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Some Preliminary Remarks about the Use of the Expression “Gestalt” in the Scientific Debate

100%

Bonacchi S.

nr 4

11-20

The first part of this article traces the most important phases of the semantic enrich-ment and “terminologisation” (in the sense of the transformation of a lexical item from a generic word into a scientific term) of the German expression “Gestalt.” The word “Gestalt” (English translations are: “form,” “shape,” “configuration,” “aspect”) was already documented in the Middle Ages (Old High German: gistalt) in the meaning of “appearance, way of appearing.” From the end of the 18th century, the word was begin-ning to enlarge its meaning; it started to be used in specific domains (literature, philoso-phy, psychology) to designate an organic whole. In the first decades of the 20th century, it became a specialized term—a terminus technicus in the philosophical and psycholog-ical thought—as Gestalt psychology and Gestalt theory emerged as a new scientific and philosophical orientation. Its exact conceptual definition was heatedly discussed in the philosophical and psychological debates that raged in the first two decades of the 20th century after publishing the famous paper by Christian von Ehrenfels “On Gestalt Qual-ities” (1890) and it was developed in various psychological schools (the Berlin School, the Graz School) and philosophical orientations (phenomenology, Neo-Kantianism). In the concluding part of the paper, the author traces new developments in the Gestalt approach after the Second World War.

Zum Gegenstand der anthropozentrischen Kulturwissenschaft

100%

Bonacchi S.

2010

nr 2

69-80

The present paper aims at defining, on the background of the institutionalization of Cultural Studies at Polish and German Universities and the animated discussion about its status as a new autonomous scientific discipline, the specific object, the goals and the methods of Cultural Science („Kulturwissenschaft") from the point of view of F. Grucza's Anthropocentric Theory of Language. According to the assumptions of this theory „Culture", like „Language", has to be to considered in the scientific investigation primarily as a set of specific human properties founded through a particular competence (knowledge and ability) which enable the subject to realize cultural expressions (texts, works, symbols, rituals, styles, forms of behavior); these „realizations" are also the object of the Anthropocentric Theory of Culture, anyway always in relationship to the acting subject. Anthropocentric Theory of Culture aims at investigating its objects in a diachronic and synchronic way and attempts to gain anagnostic, diagnostic and prognostic explicative and descriptive knowledge.

Freundlich oder feindlich? Zur illokutionären Struktur und phonetischen Realisierung von indirekten supportiven und derogativen Sprechakten am Beispiel von Scheinbeleidigungen (mock impoliteness)

63%

Bonacchi S. , Andreeva B.

Lingwistyka Stosowana / Applied Linguistics / Angewandte Linguistik

2015

nr 15

1-19

The “Banter Principle” describes cases in which an offensive utterance (for example: DT: “Du Arsch!” or PL: “Ty draniu”) is not addressed by the speaker to the interlocutor with an offensive intention, but it is intended to be an expression of admiration which reinforces the relationship with the Addressee. In addition, use of such language reinforces social ties, i.e. identity and a sense of affiliation to the group. The appropriate reconstruction of the intended meaning (derogatory or supportive meaning, i.e. genuine or mock impoliteness) depends on the conversational setting, on the relation of the speakers, on the mental presuppositions of the interlocutors, and on the mutual acceptance of the communicative means. The use of banter utterances is quite unstable, since they can always switch from a face-enhancing to a face-threatening or aggressive act. The paper presents the results of a pilot studies on phonetic cues of banter utterances in German and Polish.