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Teurgický element slova v estetickém systému Andreje Bělého

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Vorel J.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2013

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nr 4

EN

According to aesthetic theories of Russian symbolist A. Belyj every real art is in its deepest essence a symbolic one, it represents an organic connection of two orders – phenomena of the inner world and the living consciousness. The connection is thus the union of the inner and outer world. Its sense can be unveiled in metaphysics and mystic, the indexes of the way to a complex re-structuring of the human being and discovering new forms of existence. Consequently Belyj understands the symbol as the interaction of its three parts: 1) as a picture of the visible reality, causing certain emotions in our consciousness, 2) as an allegory expressing the ideological meaning of the picture (the philosophical, religious and social meaning) and 3) as an appeal to the creation of the real life. Together with Wagner and Nietzsche, Belyj can see the essential ideals of the culture in antique mystery dramatic art that represented the primary interconnection of all the art forms. Heading to the complex renaissance of the culture he concentrates on the phenomenon of the word – the essential base, „key for unlocking the world”. The essence of the symbolic expression consists of the words, through those the creative human strives to express his inexpressible impressions in a logical way. The living speech is thus always certain „music of inexpressible”. The creative word constitutes new, „third world” – „the world of the sound symbols”. The relationships between the sounds and evolution of the Cosmos is formulated in another essay „Глоссолалия– поэма о звуке” (1922).

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Šalda’s Struggle for Synthesis in Modern Art in the Context of Slavonic Literary Criticis

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Vorel J.

Bohemistyka

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2023

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tom 23

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nr 3

445-464

EN

The study is focused on a significant feature of critical and art work of František Xaver Šalda, which was the idea of unity and integration, the idea of cultural organism, formed by ripening of the European spirit, understanding the art as an aesthetic incarnation of spirituality, the idea of creative efforts of life as the basic orientation of art and the idea of freedom of the art individuality, understood in the integral sense of the word and embodying a higher form of life. It was Šalda who opened the way to relating of art and life, the way to deeper understanding of art creation and its final settling into a broader meaning complex. According to Šalda, the creative life became a basic criterion for searching of sense of art work. The meaning of art and art criticism lies in their possibilities to bring life to self-awareness, self-understanding. According to Šalda the art is seen as a concentrated, multiplied, and increased demonstration of life, through its means we can finally learn about its motion and creative direction.

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Psychoanalytický přístup v esteticko--filozofických koncepcích ruského a českého symbolizmu

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Vorel J.

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nr 1

49-60

EN

Aesthetic-philosophical concepts of “young generation symbolists” were based on the conviction that art was made to understand the “secret spiritual value” of phenomenal world and understand the immediate anchoring of human in the Absolute which is the source of spiritual energy. In this frame the symbolists touched connection of principals that formed western and eastern civilization in a harmonic complex. We can speak about new reconciliation of intuition of spiritual cosmos, deep understanding for illusive essence of things with clear and powerful activity, reconciliation of science and religion, freedom and law, sacredness and beauty which is the only aim of all arts and sciences. O. Březina and A. Belyj were considering that point the most intensively of all. They both strove for overcoming of the two extreme demonstrations of human psychical life that isolate people from real complex consciousness. They defined both the extremes as: 1) the extreme of inner (“brain”, rational) life of an individual 2) life of subconscious physicality. To sum up, the art creation should head for creative connection of rationalism and contemplation in a harmonic complex which forms higher entity symbolizing perfect complexity and fullness. As the followers of modern psychology, also the “young symbolist generation” considered the problems of human consciousness. As a rule the art must originate from the same depths where the understanding of secret of all things is realized. Therefore, equally to S. Freud and C. G. Jung, they were convinced about the existence of collective psychological crucial base, collective source, human spiritual being which leads to understanding of life as a complex and spiritual powers hidden there; these powers are needed for transformation and renewal of human and humankind as whole that remains unchanged and independent on the time and space; we can find discover and understand there “secret beginning of life” itself.

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Umění a religiozita v esteticko-filozofickém systému Dmitrije Sergejeviče Merežkovského

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Vorel J.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2015

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nr 8

EN

The study is aimed on traces of religiosity in aesthetic-philosophical system of a Russian symbolistic poet, prosaic writer and thinker D.S. Merezhkovsky. The study analyses selected Merezhkovsky’s works with focus on aesthetics, his essays, historiosophic prose and philosophic religious treatises. For Russian spiritual and art culture, importance of Merezhovsky is obvious, especially in connection with his effort to overcome crisis processes in religious, philosophical and art sphere, realized by means of synthesis and transcendence in modern culture.

CS

The study is aimed on traces of religiosity in aesthetic-philosophical system of a Russian symbolistic poet, prosaic writer and thinker D.S. Merezhkovsky. The study analyses selected Merezhkovsky’s works with focus on aesthetics, his essays, historiosophic prose and philosophic religious treatises. For Russian spiritual and art culture, importance of Merezhovsky is obvious, especially in connection with his effort to overcome crisis processes in religious, philosophical and art sphere, realized by means of synthesis and transcendence in modern culture.