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EN
The Blue Chaffinch is a passerine endemic to the Canary Islands and comprises two subspecies, one found on Tenerife (Fringilla teydea teydea) and the other on Gran Canaria (F. t. polatzeki). Even though the status of the Gran Canaria subspecies is endangered due to habitat loss and fragmentation, knowledge of its life history is anecdotal. We studied its breeding ecology during the years 1991-2004. New data are presented on breeding phenology, number of broods per year, egg biometrics, nest-site characteristics, breeding site fidelity and breeding success. In general, the breeding biology of the two subspecies were similar, with discrepancies in some previously reported traits, such as egg laying interval and frequency of second clutches. The Blue Chaffinch breeds earlier on Gran Canaria than on Tenerife: nests were begun mainly in the second fortnight of May. We did not find any relationship between the onset of egg laying and rainfall in March. However, the onset of the breeding period was negatively correlated with mean April temperature. The Blue Chaffinch showed preferences for a south-easterly nest orientation and for nest placement at the end of branches, where the nest is hidden by pine needles. Nests were located at various heights, from 5.5 to 23.8 m above the ground. 33% of females produced two broods a year. We found no differences in nest site characteristics between successful and unsuccessful nests, which suggests that other factors may be affecting the vulnerability of nests. The main cause of nesting failure (73.9%) was predation, due mostly to the Great Spotted Woodpecker.
PL
Zięba kanaryjska jest endemitem Wysp Kanaryjskich, tworzącym dwa podgatunki — na Teneryfie (Fringilla teydea teydea) i Gran Canaria (F. t. polatzeki). Biologię lęgową tego ostatniego badano w okresie od 1991 do 2004. Stwierdzono, że przystępuje on do lęgów wcześniej niż podgatuunek zasiedlający Teneryfę (głównie w drugiej połowie maja, Fig. 1, Fig. 2). Nie stwierdzono związku między czasem rozpoczęcia lęgów i opadami w marcu, natomiast początek sezonu lęgowego był negatywnie skorelowany ze średnią temperaturą kwietnia (Fig. 3). Około 33% samic odbywało dwa lęgi w sezonie, zaś główną przyczyną strat lęgów (niemal 74%) było drapieżnictwo, przede wszystkim ze strony dzięcioła dużego.
EN
In this paper, we describe a system able to recognize the V.L.P. (Vehicle License Plate) of a car from an image of it. Our system uses various image processing techniques, such as mathematical morphology and O.C.R. theory. Results are good. This system has many practical applications, such as: parking accounting, traffic monitoring, stolen car detection and security systems of many kinds.
PL
Artykuł opisuje technologię zwiększającą efektywność spalania przy jednoczesnej redukcji emisji zanieczyszczeń. Została ona opracowana, opatentowana i wdrożona w przemyśle przez hiszpańską firmę INERCO S.A.
EN
The article describes a technology which increases the combustion efficiency while reducing levels of pollutants emissions. The technology was developed, patented, and implemented for industrial use by INERCO S.A., a Spanish company.
EN
The present work analyzes the involvement of telencephalon of goldfish in spatial strategies, using a procedure analogue to the hole-board task. With this aim, goldfish with sham operation or telencephalon ablation were trained to find a baited feeder within a twenty-five feeder matrix, which maintained stable spatial relationships relative to five peripheral landmarks. After training, different types of probe tests were conducted. Although both groups learned the task, probe trials showed that whereas the sham animals used the whole configuration of cues to implement map-like strategies the telencephalic animals used a guidance strategy based on cues located in the vicinity of the baited feeder. These results confirm the role of teleost fish telencephalon in the use of allocentric strategies obtained with other spatial procedures, and indicate that the hole-board task described here for goldfish is a useful tool to assess the neural bases of spatial cognition in teleost fish.
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