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EN
Our contemporary research in translation tends to approach translation as one means of intercultural communication. This involves taking into account the relations between cultures and languages entering into contact with one another through translation, as well as investigating into cultural-social effects caused by translation. The article outlines the research grounds for the issues at stake, particularly those being part of the so-called 'postcolonial' current, which has been evolving in recent years also in translatology. Scholars representing this current refer to the fact that translation may form yet another (new) form of colonialism, subordination and preservation of divisions between languages and cultures. The authoresses focus on Polish and French translations of the Lemk poetry, the latter being a peculiar manifestation of ethnic identity.
4
Content available remote Multimedia elements in the PHARMACY2 system
67%
EN
The paper describes the PHARMACY2 system being a modification of PHARMACY1 worked out earlier by the authors and implemented at the Chemotherapy Clinic of the Medical University of Łódź. The main change lies in the introduction of multimedia to the system, which improves communication capabilities of the system and enables better assistance of medical education. In the system a special emphasis is put on cytostatic drugs.
EN
In the paper are presented the results of tests of nanomechanical behaviour of ultrathin (200 nm) multilayers films (superlattices) deposited by PVD technique on the single crystal Si, Si3N4 and SiO2 substrates. The superlattices were produced by various combinations of ultrathin single layers of NbN, TiN and CrN. The evaluation of the effect of the material (and the substrate) on the nanohardness and modulus of elasticity was found from the nanoindentation studies. It was observed that TiN/CrN superlattices deposited on Si demonstrates the best mechanical properties (nanohardness over 21 GPa). The best uniformity of the films was found for the TiN/CrN superlattices deposited on Si3N4.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nanomechanicznego zachowania się ultracienkich (200 nm) powłok wielowarstwowych (supersieci) nanoszonych metodą PVD na podłoża Si, Si3N4 i SiO2. Supersieci wykonywano z kombinacji warstw azotków NbN, TiN i CrN. Oceniono wpływ materiału na uzyskiwanie wartości nanotwardości i modułu sprężystości, wyznaczone metodą nanoindentacji. Zaobserwowano, że najlepsze właściwości mechaniczne (twardość powyżej 21GPa) wykazują supersieci TiN/CrN na podłożu Si, natomiast najlepszą jednorodnością charakteryzują się supersieci TiN/CrN na podłożu Si3N4.
EN
Fluorescence is one of the most commonly used methods of biodetection, mainly due to the high sensitivity, non-invasiveness, simplicity, and also due to the availability of the whole range of powerful light sources, a wide range of photodetectors, and numerous and sensitive measuring methods. From the point of view of biodetection and bioimaging, the important characteristics of such fluorophores are large Stokes shift, narrow absorption/emission lines as well as stable and efficient luminescence. Traditional organic dyes applied in biology reveal very fast photobleaching and limited opportunities for simultaneous detection of many biomolecules, what stimulate development of new fluorescent markers. Fast and intensive development of nanotechnology and chemical engineering observed in recent years, aims at designing the nanophosphors or luminescent nanoplatforms, that demonstrate desirable properties and devised functionality. However, new phosphors are not included yet in broad practical applications, mainly because of the need to adapt the measuring apparatus so as to fully exploit their potential. From among the fluorescent nano-particles, silica dye doped nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanocolloidal metallic nanoparticles, and lanthanide doped nanoluminophores show the largest application potential. This article discusses the unique physico-chemical properties of lanthanide doped nanoparticles, which beside very long luminescence lifetimes and narrow emission bands, enable to obtain a visible emission under the near infrared photoexcitation (called anti-Stokes emission), offering improved sensitivity, stability, repeatability and accuracy of the fluorescent biodetection and bioimaging methods. In this review, physico-chemical properties of lanthanide doped nanoluminophores and many examples of their biological applications have been discussed. The first chapter presents spectral characteristics of rare-earth ions with particular regard to the mechanism of energy transfer and up-conversion, which is a fundamental difference and the decisive advantage compared with other known fluorescent markers. The luminescent properties of lantanides are demonstrated based on the most commonly used nanomaterials singly doped with Eu^3+ and Tb^3+ and the codoped matrices, like Yb^3+-Tm^3+, Yb^3+-Er^3+or Yb^3+-Ho^3+ co-doped phosphores. The features of these materials are best suited from the point of view of biodetection and bioimaging. The next chapter gives an overview of the applications of lanthanide doped nanoluminophores in biological sciences. Different types of hetero-/homo-genous tests and luminesce based sensors for pH, CO_2, the level of glucose, and other analytes are presented. Then, basic aspects of bioimaging, photodynamic and thermo-therapy, nanotermometry as well as nano-bio-technology platforms have been summarized. In conclusion suggestions of new research directions and new biological applications of lanthanide doped nanoparticles have been presented.
9
Content available remote Nanomechanical behaviour of silicon
51%
EN
Nanomechanical chracterization of N-type, P-type single crystal silicon and polysilicon engineering, structural materials for Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) was carried out and hardness and modulus of elasticity are given and discussed. The effect of crystal orientation ( <100> and < 111> ) on nano-scale mechanical behaviour of these materials is also considered. Comparison of nanoewar of single-crystal P-type silicon <100> and the ultra-thin coating of silicon dioxide on the same substrate is also included.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań nanomechanicznych krzemu krystalicznego typu N i P oraz polikrzemu jako materiałów konstrukcyjnych dla mikrosystemów (MEMS).Podano twardość oraz moduł sprężystości.Omówiono talże wpływ orientacji krystalicznej krzemu na jego własności mechaniczne. Zamieszczono porównanie nanozużycia krzemu typu P<100> i warstwy dwutlenku krzemu na tym samym podłożu krzemowym.
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