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EN
Passing of „Stabilization law" on June 8th 1967 was a reflection of growing interventionist trends in the economic policy of the FRG. Being an official programme of anticyclical regulation of the economy this law provided a basis for a new concept of economic policy, the concept of „comprehensive steering", which was to replace the concept of „socialmarket economy" devaluated by the economic crisis of 1966/1967. The article presents a background of the new economic policy, the most important features of the „stabilization law", and an attempt at assessment of feasibility of its application in conditions of the FRG’s economy.
EN
Polish listeners’ perception of different types of errors in non-native speech was studied with a focus on segmental and stress-placement errors. The stimuli consisted of the speech produced by Polish learners of Russian, Czech, and Spanish origins. The results which were obtained suggest that segmental errors (i.e., errors related to the pronunciation of segments) influence the foreignaccentedness perceived by Polish listeners significantly more than stress-placement errors. That is probably due to stress-deafness experienced by native speakers of Polish. While stress-placement errors resulted in relatively low scores in terms of foreignaccentedness, the ratings for segmental errors depended on the L1 group of the speakers. Segmental errors produced by speakers of Spanish were rated as the most foreign-sounding, followed by Czech and Russian. One possible explanation is that it was caused by the sound systems of Russian, Czech, and Polish being pretty similar, while the Spanish sound system is somewhat different.
6
Content available Sektor państwowy we Włoszech
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EN
The article contains a synthetic presentation of the state sector genesis in Italy. The quoted data concerning investments commissioned by this sector, its share in employment, and industrial output as well as the analysis of the economic performance of two biggest state holdings: the IRI and the ENI — point at the loading role of the state sector in the Italian economy after the 2nd World War. The assessment of the present situation leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to further increase the economic functions of the state—owned sector in future.
EN
It is obvious today that the State should control the economic situation, and investment activity represents one of the elements of this intervention. Against the background of main trends shaping the economic situation of the FRG, the author analyzes the growth and structure of public investments till 1967, i. e. till the time of passing the „stabilization-growth act". This act, providing for increased role of the state in regulation of the economic situation in the FRG, was a turning point in the econotmic policy of this country. On the basis of problems moved in the article, the author made an attempt at evaluation of effectiveness of the public investment activity in the sphere of economic growth stabilization in the FRG pointing at unsatisfactory effectiveness characterizing the anticyclical function of the public investment activity.
EN
This article constitutes a detailed case study on the evolution on the personnel function in Zywiec Group that followed from the restructuring of the member breweries of the capital group. It covers the process of integration of the Group and changes to the human resources management system. It also contains theoretical reflections upon the role of HR specialists in the process of the integration of the companies. The organization of the personnel function has been presented here against a period spanning 3 years of GO activity (wider range of HR responsibility, increase in the number of specialists employed in HR, lower age, higher level of education).
EN
The paper presents the possibilities of energy management of residues from the production of ‘Regent’ grapevines. Field tests were conducted under conditions of temperate climate in 2022 on six types of rootstocks viz: 101-14, 125 AA, 161-49, 5 BB, SO4, SORI, the control were ungrafted vines growing on their own roots. The study analysed the following crop parameters, i.e. number and mass of grapes, number and mass of berries; quality parameters of woody shoots. Technical and elemental analysis was performed, and the heat of combustion and calorific value were determined to define fuel quality parameters. In addition, emission factors of CO, CO2, SO2, NOx and ash were estimated to demonstrate the degree of impact of potential bio-residue from the combustion process. An assessment was made on the basis of stoichiometric equations of flue gas composition, as well as theoretical oxygen demand and total fuel gas volume. The study showed that cultivation on 125 AA rootstock is characterised by obtaining significantly the highest yield, shoot mass and bio-residues suitability for energy purposes. The research showed that the most effective in practical cultivation is the use of SORI and SO4 rootstocks in cultivation, which are characterised by average parameters of obtained yield, growth value and fuel.
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