Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The pathogenicity of Phytophthora infestans [Mont.] de Bary to potato sprouts

100%

Weber Z. , Liu P.

Annals of Agricultural Sciences. Series E: Plant Protection

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1998

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tom 27

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nr 1-2

13-16

2

The Generalized saddle-node bifurcation of degenerate solution

100%

Liu P. , Wang Y.-W.

Annales Societatis Mathematicae Polonae. Seria 1: Commentationes Mathematicae

|

2005

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tom Vol. 45, [Z] 2

145--150

EN

In this paper we discuss the bifurcation problem for the abstract operator equation of the form F(u,λ)=θ with a parameter lambda, where F:X x R -> Y is a C^1 mapping, X, Y are Banach spaces. By the bounded linear generalized inverse A^+ of A=F_u(u_0 λ_0), an abstract bifurcation theorem for the case dim N(F_u(u_0 λ_0)) >= codim R(F_u(u_0,λ_0))=1 has been obtained

3

Extremes of chi-square processes with trend

100%

Liu P. , Ji L.

Probability and Mathematical Statistics

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2016

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tom Vol. 36, Fasc. 1

1--20

EN

This paper studies the supremum of chi-square processes with trend over a threshold-dependent-time horizon. Under the assumptions that the chi-square process is generated from a centered self-similar Gaussian process and the trend function is modeled by a polynomial function, we obtain the exact tail asymptotics of the supremum of the chi-square proces with trend. These results are of interest in applications in engineering, insurance, queueing and statistics, etc. Some possible extensions of our results are also discussed.

4

The technology of preparing green coating by conducting micro-arc oxidation on AZ91D magnesium alloy

100%

Wang S. , Liu P.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2016

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tom Vol. 18, nr 4

36--40

EN

Micro-arc oxidation was applied to AZ91D magnesium alloy by taking K2Cr2O7 as the colouring salt in the silicate system. It was shown that the green coating obtained through performing micro-arc oxidation on magnesium alloy consisted of Mg, Mg2SiO4 , MgO, and Mg2SiO4 based on analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Among which, Mg2SiO4 was the colouring salt; there were something in the lamellar, pit, and convex forms found on the surface of the coating. The coating consisted of a porous, and a compact, layer from the outside to the inside. As demonstrated, the colour of the coating depended on the K2Cr2O7 concentration: it became gradually deeper with the addition of K2Cr2O7 and the increasing micro-arc oxidation time. The corrosion resistance and hardness of the green coating were greater than that of the matrix.

5

A multiple attribute group decision making method based on generalized interwal-valued trapezoidal fuzzy numbers

100%

Liu P. , Wang Y.

Control and Cybernetics

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2011

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tom Vol. 40, no 1

163-184

EN

A ranking approach based on grey correlative coefficient is presented to solve the multiple attribute decision making problems in which the attribute values and the weights take the form of the generalized interval-valued trapezoidal fuzzy number (GIYTFN). Firstly, the concept and the calculation rules of GIYTFN are introduced, the distance of GIYTFN is proposed. Secondly, the method of linguistic terms transformed into GIYTFN and the normalization method of GIYTFN is illustrated, and a grey relational decision making method based on the GIYTFN is presented in detail. The alternatives are ranked based on the grey correlative coefficient. Finally, an illustrative example is given to show the effectiveness of this method and the decision making steps.

6

Improved implementation of the extended finite element method for stress analysis around cracks

100%

Yu T. T. , Liu P.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2011

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tom Vol. 11, no 3

787-805

EN

Although the extended finite element method (XFEM) allows for modelling arbitrary discontinuities, its low order elements often means that frequent improvements on accuracy are required. The generalized finite element method (GFEM), the extension of the conventional FEM, improves the approximation accuracy of the FEM by introducing generalized degrees of freedom and re-interpolating nodal degrees of freedom. This paper enhances the implementation of the XFEM for stress analysis around cracks by coupling the GFEM and XFEM. The generalized node shape functions are used in a cluster of nodes around the cracks, and the conventional finite element shape functions are adopted at nodes outside the cracks, thereby reducing costs and improving the accuracy of stresses in the vicinity of the cracks. Several numerical examples show that the proposed approach generates higher accuracy for stress intensity factor computations at affordable costs.

PL

Pomimo że rozszerzona metoda elementów skończonych (XFEM) pozwala modelować przypadkowe nieciągłości, metoda ta wymaga poprawy dokładności. Można to uzyskać poprzez zastosowanie dodatkowych metod modelowania. W pracy przedstawiono zastosowanie połączonych metod GFEM i XFEM do analizy naprężeń wokół pęknięcia. Kilka numerycznych przykładów wykazało, że proponowane podejście pozwala uzyskać lepszą dokładność od metod dotychczas stosowanych.

7

Abnormal prediction of dense crowd videos by a purpose-driven lattice Boltzmann model

80%

Xue Y. , Liu P. , Tao Y. , Tang X.

|

2017

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tom Vol. 27, no. 1

181--194

EN

In the field of intelligent crowd video analysis, the prediction of abnormal events in dense crowds is a well-known and challenging problem. By analysing crowd particle collisions and characteristics of individuals in a crowd to follow the general trend of motion, a purpose-driven lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) is proposed. The collision effect in the proposed method is measured according to the variation in crowd particle numbers in the image nodes; characteristics of the crowd following a general trend are incorporated by adjusting the particle directions. The model predicts dense crowd abnormal events in different intervals through iterations of simultaneous streaming and collision steps. Few initial frames of a video are needed to initialize the proposed model and no training procedure is required. Experimental results show that our purpose-driven LBM performs better than most state-of-the-art methods.

8

Hydrogen sulfide is a mediator in H2O2-induced seed germination in Jatropha Curcas

80%

Li Z.-G. , Gong M. , Liu P.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2012

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tom 34

|

nr 6

EN

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a second messenger, plays a vital role in seed germination and plant growth, development as well as the acquisition of stress tolerance, while hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is considered as a new emerging cell signal molecule in higher plants. In the present study, soaking of H₂O₂ greatly improved germination percentage of Jatropha curcas seeds, stimulated the increase of L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity, which in turn induced accumulation of H₂S. On the contrary, pretreatment of aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), inhibitor of H₂S biosynthesis, eliminated H₂O₂ stimulated the increase of activity of L-cysteine desulfhydrase and accumulation of H₂S as well as improvement of germination percentage. In addition, exogenously applied H₂S also could improve germination percentage of seeds of J. curcas. These results suggested that pretreatment of H₂O₂ could improve germination percentage of J. curcas seeds and this improvement was mediated by H₂S.

9

Determination of Bi in high-purity lead and cadmium metals by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after on-line matrix separation

80%

Wu X. , Liu P. , Pu Q. , Su Z.

Chemia Analityczna

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2002

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tom Vol. 47, No. 5

713-723

EN

Trace amounts of Bi in high-purity Pb and Cd metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry in combination with flow injection on-line matrix separation. Matrix separation and Bi(III) preconcentration was accomplished by retention of Bi(III) on a microcolumn packed with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole modified silica gel at pH 3.0 with a sample flow-rate of 5.6 mL min"'. Then adsorbed Bi(III) was eluted with a mixed eluent containing 3.0 mol L(-1) HClO(4), 0.5 mol L(-1) NaClO(4) and 0.2 mol L(-1) NaNO(3) at a flow-rate of 2.2 mL min(-1) and introduced into the atomizer of the AAS directly. Most of the common coexisting ions did not interfere with the preconcentration and determination. The limit of detection (LOD) of 0.010 ug mL'1 (which refers to the sample solution), was achieved when 0.3000 ug mL(-1) Bi(III) was preconcentrated for 60 s. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was <2.0% (n = 7) for the proposed method. The linear regression coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.9998 in a working concentration range of 0.10 ~ 2.00 ug mL(-1). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace Bi in chemically pure Pb grain and Cd band samples.

PL

Śladowe ilości Bi w czystych metalach Pb i Cd oznaczono za pomocąpłomieniowej atomowej spektroskopii atomowej w kombinacji z oddzieleniem matrycy „on linę" metodą wstrzykową. Oddzielenie matrycy oraz zatężenie Bi(III) uzyskano zatrzymując Bi(III) na mikrokolumnie z 2-merkaptobenzotiazolem osadzonym na żelu krzmionkowym przy pH 3.0 i szybkości przepływu próbki 5.5 mL min"1. Następnie zatrzymany Bi(in) eluowano mieszanym eluentern o składzie 3.0 mol L'1 HC1O4, 0.5 mol L-' NaClO4 and 0.2 mol L'1 NaNO3 przy szybkości przepływu 2.2 mL min"' i wprowadzano bezpośrednio do atomizera AAS. Większość pospolitych jonów towarzyszących nie przeszkadzała w zatężaniu i oznaczaniu Bi. Granicę detekcji 0.010 ng mL(-1) (w odniesieniu do roztworu próbki) uzyskano gdy roztwór 0.3000 ug mL(-1) zależano przez 60 s. Względne odchylenie standardowe (RSD) metody wynosiło <2.0% (n = 7). Współczynnik liniowej regresji krzywej kalibracyjnej wynosił 0.9998 w roboczym zakresie stężeń 0.10-2.00 ug mL(-1). Opracowano metodę wykorzystano do oznaczania Bi w chemicznie czystych ziarnach ołowiu i taśmach kadmowych.

10

Research the Design Method of Hybrid Cascade Multilevel Structure for the APFs in Moderate-voltage Grid

80%

He Y. , Liu P. , Wang Z.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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tom R. 88, nr 11a

182-187

EN

A design method about how to design main circuits of active power filters(APF) with hybrid cascade multilevel structure is proposed in this paper. Through careful research, the combination of these cascade H-bridge modules is properly chosen and the number of high-frequency module is reasonably selected. Following eight steps described in the paper, a reasonable design process of the combination of these modules can be Got easily for a given condition. Through the reasonable combination of hybrid cascaded modules made up of high and low voltage devices, the design method that how to design the main circuit of this APF can be used to different voltage class in moderate voltage grid. Simulation results validate the rightness of the proposed method.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie hybrydowego kaskadowego wielopoziomowego układu w aktywnym filtrze mocy (ang. Active Power Filter). Opisany został sposób doboru modułów wykorzystanych mostków typu H oraz wyniki symulacyjne układu.

11

Restoration and fusion optimization scheme of multifocus image using genetic search strategies

80%

Zhang X. , Han J. , Liu P.

Optica Applicata

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2005

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tom Vol. 35, nr 4

927-942

EN

A novel and optimal algorithm is presented that is suitable for multifocus image fusion. A synergistic combination of segmentation techniques and genetic search strategies is employed in salience analysis of contrast feature-vision system. Some evaluation measures are suggested and applied to compare the performance of different fusion schemes. Two cases of the generated test images are discussed and extensive experiments demonstrate that in one case most fused images achieve reconstruction or optimized effects with respect to the reference image when the focus objectives are not overlapped blurred, and in the other case this method produces better results outperforming other conventional methods when the focus objectives are overlapped blurred. It is therefore shown that the performance of the fusion algorithm proposed optimizes further the fused image globally accomplishing absolute restoration or optimized fusion of multifocus image to the reference image. This algorithm is also suitable for the digital camera images of real scene and gets to be optimized well. s. 927-942, bibliogr. 21 poz..

12

Existence of solutions for a four-point boundary value problem of a nonlinear fractional differential equation

80%

Dou X. , Li Y. , Liu P.

Opuscula Mathematica

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2011

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tom Vol. 31, no. 3

359-372

EN

In this paper, we discuss a four-point boundary value problem for a nonlinear differential equation of fractional order. The differential operator is the Riemann-Liouville derivative and the inhomogeneous term depends on the fractional derivative of lower order. We obtain the existence of at least one solution for the problem by using the Schauder fixed-point theorem. Our analysis relies on the reduction of the problem considered to the equivalent Fredholm integral equation.

13

Selection of aquatic plants for phytoremediation of heavy metal in electroplate wastewater

80%

Sun H. , Wang Z. , Gao P. , Liu P.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2013

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tom 35

|

nr 02

EN

The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites using plants is a promising alternative to current methodologies. In this study, small-scale wetlands were constructed to search for new plant species that are suitable and hold potential for phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated wastewater originating from an electroplating plant. Ten macrophyte species [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin., Typha orientalis Presl, Lythrum salicaria Linn., Arundo donax Linn. var. versicolor Stokes, Typha minima Funk, Juncus effusus L., Pontederia cordata L., Cyperus alternifolius Linn. subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.) Ku¨kenth., Acorus calamus Linn., and Iris pseudacorus Linn.] were investigated and compared for their shapes, biomass, roots, and ability to accumulate heavy metals. Acorus calamus Linn., T. orientalis Presl, P. australis (Cav.) Trin., T. minima Funk, and L. salicaria Linn. exhibited the highest levels of metal tolerance, whereas P. cordata L., I. pseudacorus Linn., and C. alternifolius Linn. subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.) Ku¨kenth. had the lowest. Some plants accumulated higher concentrations of metals in the tissues compared with other species such as T. minima Funk, P. australis (Cav.) Trin., L. salicaria Linn., A. donax Linn. var. versicolor Stokes, P. cordata L., and A. calamus Linn., whereas T. orientalis Presl and C. alternifolius Linn. subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.) Ku¨kenth. had poor capacity to accumulate heavy metals. The results showed that, of the 10 species, P. australis (Cav.) Trin., A. calamus Linn., T. minima Funk, and L. salicaria Linn. are the most suitable and promising plant materials for phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated wastewater.

14

Characterization and quantitative analysis of procyanidins in fruits of hawthorn species (Crataegus spp.)

80%

Liu P. , Kallio H. , Yang B.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2011

|

tom 61

|

nr Suppl.1

15

Porazenie kielkow ziemniaka przez Phytophthora infestans [Mont.] de Bary

80%

Weber Z. , Liu P. , Hylak B. , Nowacka K.

Progress in Plant Protection

|

1998

|

tom 38

|

nr 1

50-55

16

Physico-Mechanical Performance Evaluation of Large Pore Synthetic Meshes with Different Textile Structures for Hernia Repair Applications

80%

Liu P. , Shao H. , Chen N.-L. , Jiang J.-H.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

|

2018

|

tom Vol. 26, no. 2 (128)

79--86

EN

This paper studied the relationship between the textile structure of warp knitted hernia repair meshes and their physico-mechanical properties to solve the problem of hernia patch application evaluation and clear the mechanism of hernia patch structure-performance for clinical application. Six different prototypes of large pore meshes were fabricated, including four kinds of meshes with different pore shapes: H (hexagonal), D (diamond), R (round) and P (pentagonal); and two kinds of meshes with inlays: HL (hexagonal with inlays) and DL (diamond with inlays), using the same medical grade polypropylene monofilament. All meshes were designed with the same walewise density and coursewise density. Then the influence of other structural parameters on the physico-mechanical properties of the meshes was analysed. The physico-mechanical properties of these meshes tested meet the requirements of hernia repair, except mesh DL, whose tear resistance strength (12.93±2.44 N in the transverse direction) was not enough. Mesh R and P demonstrated less anisotropy, and they exhibited similar physico-mechanical properties. These four kinds of meshes without inlays demonstrated similar ball burst strength properties, but mesh HL and DL exhibited better ball burst strength than the others. All in all, uniform structures are expected to result in less anisotropy, and meshes with inlays, to some extent, possess higher mechanical properties. And the ratio of open loop number to closed loop number in a repetition of weave of fabric has marked effect on the physico-mechanical properties. Thus we can meet the demands of specific patients and particular repair sites by designing various meshes with appropriate textile structures.

PL

W pracy przeanalizowano zależność między strukturą chirurgicznych siatek przepuklinowych a ich właściwościami fizyczno-mechanicznymi. Opracowano sześć różnych prototypów siatek o dużych porach, w tym cztery rodzaje oczek o różnych kształtach porów: H (sześciokąt), D (romb), R (okrąg) i P (pięciokąt); oraz dwa rodzaje oczek z inkrustacją: HL (sześciokątne z inkrustacją) i DL (romb z inkrustacją), z wykorzystaniem tego samego monofilamentu z polipropylenu klasy medycznej. Wszystkie oczka zostały zaprojektowane z taką samą gęstością. Następnie analizowano wpływ pozostałych parametrów strukturalnych na właściwości fizyczno-mechaniczne oczek. Właściwości fizyczno-mechaniczne badanych siatek spełniają wymagania, z wyjątkiem siatki DL, której wytrzymałość na rozdarcie (12,93 ± 2,44 N w kierunku poprzecznym) nie była wystarczająca. Siatki R i P wykazywały mniejszą anizotropię i podobne właściwości fizyko-mechaniczne. Powyższe cztery rodzaje siatek bez inkrustacji wykazywały podobne właściwości wytrzymałości na pękanie, a siatki HL i DL wykazywały lepszą wytrzymałość na rozerwanie niż pozostałe. Stwierdzono, że jednolite struktury charakteryzują się mniejszą anizotropią, a siatki z inkrustacją, do pewnego stopnia, mają lepsze właściwości mechaniczne.

17

Determination of the average maintenance time of CNC machine tools based on type II failure correlation

71%

Shen G. , Zeng W. , Han C. , Liu P. , Zhang Y.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

|

2017

|

tom Vol. 19, no. 4

604--614

EN

An average maintenance time calculation method based on components failure correlation analysis is proposed to revise the traditional system maintenance time. This paper focus on complex system type II fault correlation, using the Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory / Interpretative structural model method to divide the fault level of components. And the copula connection function is introduced to calculation of failure rate function of failure correlation components. In addition, the system maintenance time model is established by synthesizing the failure rate function of each unit of the system. Moreover, the average maintenance time under the minimum number of failures is determined. This method shows that the minimum average maintenance time of the proposed system is more reasonable than the traditional one and provides the basis for system and component reliability design.

PL

W artykule zaproponowano metodę obliczania średniego czasu konserwacji, opartą na analizie korelacji uszkodzeń elementów składowych systemu. Metoda ta ma na celu rewizję tradycyjnego czasu konserwacji systemu. Głównym tematem pracy jest korelacja awarii typu II występujących w systemach złożonych. Elementy systemu podzielono ze względu na poziom uszkodzenia przy użyciu metody DEMATEL w połączeniu z interpretacyjnym modelowaniem strukturalnym. Funkcję intensywności skorelowanych uszkodzeń elementów systemu obliczono za pomocą funkcji łączącej (kopuły). Dodatkowo, opracowano model czasu konserwacji systemu poprzez syntezę funkcji intensywności uszkodzeń każdej jednostki systemu. Ponadto, określono średni czas konserwacji dla minimalnej liczby uszkodzeń. Metoda ta pokazuje, że minimalny średni czas konserwacji proponowanego systemu jest korzystniejszy niż tradycyjnie przyjęty i stanowi podstawę do projektowania niezawodności systemu i jego składowych.

18

EF1alpha is a suitable housekeeping gene for RT-qPCR analysis during osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

71%

Chen X. , Zhang B. , Zhao Y. , Liu P. , Zhou Y.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2013

|

tom 60

|

nr 3

EN

The expression of predominant housekeeping genes used in RT-qPCR can vary during development and differentiation. The frequently used housekeeping genes (ACTB, GAPDH, 18S rRNA, EF1α and RPL 13a) were evaluated during an early stage of the osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) (under normal conditions or treated with CCG-4986) to identify housekeeping genes whose expression remained constant during osteogenic differentiation. When we used RGS4 mRNA, which was determined as copy number per μg of total RNA, to normalize gene expression, we observed that the relative EF1α expression profile was consistent with RGS4 expression after treatment with CCG-4986. All the relative expression profiles of the EF1α, 18S rRNA, and RPL13a housekeeping genes were consistent with RGS4 profiles determined by measuring mRNA copies under normal osteogenic differentiation conditions. The expression profiles calibrated by ACTB and GAPDH were not consistent with those determined using mRNA copy number in untreated cells or cells treated with CCG-4986 under osteogenic differentiation conditions. Under normal osteogenic differentiation conditions, EF1α, 18S rRNA, and RPL 13a are suitable housekeeping genes for RT-qPCR analysis. However, EF1α is the only suitable gene upon CCG-4986 treatment.

19

Distribution of epidermal growth factor receptor, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and p53 in kidney of healthy newborn, adult and old highland-plateau yaks

71%

Wang T. , Cui Y. , Liu P. , He J. , Zhang Q.

Folia Morphologica

|

2019

|

tom 78

|

nr 1

EN

Background: Kidney has long been thought to be a body’s largest organ of elimination for maintaining acid-base balance. In recent years, the research on kidneys has mainly focused on the structural characteristics of the kidney of single age group animals. In this paper we used histological and immunohistochemical methods to observe and compare the structure characteristics of yak kidney and the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and p53 in the kidney of yaks of three different age groups. The aim of the study was to investigate histological characteristics of age-related changes in the kidney of yak and expression and localisation of kidney-related factors. Materials and methods: Fifteen healthy male and female yaks from highland plateaus (three groups: newborn, adult and old yaks, n = 5 per group). Histological methods were used to compare the relevant characteristics of the kidney of yaks. The immunohistochemistry method was used to observe the expression and localisation of EGFR, BMP-2, and p53 of the kidney of different ages, and the optical density value was measured and analysed by using image analysis software. Results: This is an overall observation of the kidney tissue section, which includes the surface of the renal capsule and the internal parenchyma. In the renal parenchyma, there are renal corpuscles, renal tubules. The internal substance included cortex and medulla, which were bounded by the arched artery. In the cortex, there were renal corpuscles, convoluted part of renal tubules (proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule) and collecting tubules. The medulla included straight parts of renal tubules (proximal straight tubule and distal straight tubule), thin segments and collecting tubules. It was observed that the organisational structure of the kidney of yaks did not change with age, but the degree of development of the internal structure (glomeruli, renal tubules and collecting tubules) of the kidney changed with age. Immunohistochemical results demonstrated that EGFR and BMP-2-positive reaction in the newborn group was mainly distributed in the proximal tubule epithelial cells, and widely distributed in the adult and old groups. However, the p53-positive reaction was widely distributed in the newborn, adult and old groups. Conclusions: The results revealed that the kidney structure tended to be completed with age, and the function of the kidney gradually improved. EGFR and BMP-2 had the effect of promoting kidney development. However, p53 had been widely distributed in the newborn kidney of the yaks. It is suggested that p53 had been involved in cell migration and metabolic differentiation and self-renewal in the new stage. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 1: 114–123)

20

The effects of molybdenum and boron on the rhizosphere microorganisms and soil enzyme activities of soybean

71%

Sun T. , Wang Y. P. , Wang Z. Y. , Liu P. , Xu G. D.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

|

2013

|

tom 35

|

nr 03

EN

This study examined the effects of molybdenum (Mo) and boron (B) on the rhizosphere microorganisms and the soil enzyme activities of soybean. The soybeans were treated with seven different Mo and B supplements (control: without Mo and B) Mo1 (0.0185 g kg-1), B1 (0.08 g kg-1), Mo1 + B1 (0.0185 ? 0.08 g kg-1), Mo2 (0.185 g kg-1), B2 (0.3 g kg-1) and Mo2 ? B2 (0.185 + 0.3 g kg-1) throughout the plants’ four growth stages. The results showed that Mo, B, and combined Mo and B treatments increased the soil microbial populations, stimulated the rhizosphere metabolisms, and improved the soil enzyme activities. These stimulatory effects varied in intensity among the treatment groups. The Mo and B combination treatments were more beneficial for the soybean rhizosphere soil than that of Mo-only or the B-only treatments, which suggests that the two elements have complementary functions in the biological processes of the soybean rhizosphere.