This article presents the beginnings of vocational counselling for school-attending adolescents in Poland. Vocational counselling developed in Poland in the Interwar period as a sub-discipline of applied psychology. The Jewish minority largely contributed to the development of this movement with Lvov at centre of it. Jews established a vocational counselling and psycho-technical institutes, putting the emphasis on school-attending adolescents and apprentices in craft companies, as well as developing new tools for psycho-technical measurements. Zionism was one of the reasons for the development of Jewish vocational counselling for young people. Zionists believed that young Jews should acquire a profession that would allow Jewish settlement in Palestine. This article also presents Zofia Lipszyc, Adolf Berman, Lea Fejgin-Gartensteyg, Jakub Kessler and Józef Weinbaum, unknown Jewish psychologists and psychotechcians.
The present text is a report from the seminar discussion. The author presented here the main themes of discussion and he made an attempt to sum up that meeting of educators in Częstochowa University.
PL
Niniejszy tekst jest sprawozdaniem z dyskusji naukowych towarzyszących seminarium. Autor przedstawił najważniejsze wątki dyskusyjne oraz podjął próbę podsumowania spotkania pedagogów w częstochowskiej akademii.
The subject-matter of the research presented in this article is the preparation of Polish preschool and early-school education for work with refugee children that have fallen victim to the war in Ukraine. The research is a review one, and the analysis of Polish and foreign literature relevant to the matters referred to in the title of the article is included in it. As the result of the conducted archive and library searches, it was ascertained that, hitherto, rather little research into this problem has been conducted in Poland (the reason for which fact is the absence of previous experiences with a minor being a war refugee), and also rich relevant experiences in the countries of the West, confirmed by the extensive literature of the subject. This article indicates the principal directions of research and activities – the problem of war trauma as experienced by a child, supporting the families of refugee children, and providing an ECEC teacher with competences required for the purpose of work with a child refugee afflicted by war. This article constitutes a sui generis prolegomena of research the objective of which is to prepare Polish ECEC teachers for facing the challenges connected with war in Ukraine and the presence of an Ukrainian child refugee in the Polish institutions of education.
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