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Sparta and Persia between the Second and the Third Treaty in 412/411 BCE: A Chronology

100%

Nývlt P.

Eirene. Studia Graeca et Latina

2014

tom 50

nr 1-2

39-60

The aim of this article is to reconstruct the most plausible chronology of the events of the Ionian War between the second and the third treaty between Sparta and Persia, concentrating on the Spartan and Persian sides of the war. It is claimed that the eighth book of Thucydides, if interpreted correctly, presents us with plausible and sufficient temporal indications and that we do not need to postulate long stretches of inactivity not mentioned or hinted at by the historian.

Modo in Quadragesimale Admontense

100%

Nývlt P.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

2014

tom 137

nr 3-4

275-292

This article aims at better understanding a unique phenomenon in Medieval Latin: the use of modo in the collection of Latin sermons known as Quadragesimale Admontense. Far from being an adverb as in Classical Latin, modo has become to be used predominantly as a discursive particle and a conjunction in Quadragesimale Admontense; several times it even plays a role of a pronoun. Possibilities of finer categorisation are outlined. It is suggested that the probable reason for this idiosyncrasy is that the scribe used modo thoughtlessly to translate Old Czech an.

Ze Slovníku středověké latiny: muscida huba

100%

Nývlt P.

tom 139

nr 3-4

431-437

The article deals with the pair muscida huba, found in several 14th- and 15th-century Latin-Czech glossaries. Its interpretation is not immediately clear, because there were two homonymous words húba in the Old Czech, the one meaning “muzzle”, the other “fungus”. Jan Gebauer, the author of the authoritative Old Czech dictionary, ascribed to the word huba paired with muscida the meaning “fungus”. On the basis of parallels from the translation of Ptolemyís Almagest written by Gerhard of Cremona in the 12th century and a Latin-Norman glossary from the 13th century, the author argues that the word actually meant “muzzle”. He also discusses the etymology of the Latin word and the route by which it found its way in Latin-Czech glossaries.

ΑΡΕΤΗ of a Revolutionary

100%

Nývlt P.

Eirene. Studia Graeca et Latina

2013

tom 49

nr 1-2

33-47

This article attempts to prove that the most important shade of meaning of αρετή in THUC. VIII,68,1 is “a willingness to face the consequences of one’s efforts in the face of mortal danger”. Further, arguments are presented for holding on to the traditional picture of Antiphon as an éminence grise who coordinated oligar- chic clubs to prepare a bloody putsch in Athens in 411 BC. When the oligarchy collapsed, he was brought to trial, where he probably did not seek to justify his involvement in the coup, but tried to deny it outright. This strategy, which, it is argued, does not contradict the definition of αρετή suggested above, proved unsuccessful, despite Antiphon’s masterly rhetoric.

The First Embassy of the Four Hundred to Sparta

100%

Nývlt P.

tom 51

nr 1-2

189-196

The aim of this article is to revive the opinion that the Four Hundred sent only two embassies to Sparta. The author suggests that the ﬁrst embassy is mentioned in THUC. VIII,71,3, 86,9 and 90,1, that it was sent to Sparta in early July 411, but its members were arrested in Argos while on their way from Sparta to Athens. This chronology corresponds with the contemporary events on Samos.