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EN
Heritability and genetic correlations of monthly egg production under random regression models were estimated. Three layer lines (A22, A88, K66) in six consecutive generations were analysed. A22 (13,770 recorded hens) and A88 (13,950 recorded hens) are maternal lines of Rhode Island White birds selected on egg production and shell colour; K66 (9,351 recorded birds) is a paternal line of Rhode Island Red birds selected on egg weight. Eight models with different orders of Legendre polynomials were applied. Adequacy of the models was checked by the Akaike Information Criterion. According to the most adequate model including second order Legendre polynomials for fixed effects and third order for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects, relatively high heritabilities were estimated in the first (h²=0.3) and final (h² above 0.3) periods of production with a substantial decrease in heritability during the egg production peak. Methodology based on random regression animal models can be recommended for genetic evaluation of laying hens.
EN
The objective of the study was to analyze effective population size and inbreeding level in populations of cat breeds registered in the Polish Studbook. The Association of Purebred Cat Breeders in Poland provided access to pedigrees of 26725 cats fromseven breeds. The most frequent breed was Persian, however increasing tendency in numbers of registered animals from other breeds was recorded in later years. Although the percentage of inbred individuals was increasing over time, mating of close relatives was avoided by most of the breeders, and the average inbreeding coefficient exceeded 5% only for Siberian and Russian breeds. Current analysis suggests that the Polish pedigree cat populations are not threatened by negative effects of inbreeding.
EN
Relationships were estimated between longevity, culling reasons and yield of milk and milk components in the I, II and III 305-day lactations and lifetime dairy performance. ANOVA with Duncan test was applied. Cows culled for health problems showed the highest lifetime dairy performance; those kept in the herd for a short of time were culled because of hard milking and behavioural problems or were sold for breeding.
PL
Badano związki między długością życia, przyczynami brakowania a wydajnością laktacyjną i życiową mleka i jego składników z zastosowaniem analizy wariancji z testem Duncana. Krowy o najwyższych wydajnościach życiowych mleka i jego składników były brakowane ze stada z powodów zdrowotnych. Osobniki o najniższej wydajności brakowano głównie z powodów behawioralnych oraz trudności w dojeniu (ciężki dój).
EN
In a population of Rhode Island White hens heritability of egg formation, clutch characters and traditional selection traits as well as the genetic and phenotypic correlations between them were estimated via multitrait animal model. Over 1300 birds and about 4000 birds were recorded in two consecutive generations for oviposition time and traditional traits, respectively. The heritability estimates obtained for age at first egg (h2=0.42), egg weight (h2=0.50) and body weight (h2=0.42) were considerably higher than those for initial egg production (h2=0.22), clutch traits (h2 between 0.11 and 0.23) and oviposition time (h2 between 0.13 and 0.19). Both genetic and phenotypic correlations between clutch traits and traditional selection traits were low, except for initial egg production and maximal clutch length (rg=0.40 and rp=0.38). As expected, negative correlations were registered for number of clutches and average clutch length. It indicates an opportunity of selection aimed at improvement of egg production persistence by an increase in the average clutch size. Oviposition time was favourably correlated with traditional selection criteria.
PL
Rozporządzenie Komisji Europejskiej 2016/631 z dnia 14 kwietnia 2016 r. ustanowiło kodeks sieciowy dotyczący wymogów w zakresie przyłączania jednostek wytwórczych do sieci. Weszło ono w życie 17 maja 2016 r. Ustanowione tym rozporządzeniem wymagania dla jednostek wytwórczych mają m. in. przyczynić się do utrzymania należytego bezpieczeństwa systemu, ułatwić właściwe ­funkcjonowanie rynku wewnętrznego energii elektrycznej miedzy obszarami synchronicznymi oraz w ich obrębie, a także poprawić efektywność kosztową funkcjonowania systemu. W artykule opisano zakres merytoryczny dokumentu, wymagania techniczne oraz procedurę pozwolenia na użytkowanie na potrzeby przyłączenia. Przedstawiono również zakres działań, które należy zrealizować w celu potwierdzenia zapewnienia zgodności z wymaganiami. Na przestrzeni lat w KSE wypracowano szereg procedur ich weryfikacji. Dla nowych wymagań konieczne będzie opracowanie nowych procedur. Pełny obraz obowiązującej praktyki odbiorowej jednostek wytwórczych wyłoni się po dwuletnim okresie przejściowym.
EN
The EU Regulation 2016/631 of 14 April 2016 established a network code concerning demands on connecting of generating units to a network and it entered into force on 17 May 2016. The established requirements for generating units are, among the others, to contribute to maintain sufficient system security, facilitate proper functioning of electric energy internal market between synchronized areas as well as within their borders and also improve a system functioning cost efficiency. Described are the substantive scope of this document, technical requirements and a procedure to obtain a permit for use for the purpose of connecting to a network. Presented is also the range of activities that must be realized to ensure compliance with the requirements. Over the years, a number of verification procedures has been worked out in the Polish power system that may continue to be used. But, for the new requirements it will be necessary to elaborate the new ones and the full picture of the being in force generating units acceptance practice will only emerge after a two years’ transitional period.
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