporary society’s openness towards the settlement of foreigners.

12

NEKONEČNÝ PRÍBEH S OTVORENÝM KONCOM? VEK, ROZDIELNE ZAOBCHÁDZANIE A DISKRIMINÁCIA V JUDIKATÚRE SÚDNEHO DVORA EURÓPSKEJ ÚNIE

70%

Jánošíková M.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2012

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tom 95

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nr 2

151 – 163

EN

The author analyzes the basic lines of decision-making of the Court of Justice on prohibition of age discrimination. After explaining the origins of that prohibition in the Union law the author is aimed at those judgments of the Court of Justice which have been passed on the basis of preliminary ruling questions of the national courts and have clarified those provisions of Directive 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation which allow to the Member States retaining their specific legal norms of different treatment on grounds of age. The author comes to the conclusion that those notions in Directive 2000/78/EC have no the only possible interpretations and meanings given to them till now by the Court of Justice for the Member States have in their legal orders other provisions on different treatment on grounds of age which have not been properly interpreted by the current case of the Court of Justice yet.

13

CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION FOR ADULT IMMIGRANTS IN NETHERLANDS - INDICATOR OF INTEGRATION OR DISCRIMINATION? (Edukacja obywatelska doroslych imigrantow w Holandii - przejaw integracji czy dyskryminacji?)

70%

Bilon A.

Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses

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2011

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tom 12

133-147

EN

The citizenship education for adult immigrants and its sociopolitical context in the Netherlands come under consideration in the article. The authoress ponders over whether the current way of organizing citizenship education for adult immigrants is the indication of integration or discrimination. In the first part of the article, the authoress presents the sociopolitical context of this kind of education. The second part is devoted to the procedure of integration test as well as to some basic rules and assumptions of civic integration courses. The third part of the paper reflects on the possibility of unequivocal assessment of the existing Dutch integration policy and its relevant component - the citizenship education.

14

Rate coding: neurobiological network performing detection of the difference between mean spiking rates

70%

Pavlasek J. , Jenca J. , Harman R.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

|

2003

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tom 63

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nr 2

83-98

EN

We propose a network of model neurones that 'reads' the information encoded as a mean spiking rate by mechanisms relevant to the organism. The streams of independent irregular spiking activity with a Poisson distribution enters the network in parallel via two inputs. The network integrated both synaptic inputs and at the same time acts as a counter allowing their continuous comparison. Detection of the mean spiking rate difference is signalled by spikes emitted at the output. The exactness of the mean-rate discrimination was quantified by the probability of theoretically best comparison.

15

ŽÍT SE CTÍ ANEB ÚČAST VĚRY BĚHALOVÉ NA CÍRKEVNÍM PROCESU BÁRTA A SPOL. NA POČÁTKU 50. LET 20. STOLETÍ

70%

Rodan K.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

|

2018

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tom 22

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nr 1

132 – 154

EN

Religious discrimination lawsuits of the late 1940s and early 1950s are one of the darkest chapters of Czechoslovak history. In the largest of these (Bárta and Comp.), the late art historian Věra Běhalová (1922–2010) was sentenced to treason and spying at the beginning of November 1952, Věra Běhalová conscientious Catholic and female employee of the French Embassy, at the request of Charles University professor Růžena Vacková, was instructed to deliver a secret correspondence and send it by diplomatic post to the capitalist countries. The seven-year sentence was served by Věra Běhalová in full across a number of Czechoslovakian prisons, including in famous Želiezovce near Nitra in Slovakia. The desire to study forced Věra Běhalová, to immigrate in October 1969 to Austria where she studied at the University of Vienna and became famous in her field. Thanks to her unfortunate fate, she worked for the Czech diaspora abroad and helped Czech students and scientists altruisticly.

16

MULTIPLE DISCRIMINATIONS AGAINST AFGHAN GIRLS IN IRAN

60%

Tavakoli B.

|

2014

|

tom 40

|

nr 3(153)

321-338

EN

In the last 3 decades, many Afghan children immigrated to Iran with their parents, relatives, or even born there. The vulnerable position of afghan children in Iran caused them to be deprived of their basic rights such as right to Identity, right to education, and several others. These discriminations will be multiple if there is a gender gap in the society they live in. In this regard, afghan girls are one of the most discriminated communities in Iran. They get discriminated on the ground of their status as a migrant, as a child, and also as a girl. This study aims to find out how such multiple discriminations including racism, sexism, and adultism have an influence on afghan girls’ lives in Iran from their own perspective and also to observe how far these girls are aware of the discriminations in their surroundings. For this aim, various qualitative methods have been applied. The result demonstrated that the interviewees were almost aware of the discriminatory attitudes against them but it seems that racism is the most visible discrimination form from their perspective.

17

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONDITIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE NORTHERN IRELAND'S PEACE PROCESS (Spoleczne i kulturowe uwarunkowania i ograniczenia procesu pokojowego w Irlandii Pólnocnej)

60%

Szczecinska-Musielak E.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

|

2011

|

nr 39

123-144

EN

The conflict in Northern Ireland, sometimes called 'The Troubles' (by British government), sometimes called 'war' (by nationalists), has lasted since 1921. The article presents historical, structural and cultural background of Ulster's conflict. Two main communities - catholic and protestant - are divided because of lots of reasons: one of them is different interpretation of history ('imagined histories'). On the social level the dominant position of the protestant community was supported by a system of discrimination. Two conflicted communities are integrated around different sets of values, symbols, norms. Feeling of belonging and group membership is connected with different ethnic identities. The peace process started in 1998 (Good Friday Agreement). Since then lots of changes have been put into execution in order to end political, social and cultural discrimination of the minority catholic community. Changes (reforms) at governmental level, like establishing new Northern Ireland Assembly or Northern Ireland Police Service, are very important. But equally important are changes on cultural and symbolic levels because they create space to re-defining ethnic identities. A good example of this could be The Re-imaging Community Programme, an initiative launched in 2006 by the Arts Council of Northern Ireland. The idea of the programme is to change - in cooperation with local people and artists - sectarian and fighting murals into neutral and create more friendly public space.

18

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION FROM ASIA AND AFRICA – ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR EUROPE

51%

Liďák J.

Asian and African Studies

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2016

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tom 25

|

nr 2

231 – 248

EN

This study pays attention to the phenomenon of international migration of the population from Asia and Africa to Europe, or more precisely to the European Union and attempts to point out that this is a category that brings a large number of problems to the political systems of European countries. In the case of population movement we can speak not only about the negatives, as the topic is presented in the current socio-political discourse, but we can also talk about the positives and benefits for receiving and sending countries. Positives and negatives are fundamentally influencing the policy of liberal-democratic nation states and this phenomenon is the cause of radicalisation and diversification of the policy in the European area.

19

‘HOW DO YOU SAY “STOP THAT!” IN SLOVAKIAN?’: A8 IMMIGRATION AND SCOTLAND’S RACE AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY NARRATIVE

51%

Kailemia M.

Sociológia (Sociology)

|

2016

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tom 48

|

nr 3

247 – 266

EN

In 2004 8 Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia) joined the EU in an expansion popularly known as the Accession, or A8. As part of this arrangement the Slovakian Roma community settled in Govanhill, a neighbourhood in the South-Side of Glasgow, Scotland. Immediately, there was widespread outcry, followed by public debate, on the numbers involved and the impact on local services. One of the claims made was that, because of a ‘unique’ history of ‘self-isolation’, the Roma had altered local policing needs. There were widespread media anecdotes of anti-social behaviour but also racist victimization. Using material available post-A8 Govanhill, this synthesizes the debate on Roma settlement against the wider canvass of Scottish reception and assimilation of immigrants. The author claims that post-A8 phobia of the Roma is part of an unsustainable ideology of Scotland as a post-racial ‘welcoming country’ which has occluded a nuanced interrogation of the capacity of the country to welcome and successfully integrate immigrants.