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nr 3
83-96
EN
The European Union has been supporting the development of infrastructure in rural areas by structural funds for several years to eradicate the significant differences in quality and availability of the infrastructure, existing throughout the member states. The means from structural funds have been mainly used for the development of new roads, railways, telecommunication infrastructure as well as the power distribution grid. The improved infrastructure enabled the setting up of small businesses and resulted in the creation of new jobs. Considering experience acquired by the EU countries the development of infrastructure in rural areas of Poland seems to be advisable.
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nr 2
87-100
EN
Development of rural areas in Poland is hampered by several barriers of economic, technical and social nature. This situation can be improved by adopting the policy of multifunctional development of rural areas. However, the implementation of such a policy requires financial means that cannot be provided from the state budget. Alternative sources of financing include pre-accession programmes of the European Union (PHARE, ISPA, SAPARD). The possibility of financing multifunctional development of rural areas in Poland from EU programme SAPARD was discussed in the paper.
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nr 4(137)
73-91
EN
One of the main premises of the preparation of the latest structural policy reform was the need to strengthen the economic and social cohesion of the European Union and to increase the competitiveness of its economy. In the result of admission of new members into the EU in 2004 and 2007 the disproportions in the level of the development of the Union's regions became greater. This made it necessary to increase outlays from the structural funds and from the Cohesion Fund on the financing of structural policy. Also, three new tasks of this policy were adopted: 1 - Convergence, 2 - Regional competitiveness and employment, and 3 - European territorial co-operation. In 2007-2013 the largest amounts from the EU budget will be allocated to the first of these tasks, that is Convergence. Poland will be the main beneficiary of assistance awarded from the structural funds and the Cohesion Fund. Judging by the experience of Ireland and Spain the use of this assistance in Poland and in other EU countries in 2007-2013 should contribute to the reduction of disproportions in the level of development between the group of new member-countries and the old 15 EU member-states.
EN
In 2007-2013 Poland will be the main beneficiary of structural assistance from the EU's general budget. The main sources of the financing of this assistance will be the structural funds (the European Regional Development Fund and the European Social Fund) and the Cohesion Fund. Assistance means awarded to Poland will be used to finance the implementation of five national operational programmes, 16 regional operational programmes and European Territorial Co-operation Programmes. It is expected - basing on the experience of other EU member-states, especially Ireland, that the use of EU assistance in Poland will exert an influence on the improvement of basic macroeconomic indicators such as investments, employment, unemployment, productivity, foreign trade, etc. A synthetic expression of changes occurring in the Polish economy will be an increase in the rate of economic growth. The use of assistance funds should as a result help diminish the difference between the level of social-economic development in Poland and in the 'old' EU countries.
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nr 3
123-136
EN
The use of the EU Structural Funds' resources was investigated, with the focus on amounts of expenditure on human capital development, funded projects, and their results in the period 1994 to 1999. Conclusions for Poland stemming from conducted research are also presented in the paper.
EN
As from May 1, 2004 the new member states of the European Union became covered by assistance financed from the organisation's general budget. The means for this assistance are drawn from structural funds (the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund, the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund, the Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance) and the Cohesion Fund. In 2004-2006 the means available from the structural funds will be allocated in the EU's new member states mainly to the development of infrastructure, improvement in the quality of human resources and in the production environment. Means from the Cohesion Fund will be used in these countries for co-financing investment projects in the sphere of environmental protection and investments serving the construction of trans-European transport routes. The experience of the poorer EU countries (Greece, Spain, Ireland and Portugal) shows that the use of means coming from the EU budget contributes to growth in GDP, investment outlays and employment as well as to a decrease in the rate of unemployment, a rise in the level of education of the working population, etc. The use of means from the EU budget can be expected to lead to positive changes also in the new member states and help diminish the disproportion in the level of development of the new member states and that of the old fifteen EU countries.
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tom 48
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nr 5
3-15
EN
At the beginning of nineties a reform of EU's regional policy was implemented, which resulted in an increase of support provided for under-developed regions from structural funds. Paper presented an analysis showing the effects of using means from structural funds in under-developed regions within 1994-1999, on the regions' GDP, investment level, employment and unemployment as well as on education level of local populations.
PL
Na mocy Traktatu Rzymskiego ustanowiona została Wspólna Polityka Rolna (WPR). W Traktacie określone zostały jej cele i zasady. W trakcie tworzenia WPR dokonano jej podziału na: politykę rynkową i strukturalną. Źródłami finansowania tej polityki były fundusze: EFOGR, EFS i EFRR. W wyniku konsekwentnie prowadzonej WPR poprawie uległa w EWG struktura agrarna, zmalało zatrudnienie w rolnictwie, wzrosła produkcja rolna i jej intensywność, zapewniona została także samowystarczalność EWG w zakresie większości artykułów żywnościowych. Wraz jednak ze wzrostem produkcji rolnej powiększały się w magazynach zapasy, których eksport warunkowany był wydatkowaniem z budżetu EWG coraz większych kwot na subsydia. W konsekwencji w szybkim tempie zaczęły wzrastać wydatki z budżetu na finansowanie tej polityki. Niezbędna stała się reforma WPR, którą wdrożono w 1986 roku. Wprowadzone modyfikacje WPR nie przyniosły jednak spodziewanych rezultatów. Od tego czasu polityka ta była jeszcze kilkakrotnie reformowana.
EN
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has been enacted by the Treaty of Rome, which defined its objectives and principles. During its drafting process the CAP was divided into market policy and structural policy. The sources of funding of the CAP were three Funds: European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF), European Social Fund (ESF) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). As a result of consistent implementation of the CAP, the agrarian structure markedly improved, the volume of agricultural output substantially increased, allowing the EEC to attain selfsufficiency in most agricultural products, while improving the intensity of farming and reducing the employment in agriculture. However, the growing volume of the agricultural output resulted in mounting surplus of certain agricultural products, whose export depended on ever-increasing subsidies from the EEC budget. Consequently, the expenditures for financing the CAP from the budget started to increase rapidly. This necessitated the reform of the CAP, which was implemented in 1986. Since then, this policy has undergone a few reforms.
PL
Przedstawiono wielkość, kierunki i efekty wykorzystania środków z funduszy strukturalnych przeznaczonych w latach 1994-1999 na rozwój czynnika ludzkiego w zacofanych regionach UE. Wnioski dla Polski wynikające z przeprowadzonych badań zostały zawarte w zakończeniu.
EN
The use of the EU Structural Funds ' resources is investigated, with the focus on amounts of expenditure on human capital development, funded projects, and their results in the period from 1994 to 1999. Conclusions for Poland stemming from conducted research are also presented in the paper.
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