The aim of this paper is to present the functional and holistic approach to translation studies. The point of departure constitute the tenets of anthropocentric translation studies laid down by F. Grucza and subsequently developed by, inter alia, S. Grucza and B.Z. Kielar who discussed them in their publications. The paper presents and discusses the holistic model of translation studies, in which the primary research object is differentiated from the secondary one, and the role of the translator is extended during the act of translation.
This article attempts to create a general and, out of necessecity, selective and up-to-date description of translation studies in Poland. The Author starts elaborating on the stages of the complicated development of translation studies with the presentation of facts in which translation studies has its origin. Further, the Autor describes the periodization of translation studies in the light of influence of the facts mentioned above on the development of translation studies in Poland. Selected theoretical models of translation studies as disciplines created mostly by Professor F. Grucza constitute fundamental constructional basis and signifi cant area of comparison reference. F. Grucza distinguished two types of translation studies: theoretical and applied. The former is to create descriptive and explicative knowledge and the latter – applicative knowledge. This division lead de facto to two stages of interpretation of translation reality. General description of translation studies in Poland covers also teaching in translation and interpreting which, next to the primary field of academic research, is a key component of translation studies. This makes translation studies more than just an area of applied linguistics.
This article outlines various concepts of ‘foreignness' in translation with special regard to its ontological and processual relativism. It presents an analytical discussion on foreignness, an important issue, which may be noticed in translation studies. It also discusses selected concepts of foreignness formulated by representatives of both translation studies and other disciplines, such as linguistic communication. The paper elaborates on the complex character of foreignness and its management in the process of translation. The author refers to the internationally- acknowledged theoretical models of translation and takes into consideration the Polish findings with this regard.
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