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nr 1(94)
145-168
EN
The aim of the present article is a presentation of Wilhelm Reich’s works as one of the most important intellectual foundations of postmodernity. Particularly the propagated by Reich sexual revolution constitutes the kernel of contemporary cultural changes in the West. An important point of reference for Reich were the revelations of Bronisław Malinowski on the sexual life of savages. These convinced Reich that there is no necessary conflict between the satisfaction of sensual desires and cultural life, as Sigmund Freud proclaimed. In order to overcome the dualism between nature and culture in the western culture Reich deconstructed the ecclesiastic image of Jesus Christ. Instead of a savior Reich suggested that one should see in Jesus a man who proclaimed reconciliation between the forces of nature and the social life. In this way Reich tried to convince that in place of ascetic moral values the ones that promote sexual liberty and individual satisfaction should be placed. I will try to demonstrate that the ideas of Reich constitute a fundamental intellectual source of the contemporary western culture.
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nr nr 21
43-67
EN
The aim of the present article is to reveal the essential connection of MichelFoucault’s critical attitude regarding social relationships with the formation of thepostmodern ethos of making out of the human life an artwork. It will be shown thatthe main object of Foucault’s critique are the relations of power and knowledge inthe Christian priesthood and their modern transformation in nonreligious institutions.From this point of view, mainly based on the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche,the Christian ethics occur to be an accumulation of techniques of disciplinizationand normalization. This attitude towards Christianity and modernity leads to thepostmodern ethos of making out of life an artwork. This notion is mainly based onthe antique Greek and Roman philosophy, where instead of obeying to universalethical principles the human being struggled to be his own master. Therefore thepostmodern existence tries to be beyond all traditional boundaries, which resultsin the danger of neglecting the historical fact, that Christianity was and still is animportant institution of the Western Civilization.
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tom 20
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nr 2(78)
139-153
EN
In the present article I will argue that the program of sustainable development, as promoted by the United Nations, demands a revision of the foregoing patterns of educational reflection. For this purpose I will present the posthuman thought as an alternative to the conception and plea for humanistic education, which hitherto has failed to realize the invested hopes. The key premise of posthumanism is the promotion of postanthropocentrism, which extends the horizons of consciousness and concerns regarding non-human beings. Towards the end of the article I will try to indicate that the biggest opponent of this thought is – paradoxically – the most extreme fraction of posthumanism, which is transhumanism. I will argue that instead of revising the humanistic fixations on effectiveness and efficiency, transhumanism seems to head towards an increase of human domination over nature, which fundamentally contradicts the key ideas of the sustainability program.
PL
W niniejszym artykule będę argumentował, iż ekologiczny program rozwoju zrównoważonego, promowany przez ONZ, wymaga rewizji dotychczasowych sposobów myślenia o edukacji. W tym celu zaprezentuję myśl posthumanistyczną jako istotną alternatywę wobec koncepcji i apeli o edukację humanistyczną, która dotychczas nie przyniosła pokładanych w niej nadziei. Kluczową przesłanką posthumanizmu jest promowany przez niego postantropocentryzm, który poszerza horyzonty świadomości i troski wobec bytów nie-ludzkich. Pod koniec artykułu postaram się także wskazać, iż największym oponentem tej myśli jest – paradoksalnie – najbardziej ekstremalny odłam posthumanizmu, czyli transhumanizm. Postaram się przekonać, iż zamiast rewidować humanistyczne fiksacje wokół efektywności i wydajności, transhumanizm wydaje się jedynie dążyć do potęgowania ludzkiej dominacji nad przyrodą, co w sposób fundamentalny kłóci się z kluczowymi ideami programu zrównoważonego rozwoju.
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2017
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tom 12
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nr 2
27-45
EN
The aim of the article is to advocate the conception of postmodernity as the actual expression of authentic and deep social changes. The main feature of these changes is the decentralization of culture. Postmodernity leads to the cultural condition in which metaphysical ideas lose their authority to order human life on the basis of universally binding norms and values. What in modernity could have been perceived as a violation of the basic principles of socialization, nowadays constitutes merely a “game” of signs and meanings. As a result, the principles of socialization and social relations also change their form: new ways of approaching both the individual and the collective have evolved. These structural changes of social relationships will be presented in the last part of the article with reference to Rainer Funk’s conceptualizations of the postmodern “I” and the postmodern “We”.
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