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Content available remote Mapping mistakes: the cartographic confusion of ancient Kleitor
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The ancient Greek city of Kleitor lies in a small valley in north central Arkadia. Although only recently the target of systematic excavations, the first plan of its remains was published almost 200 years ago. While this earliest plan is essentially correct in the details, it is also a simple schematic representation with little topographical detail. When a revised plan of the site – comprising a much more skillful representation of the topography – was published in the late 19th century, it soon supplanted the original in the scholarship. Hidden behind its topographic accuracy and artistic flourishes, however, lies the fact that the mapping of the archaeological remains themselves was incorrect. Consequently, as this plan continued to be modified and reproduced throughout the following century, so too were its mistakes duplicated and exaggerated. Showing the cartographical evolution in the representation of ancient Kleitor and its reception by scholars, this paper demonstrates how scholars have constructed their interpretations of the remains around the unintentional predisposition to equate artistic quality with accuracy, and the consequences of this bias on the archaeological interpretations of the site.
EN
The author of the article describes the ways the Arcadicvision of the world as well as its contradiction i.e. the dystopia were constructed in J.B. Zimorowic’s New Rutheniam bucolics. Both of these are described within literature tradition and in their historical context as well. It is shown how Zimorowic, in his dialogue with Vergil, Ovid and Polish writers, creates the vision of Ruthenia as an Arcadic and also pleasant place (locus amoenus).He further creates a vision of locus horridus – the burnt Arcady. The Ruthenian Arcady contains the vision of happiness sand the golden age in Ruthenia, the Arcadic landscape and the interfusion of the realistic world with the world of myths. Ruthenian Arcady of Zimorowic is destroyed by the war (1648), epidemic and the loss of the loved ones (his wife and brother) − the themes of war, death and vanishing. New Ruthenian Bucolics contain contradictory visions, namely, the poetic Arcady of family and Lviv and the Arcady of loss. This dystopia becomes a poetic comment to bloody events of the century and the personal grief of the author. The text shows how the author exploits the locus amoenus theme and how he changes it into the theme of locus horridus.
EN
The article is a consideration of the functionalisation of rustic space in Listy o wsi [Letters on the Country] by Cyprian Godebski. The text, written in 1805, brings praise to the condition of the landed gentry, typical for Polish literature of the first decades of the nineteenth century. Ascribing a therapeutic function to nature does not, however, exhaust the question of the subject positioning themselves against the natural surroundings. Already at first reading, one can identify an imaginary aspect of space, constructed thanks to the reference to ancient tradition and landed gentry poetry. This is because the project of the ‘peaceful countryside’ drafted in Listy o wsi is founded not only on the conventionalised ways of literary portrayal. Tendencies solidified in the Enlightenment, among which the ideal of authenticity plays a special role, are just as important. The sincerity manifested by the narrator, apparent in (among other things) the declaration of distance towards the poetic idealisation of the countryside, appears to be a paradoxical phenomenon. This is especially true if juxtaposed with elements of the nobility’s Arcadia used by Godebski.
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Content available Klaudian i jego tajemnica
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The aim of this chapter is to present the mythological poem by Claudianus about Proserpine’s kidnapping and marriage. The poem still encourage the scholars to discussion about its aim and the state of its preservation. I will also focus my attention to the intratextual as well intertextual connections joining the poem with itself and the wide ancient tradition. I will propose two very hypothetical lines of interpretation concerning the De raptu Proserpinae.
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In the article selected works of Aleksander Groza, a representative of “the Ukrainian school” of Polish romanticism, have been thoroughly investigated. The author used interpretive methods of postcolonialism, comparative studies and intertextuality, and sometimes also from the field of ethnography and ethnology. The article is an introduction to the monograph that the author is currently working on. As a result of the analysis of the works, it was possible to distinguish three main images of the Ukraine, which are stereotypical for the Polish literature in genere: Arcadian Ukraine, Cossack Ukraine and frenetic Ukraine. By using the fragments of Groza’s texts, as well as intertextual references, the author characterized each of these images. After outlining the poet’s profile through a simple biography, which will be developed in the future, the author of the article conducted an analysis and interpretation of the following works by Groza: the volume Poezje, Ukrainian elegies: Soroka and Pierwsza pokuta Żeleźniaka, poem Mogiły, dramas Śmieciński and Hryć. Such a versatile choice of texts allowed to draw some interesting conclusions concerning Aleksander Groza’z profile.
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Content available remote Miasto w mieście - zakres pojęcia
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A paper examines the problem of scope of understanding of the name "City in a City". Starting with traditional approach as for American towns build under Urban development Act of 1970, authors are passing trough. Le Corbusier' s proposals, British urban villages, "islands on the city's sea" in Berlin, up to rather literary examples of the "city of cars" or "pedestrians", or "cyber city" living within real city. To present situation existing in Polish cities three examples of possible "City in a City" are provided: Nowe Miasto (i.e. New Town) in Krakow (under design) [pictures: no 1 - the overall aerial view from south, no 2 the aerial view of the phase one from north - west], proposed by TishmanSpeyer Properties, Arkadia - by ERE/BEG/CEFIC [picture no 3 - the overall aerial view from south - west] and Vote Tarasy (i.e. Golden Terraces) by ING Real Estate - both in Warsaw (under development) [picture no 4 - the overall aerial view of Vote Tarasy within Warsaw urban context; picture no 5 - the aerial view of Vote Tarasy from west).
EN
The article shows a baroque hortus ludi (the garden of entertainment) in the perspective of geopoetics. The subject of explorations are chosen works of seventeenth century’s poets in the base of which there was considered this studied phenomenon. There was demonstrated to what extent real places could inspire authors who were writing about noble or baronial patios and on the other hand, there was made a try of designation how the literary creation builds subjected places for a potential receiver (reader). As a result of analysis it was alleged that descriptions of baroque hortus ludi – creations of places processed in poet’s mind, characterised by aspect of being painterly, which can inspire not only landscape architects, but also painters and other artists.In the article there was also considered a genesis of baroque gardens of entertainment and distinctive features of park-garden assumptions, starting with medieval times to baroque. Hortus ludi present in poetry of seventeenth century was shown in new, geopoethical conceptualization.
PL
Artykuł ukazuje barokowy hortus ludi (ogród zabaw) w perspektywie geopoetyki. Przedmiotem eksploracji są wybrane utwory poetów XVII wieku, na podstawie których badane zjawisko zostało poddane refleksji. Wykazano, na ile rzeczywiste miejsca mogły inspirować autorów opisujących szlacheckie bądź magnackie wirydarze, a z drugiej strony podjęto próbę określenia, w jakim stopniu kreacja literacka buduje miejsca poddane deskrypcji u potencjalnego odbiorcy dzieła literackiego (czytelnika). W wyniku analizy stwierdzono, że opisy barokowych hortus ludi to kreacje miejsc przetworzone w umyśle poety, odznaczające się aspektem malarskości, który może inspirować nie tylko architektów krajobrazu, ale również malarzy i innych artystów.W artykule uwzględniono także genezę barokowych ogrodów zabaw i cechy charakterystyczne parkowo-ogrodowych założeń począwszy od średniowiecza po barok. Obecny w poezji XVII wieku hortus ludi ukazano w nowym, geopoetycznym ujęciu.
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