Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Karkonosze i ich mieszkańcy w świetle wybranych osiemnastowiecznych relacji z podróży

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Pacholski J.

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tom 9

137 - 154

EN

he present sketch deals with the image of the inhabitants of the Silesian and Czech Karkonosze Mountains to be found in works by 18th-century travel writers and geographers of the Enlightenment era representing both the Prussian (J.C.F. GutsMuths, J.H.F. Ulrich, J.E. Troschel and E.F. Buquoi) and pro-Habsburg point of view (F. Fuß). Notwithstanding the affiliation to this or that political and, consequently, confessional group, in their works all authors clearly drew on the models provided by Swiss scholars and writers, primarily A. von Haller as well as J.J. Scheuchzer, which can be seen in implicit and explicit references included in the analysed texts. When analysing the various works, the author tries to demonstrate the presence of these references with regard to the ways of presenting people living in the mountains, their condition, work and customs, which, according to the present author, quite closely follows the models found primarily in A. von Haller’s poem The Alps.

2

Was man vom Grenzgebiet Riesengebirge erwartet und was womöglich überraschen kann

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Pacholski J.

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tom 11

69-86

EN

Stretching over ca 36 km, the Giant Mountains (Krkonoše/Karkonosze) range is a natural border between Silesia and Bohemia, today between Poland and the Czech Republic. In the late Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period, i.e. when the highest range of the Sudetes separated two provinces of the Kingdom of Bohemia, its role as border mountains was notas important, although it was precisely a border dispute between Bohemian (Harrach) and Silesian (Schaffgotsch) lords of these lands that increased interest in the region, laying the foundations, in a way, for the development of tourism in the future. Side effects of the border dispute included St. Lawrence Chapel on Śnieżka and spread of the popularity of the source of the Elbe, i.e. sites that have remained the most frequently visited spots in these mountains to this day. Around the mid-18th century, when, as a result of wars, most Silesia was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia, the Giant Mountains border grew in importance. From that moment the highest range of the Sudetes would separate lands ruled by two different dynasties — the Austro-Bohemian Habsburgs and the Prussian Hohenzollerns, with two different and hostile religions — Catholic and Lutheran. Having become more significant, the border began to appear in literary works, from Enlightenment period travel accounts to popular novels. The author of the present article discusses literary images of this border, using several selected examples.

3

Od relacji z wypraw do przewodnika — początki karkonoskich poradników dla podróżnych na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku

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Pacholski J.

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2018

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tom 12

11-32

EN

In the history of European tourism the Giant Mountains (Karkonosze) occupy a unique place thanks to the Chapel of St. Lawrence, funded by Count Christoph Leopold Schaffgotsch and located on the summit of Śnieżka. Its construction in the Habsburg dominions in the turbulent period of the Counter-Reformation was meant to finally put an end to the Silesian-Bohemian border dispute and become a visible sign of Catholic rule over the highest mountain range of the two neighbouring countries. The construction of the chapel also marked the beginning of tourism in the highest range of the Sudetes; initially, its nature was religious and focused on pilgrimages to the summit of Śnieżka, featuring, in addition to local inhabitants, also sanatorium visitors to Cieplice (Warmbrunn), which was owned by the Schaffgotschs. After the three Silesian Wars, as a result of which the lands to the north of the mountains were separated from the Habsburgs’ Kingdom of Bohemia, the situation in the region changed radically. The Counter-Reformation pressure ceased and the Lutherans began to grow in importance, supported as they were by the decidedly pro-Protestant Prussian state, governed by its tolerant monarch. The period was also marked by an unprecedented growth in the literature on the Giant Mountains — there were poems (Tralles), nature studies (Volkmar) and travel accounts (GutsMuths, Troschel and others) written about the highest range of the Sudetes. A special role among these writings was played by works aimed at introducing the public from the capital Berlin to the new province of the Kingdom of Prussia, especially to the mountains, so exotic from the point of view of the “groves and sands” of Brandenburg. These publications were written primarily by Lutheran clergymen, which was not without significance to the nature of the works. This was also a time when the first guidebooks to the Giant Mountains were written, with many of their authors also coming from the same milieu. What emerges from this image is a kind of confessionalisation of tourism in the highest mountains of Silesia and Bohemia: on the one hand there are mass Catholic pilgrimages and on the other — a new type of individual tourists who, with a book in hand, traverse mountain paths in a decidedly more independent fashion.

4

Cécile – starsza siostra Effi Briest

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Pacholski J.

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nr 3

219-238

EN

This paper deals with Theodor Fontane’s novel Cecile published in 1886. This novel is the first part of the unofficial trilogy of the so-called Berlin novels, which also include Irrungen, Wirrungen (Trials and Tribulations, On Tangled Paths) and Stine. Among these three novels, Cecile is the only one which has not been translated into Polish. In each of these novels, the central motif is misalliance, which in two cases (Cecile and Stine) leads to a tragic end. The motif of a duel, in turn, in which the husband kills the lover or the admirer of the heroine links Cecile to Effi Briest – the most famous of Theodor Fontane’s works. This article attempts to interpret the novel in the context of the similarities between Cecile and Emma Bovary, the protagonist of the masterpiece by Gustave Flaubert and from the perspective of bovarysme –a term coined by Jules de Gaultier. In the analysis, what is important is not only the characterization of Cecile as a character but also the discussion of the role of a letter in the plot of the novel, a letter being a motif used by Fontane in an interesting and surprising way.