Gorące wędzenie nie zawsze zapewnia zniszczenie C. botulinum i L. monocytogenes w rybach, gdyż niektórzy producenci stosują bardzo łagodne warunki temperatury i czasu oraz male stężenie soli, chcąc uzyskać dobrą sensoryczną jakość produktu. Aby wykluczyć niebezpieczeństwo zatruć mikrobiologicznych i zakażeń pokarmowych, można stosować łagodne warunki wędzenia tylko wtedy, jeśli w przetwórni stosuje się zasady HACCP, a towar przechowuje się nieprzerwanie w temp. poniżej 3°C.
EN
Hot smoking does not inactivate C. botulinum and L. monocytogenes, if the time and temperature of heating and the concentration of salt in the smoked fish are too low. Some producers use mild conditions of smoking, seeking high sensory quality of the product. The risk of food poisoning by mildly smoked fish can be avoided only by strictly observing the HACCP requirements and storing of the product below 3°C.
Przeprowadzono elektroforetyczne i serologiczne badania porównawcze składu białek 6 szczepów M. pneumoniae i 1 szczepu M. genitalium. Stwierdzono pełne podobieństwo budowy antygenowej badanych szczepów M. pneumoniae oraz bliskie podobieństwo antygenowe M. genitalium do M. pneumoniae. Najbardziej swoistymi spośród antygenów M. pneumoniae okazały się białka o masie cząsteczkowej 170 (białko P1) i 89 kDa, uważane za najważniejsze adhezyny komórki mykoplazmowej.
EN
The Mycoplasma pneumoniae FH strain routinely used in our laboratory for over 25 years as antigen in serological tests, 2 reference M. pneumoniae strains from ATCC (29342 and M129) and 3 isolates of M. pneumoniae obtained in 1995 from pneumonia patients were compared by SDS-PAGE, complement fixation test (CFT) and by Western-immunoblotting against human and rabbit serum samples with high level of mycoplasmal antibodies. On SDS-PAGE all M. pneumoniae strains showed the same number of 23 polypeptides on the gel with identical molecular weights. The same strains on immunoblotting against human and rabbit serum samples showed six bands: 170, 89, 75, 55, 38 and 33 kDa with the strongest antibody staining in 170-(P1 protein) and 89-kDa bands. Because of its known antigenic relationships Mycoplasma genitalium was used for comparison. The pattern of M genitalium proteins on SDS-PAGE was similar to pattern of M. pneumoniae but distinguishable. On immunoblotting six proteins of M. genitalium (135, 127, 110, 95, 75 and 45 kDa) reacted with human and rabbits immunoglobulins for M. pneumoniae antigens. Furthermore in complement fixation test both antigens, prepared from M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium, reacted as well with human and rabbit immunoglobulins for M. pneumoniae and with rabbit immunoglobulins for M. genitalium. These cross-reactions observed in serological techniques could give false positive results in routine diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infections. In such situations showing on immunoblott of presence in tested serum sample of antibodies to 170 - and 89 kDa proteins could confirm M. pneumoniae infection.
The following paper includes the results of research, concerning the occurrence of Listeria spp in salted herring and herring salads. 100 samples of traditionally and vacuum packed herring and 40 herring salads were examined. It was established that 6.6% of the samples were contaminated with these microorganisms. 4 strains of Listeria innocua and 5 strains of L. monocytogenes were isolated. Listeria was not found in the herring salads, which was explained by the low, <4 pH of the product. Moreover, the ability of Listeria monocytogenes to develop in the environment of salted herring was determined. It was established that the pathogenic microorganisms multiplies in the herring, stored at the room temperature. At 10°C the development of Listeria is totally inhibited. Sodium benzoate has little influence on the development of Listeria because it merely delays the beginning, of the logarithmic phase of the bacteria development by 2 days.
In search of an effective DNA typing techniaue for Acinetobacter baumannii strains for hospital epidemiology use, the performance and convenience of a new target seauence was evaluated. Using known genomic seauences of Acinetobacter baumannii strains AR 319754 and ATCC 17978, we developed single-locus variable-number direct-repeat analysis using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (DR-PCR/RFLP) method. A total of 90 Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients of the Clinical Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland, were examined. Initially, all strains were typed using macrorestriction analysis of the chromosomal DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (REA-PFGE). Digestion of the chromosomal DNA with the Apal endonuclease and separation of the fragments by PFGE revealed 21 uniaue types. Application of DR-PCR/RFLP resulted in recognition of 12 clusters. The results showed that the DR-PCR/RFLP method is less discriminatory than REA-PFGE, however, the novel genotyping method can be used as an alternative techniaue for generating DNA profiles in epidemiological studies of intra-species genetic relatedness of Acinetobacter baumannii strains.
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