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tom 53
200
EN
Gas chromatography was used to determine lindan and methoxychloride residues in the muscle, brain and liver of selected fish species caught in Popielewo pond in Białystok province. The fish (Carassius carassius L, Cyprinus carpio L, Leucaspius delineatus Heckel) were exposed to an effective concentration of 0,5 ppm Gamametox Powder in water for 30 days. The experiment showed that the highest accumulation of lindan and methoxychlor was in the brain. In the brain of Cyprinus carpio the level was up to 2.41 ppm lindan. The level methoxychlor in livers was similar to the level of this pesticide in the brain, while the level of lindan in livers was considerably the lowest The lowest residues of lindan and methoxychlor accumulation were observed in muscle, where the levels were up to 0.0149 and 0.0351 ppm (Leucaspius delineatus and Cyprinus carpio). Organochlorine pesticide was detected in samples offish from Popielewo pond (control group), but this level was very low. Therefore, it is suggested that the natural environment (Popielewo pond) also contains low concentrations of organochlorine.
EN
The author investigated aquatic fungi developing on the seeds of some plants in various types of water bodies of Podlasie Province. The bait method was used to isolate the fungi. Seventy-four aquatic fungal species were found on seeds of three species of plants: Cannabis sativa hemp-seeds 59, Fagopyrum esculentum buckwheat-seeds 55 and on Vicia sativa vetch-seeds 44 in water of four various bodies. The mould species belonged to Blastocladiales (5), Chytridiales (6), Monoblepharidales (1), Hyphochytriales (1), Lagenidiales (5), Leptomitales (4), Peronosporales (14), Saprolegniales (37) and Plasmodiophorales (1). The most common were Achlya americana, Achlya polyandra, Aphanomyces laevis, Pythium rostratum, Saprolegnia ferax and Saprolegnia parasitica. The following phytopathogens were determined: Achlya racemosa, Phytophthora infestans, Pythium butleri, Pythium debaryanum and Pythium myriotylum.
EN
Water fungi and fungus-like organisms as a biological factor of ecological water systems have significant influence on the environment and its modification. They decompose necrosis substrates found in water bodies. Fungi also can act as facultative parasites and then frequently occur on their hosts. The main aim of the present study is to investigate which of the fungi and straminipiles can grow on the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica in the River Narewka and in natural ponds of Białowieża village. In order to isolate fungi and fungus-like organisms, fragments of adults and eggs from liver flukes were introduced as bait into samples from each water body. The occurrence and growth of aquatic fungi and fungus-like organisms on Fasciola hepatica was investigated in laboratory conditions. The liver fluke F. hepatica used in this study was collected from free-living European bisons, Bison bonasus, which were killed in Białowieża Primeval Forest. The adult liver fluke F. hepatica turned into the habitat for seventeen species of fungi and straminipiles. They were Achlya polyandra, A. prolifera, Apodachlya brachynema, Aphanomyces laevis, Ap. irregularis, Catenaria anguillulae, Dictyuchus monosporus, Leptolegnia caudata, Leptomitus lacteus, Pythium debaryanum, Sirolpidium zoophtorum, Saprolegnia diclina, S. glomerata, S. hypogyna, S. monoica, S. ferax and S. parasitica. Six fungal species such as Achlya prolifera, Aphanomyces irregularis, Myzocytium zoophthorum, Catenaria anguillulae, Saprolegnia ferax and S. parasitica were found on F. hepatica eggs. The majority of fungi which were marked on F. hepatica were animal parasites or necrotrophs (13).
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Content available Choroby grzybicze ryb
63%
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tom 53
201
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nr 4
783-788
EN
The aim of work was settlement of occurrence of pathogenic fungus Trichosporon cutaneum in diverse ecological environments. Object to investigations farmer river Węgorapa, Supraśl, lakes of complex Mamry and Sejny group, of cultivation ponds in Popielewo and in Poryte Jabłoń a few springs of city Białystok. In investigations one used method of baits to isolated water fungus. Quality of waters determined by physico-chemistry methods. One fixed, that pathogcnic fungus Trichosporon cutaneum stepped out in waters north-east evn Poland on all investigated sites. It was developed in both strong poluted water of lakes and ponds also in good oxygened waters and springs it was too.
EN
We analyzed the species composition of fungi and straminipilous organisms in relation to hydrochemical conditions in six lakes within the Ełckie Lake District. The mycological investigations conducted in two vegetative seasons (2014-15) identified 44 species (eight aquatic fungi and 36 straminipilous organisms). The largest number of fungus species were found in lakes Łaśmiady (23), Szarek (22), and Krzywe (20), and the fewest were detected in Ełckie (12), Rajgrodzkie (13), and Dręstwo (14). The diversity of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the mycobiota was probably associated with the content of biogenic compounds and organic substances in the water. The elevated levels of these parameters (lakes: Łaśmiady, Szarek, and Krzywe) stimulated the growth and development of fungi and straminipilous organisms, whereas very high levels of biogenic compounds and organic matter (Lake Ełckie) and their very low content (Lake Dręstwo) had an inhibitory effect. Among the isolated taxa, there were parasites of amphibians and their spawn, and fish and eggs, including Achlya americana, Ac. polyandra, Saprolegnia parasitica, and S. ferax. Some species included pathogens of crayfish and other aquatic crustaceans such as Myzocytium microsporum, M. zoophthorum, Aphanomyces astaci, and Ap. daphniae. Some fungi appeared to be potentially pathogenic to humans, like Aspergillus niger and Candida tropicalis. Such species as Achlya klebsiana, Ac. prolifera, Leptolegnia caudata, Nowakowskiella elegans, N. macrospora, Pythium inflatum, and Saprolegnia litoralis were common phytosaprobionts. Statistical analysis of the results was conducted to determine a correlation in the number of the species of fungi and straminipilous organisms with such hydrochemical parameters as the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and biochemical oxygen demand within a five-day period (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), calcium carbohydrate, nitrate nitrogen, phosphates, chlorides, dry mass, dissolved substances, and suspension. The differences noted in the species composition of the mycobiota in the lakes studied resulted from, among other things, the physicochemical properties of water. Such parameters as the contents of oxygen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphates, dry residue, dissolved substances, and suspension showed a positive correlation, whereas carbon dioxide, BOD5, COD, calcium carbohydrate, and chlorides correlated negatively with the number of the isolated taxa.
EN
We analyzed species composition of aquatic fungi and straminipilous organisms in six lakes located within the Augustowska Primeval Forest, Poland. Mycological observations conducted in the spring and autumn seasons together with hydrochemical analysis in the 2010–2012 revealed the presence of 44 species (10 aquatic fungi and 34 straminipilous organisms). Among the taxa detected, there were some potential pathogens of economically valuable fish species and spawn, including Achlya americana, Ac. polyandra, Saprolegnia ferax and S. parasitica. Some of the species were crustacean pathogens, such as Lagenidium giganteum, Myzocytium microsporum and M. zoophthorum. There were also some common human pathogens Aspergillus niger and Candida tropicalis. Some species, such as Achlya klebsiana, Ac. prolifera, Nowakowskiella elegans, N. macrospora, Pythium debaryanum, Py. inflatum, Rhizophlyctis rosea and Saprolegnia litoralis were common phytosaprobionts. The largest number of species of fungi and straminipilous organisms was identified in Lake Sajenek (22), the fewest in Lake Białe (12). The quantitative composition and qualitative differentiation of mycobiota were influenced by the content of biogenic compounds and the amount of organic substance. The elevated levels of these parameters (Lake Sajenek) stimulated the growth of fungi and straminipilous organisms, whereas very low concentrations of biogenic compounds and a small amount of organic matter (Lake Białe) had an inhibitory effect. Statistical analysis of the results was conducted to determine the correlations between the number of fungal and straminipilous species and the hydrochemical parameters, i.e. water temperature, the level of nitrogen compounds (nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen), calcium carbohydrate, magnesium carbohydrate, water oxidizability and the content of dry residue, dissolved substances and suspension.
EN
The authors analyzed the occurrence of zoosporic fungi and straminipilous organisms in relation to environmental factors in the main bed of the Narew River and its three tributaries (Awissa, Turośnianka, and Kurówka) in two vegetative seasons: spring and autumn. The bait method used to isolate microorganisms helped to distinguish various physiological groups, such as phytosaprotrophs, zoosaprotrophs, and parasites of plants, animals, and fungi. Forty taxons that were determined were more frequently found in the main current of the Narew River than in its tributaries. The major factors limiting the species composition of zoosporic fungi and straminipilous organisms in the sampling locations included hydrochemical parameters, such as CO₂, nitrites, nitrates, ammonium nitrogen, and phosphates that showed negative correlation, pH, and O₂ being positively correlated with the number of the microorganisms studied.
PL
Łupiny i liścienie różnych gatunków i odmian wyki zawierają inhibitory katepsyny A, katepsyny В i katepsyny D.
EN
Skins and cotyledons of various species and varieties of vetch seeds contain inhibitors of catepsin A, catepsin B, and catepsin D. The highest activity of catepsin D inhibitor occurs in the skin of spring vetch. The skins of large yellow vetch show the highest activity of catepsin В inhibitor while catepsin A is inhibited by bush vetch skins.
EN
In our study we analyzed the species composition of fungi and heterotrophic straminipiles in four ponds of a fish farm in Popielewo and in four ponds in Poryta Jabłoń situated in the vicinity of Knyszyn, Poland. Samples of water were collected during the spring and autumn of 2009. Fourty-two species (11 fungi and 31 heterotrophic straminipiles) were recovered. We found some potential pathogens of economically valuable fish and fish spawn, such as Achlya americana, Ac. polyandra, Saprolegnia ferax, and S. parasitica. In addition, we found some common human pathogens such as Aspergillus niger, and Candida tropicalis. Some saprotrophs such as Rhizophlyctis rosea, Nowakowskiella elegans, Olpidiopsis saprolegniae, Pythium debaiyanum, Py. gracile, Py. hemmianum, and Py. inflation appeared to be relatively common. Most species of fungi and straminipiles were recovered from ponds in Poryta Jabłoń (34), while the smallest number was found in Popielewo ponds (25). The physico-chemical analysis of water showed that ponds in Poryta Jabłoń were the least polluted with organic matter, whereas biogenic compounds were most abundant in Popielewo.
EN
We examined the effect of different food types, such as algae - Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus acutus, fungus - Saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacterium - Bacillus subtilis, and their concentrations on the body size of females, number and size of laid eggs and the postembryonic period duration of Daphnia hyalina, Daphnia magna and Simocephalus vetulus. The study has revealed that the body length of females and the number of eggs increase, and the post­embryonic period is shortened when the food concentration increases. The more eggs are laid, the smaller size they are. The highest values of the parameters examined were observed in the females which fed on algae, the lowest in those feeding on bacterium Bacillus subtilis.
EN
Mycoflora developing on some fish species, recently introduced to Polish waters, has not been known. The authors incubated muscles of four fish species (monkey goby, Neogobius fluviatilis; racer goby, N. gymnotrachelus; Chinese sleeper, Perccottus glenii; and stone moroko, Pseudorasbora parva caught in the drainage area of the Bug River) in water taken from 6 different places. A total of 59 fungus species were found to grow on fish muscles studied: Achlya ambisexualis, A. americana, A. caroliniana, A. crenulata, A. debaryana, A. diffusa, A. dubia, A. intricata, A. klebsiana, A. oblongata, A. oligacantha, A. orion, A. polyandra, A. prolifera, A. proliferoides, A. radioasa, A. rodrigueziana, A. treleaseana, Aphanomyces irregularis, A. stellatus, Blastocladiella britannica, Blastocladiopsis parva, Catenaria verrucasa, Cladolegnia unispora, Dictyuchus monosporus, Isoachlya monilifera, Leptolegnia caudata, Leptomitus lacteus, Phlyctochytrium aureliae, Pythium afertile, P. aquatile, P. arrhenomanes, P. butleri, P. dissotocum, P. hemmianum, P. intermedium, P. myriotylum, P. ostracodes, P. periplocum, P. tenue, Rheosporangium aphamidermatus, Rhizophlyctis hirsutus, Rhizophydium laterale, R. macrosporum, Saprolegnia asterophora, S. diclina, S. eccentrica, S. ferax, S. hypogyna, S. litoralis, S. mixta, S. monoica, S. parasitica, S. pseudocrustosa, S. shikotsuensis, S. torulosa, S. uliginosa, Thraustotheca clavata, Zoophagus insidians. The results obtained may be important to ichthyopathologists, because 25 of the above-mentioned fungi are known as necrotroph or parasites of fishes.
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