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EN
In CNS, transient global or severe focal ischemia leads to devastating irreversible cellular losses and functional impairments of the nervous tissue. Stem/progenitor cells have been considered the salvage therapy. However, besides decision on the cells source, stage of their development and proliferation, the limited survival of any implanted exogenous cells in the host tissue is one of the major obstacles for effective neurotransplantation. In preclinical animal experiment this problem gets even more complicated by necessity to use xenogeneic systems for initial testing of any human transplants and persistant lack of adequately humanized animal models. Other still unresolved questions which must be addressed are the routes, dosage and timing of cells delivery. Thus, the final answer must be at first approximated experimentally in animal models, then finally proved by case reports followed by clinical trials performed according to EBM rules. Here I will review the preclinical data gathered in our laboratory which led us toward the first, MRI monitored, clinical experiment on autologous, cord blood -derived progenitors transplantation. The neurally committed cells, prelabelled by the high signal of iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) were infused into the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle of 16 month old child with severe global cerebral ischemic injury. The dynamics of cell engraftment was visualized in time by MR imaging. Gradually decreased signal was noted over 4 month without any adverse side-effects. The child was followed up for next 6 month and his neurological status slightly but significantly improved. This is the first case study based on neurally –induced stem cells from the patient’s frozen cord blood and considered feasible, well tolerated and safe procedure which could be monitored by MRI after intraventricular cell transplantation.
EN
Oligodendrocytes, the cells responsible for myelin formation and maintenance in CNS, are depleted in many acute and chronic conditions. The stem/progenitor cells stimulation or transplantation might be seriously considered as a long hopedfor therapeutic perspective. Better understanding of the mechanism(s) regulating the activation of the cell lineage from the endogenous progenitor reservoir might be helpful. Therefore an efficient source of donor cells for transplantation in humans is being craved for. In this study we show that the application of extracellular matrix component-laminin promotes oligogliogenesis from neural stem-like cells of human cord blood cells (HUCB-NSC). Although oligodendrocytes constitute a minor subpopulation of spontaneously differentiated HUCB-NSC, the manipulation of active compounds regulating the process of cell commitment results in a several fold increase in their number. Thus cells of the HUCB-NSC line could be considered as a potential source of glial cells, fulfilling the suitable candidate criteria for oligodendrocyte replacement therapy.
EN
Potentially therapeutic neural stem cell line from human cord blood (HUCB-NSC) has been established in our laboratory. Reaching appropriate target by transplanted cells is a prerequisite for success of cell therapy for stroke. The question arises what is the migration potential of HUCB-NSC towards infarcted brain tissue. The migration of HUCB-NSC towards rat tissue homogenates from healthy brain (THHB) and ouabain-induced focal brain injury (THIB) obtained 6 h, 48 h and 7 days after insult was studied in vitro using transwells. Additionally the migratory activities of HUCB-NSC was checked in the presence of migration inducing proteins IGF-1 (200 ng/ml) and SDF-1 (10 ng/ml) dissolved in culture medium. Immunocytochemical analysis of migration-related receptors (CXCR-4, IGF-1R) on HUCB-NSC was performed. Results: Immunohistochemistry of HUCB-NSC unveiled expression of CXCR-4, IGF-1R. HUCB-NSC revealed robust migration toward THIB in comparison to THHB, which was most pronounced in the presence of 48 h postinfarct brain tissue (900 vs. 300 cells/well, P<0.05). The presence of IGF-1 and SDF-1 in medium increased signifi cantly HUCB-NSC migration but the effect was much weaker in comparison to injured brain tissue. The ability of robust in vitro migration of HUCB-NSC towards infarcted rat brain tissue has been confi rmed. Neither IGF-1 nor SDF-1 seems to play a pivotal role in this lesion-induced migration of HUCB-NSC. Supported by MSHE grant: N N401 332636.
EN
Umbilical cord blood is considered as a promising source of stem cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into different cell types, including neural. Differentiation processes are governed by microenvironmental cues and by unique molecular mechanisms, where epigenetic changes of the chromatin play an important role. Emerging evidence suggests, that changes in expression of so called “stemness” gene, like Oct3/4, are associated with the specific epigenetic modifications of gene promoter. Methylation status of Oct3/4 and Nanog promoters correlates strongly with their ability to be expressed. The promoters are unmethylated in pluripotent stem cells, where those genes are expressed, and almost fully methylated in differentiated cells, where Oct3/4 and Nanog are silenced. The aim of the study was to analyze the DE (Distal Enhancer) promoter region’s methylation pattern in Oct3/4 gene in HUCB-NSC (Human Umbilical Cord Blood - Neural Stem Cells) line comparing to hESC (Human Embryonic Stem Cells) and also changes caused by neural differentiation of HUCB-NSC. Materials and Methods. HUCB-NSC were cultured in serum free, low serum (2% FBS) and in differentiating medium containing dBcAMP (300 µM) in the density of 5x104 cells per cm2 in standard conditions. After 14 DIV DNA from harvested cells was isolated. Methylation status of gene DE promoter region was analyzed by sodium bisulfite reaction. To analyze sequence of obtained PCR fragment subcloning into pGEM-T easy vector and sequencing was performed (at least 10 individual clones). DNA of hESC was received from Prof. Dvorak laboratory in Brno. Results. Methylation pattern of Oct3/4 DE promoter region was changing along differentiation process. HUCBNSC after neural differentiation revealed higher methylation status in promoter region than in undifferentiated cells. Those changes correlate with the expression of Oct3/4 gene. Supported by grant no 0141/P01/2008/35.
EN
Many types of neural progenitors from various sources have been evaluated for therapy of CNS disorders. Prerequisite for success in cell therapy is the ability for transplanted cells to reach appropriate target such as stroke lesion. We have established neural stem cell line from human umbilical cord blood neural stem (HUCB-NSC). In the present study we evaluated migratory capabilities of cells (HUCB-NSC) and the presence of various migration-related receptors. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed abundant expression of CXCR4, PDGFRa, PDGFRp, c-Met, VEGFR, IGF-1R and PSA-NCAM receptors in non-adherent population of HUCB-NSC cultured in serum free (SF) conditions (SF cells). Biological activity of selected receptors was confirmed by HUCB-NSC in vitro migration towards SDF-1 and IGF-1 ligands. Additionally, rat brain-derived homogenates have been assessed for their chemoattractive activity of HUCB-NSC. Our experiments unveiled that brain tissue was more attracted for HUCB-NSC than single ligands with higher potency of injured than intact brain. Moreover, adherent HUCB-NSC cultured in low serum (LS) conditions (LS cells) were employed to investigate an impact of different extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins on cell motility. It turned out that laminin provided most permissive microenvironment for cell migration, followed by fibronectin and gelatin. Unexpected nuclear localization of CXCR4 in SF cells prompted us to characterize intracellular pattern of this expression in relation to developmental stage of cells cultured in different conditions. Continuous culture of LS cells revealed cytoplasmatic pattern of CXCR4 expression while HUCB-NSC cultured in high serum conditions (HS cells) resulted in gradual translocation of CXCR4 from nucleus to cytoplasm and then to arising processes. Terminal differentiation of HUCB-NSC was followed by CXCR4 expression decline.
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