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EN
Companies invest significant funds and devote time and energy to employee training and development programs. The purpose of this article is to analyze the tasks and roles that should be implemented by the managerial staff to support the process of training effect transfer by subordinates to the work environment.
PL
Celem artykułu jest określenie procedur oraz regulacji prawnych związanych z realizacją przedsięwzięć zakupowych w zależności od tego, czy realizuje je uczelnia publiczna, czy niepubliczna. Procesy doprowadzające do realizacji transakcji zakupowych w publicznych szkołach wyższych są złożone i wymagające dopełnienia wielu skomplikowanych procedur. Złożoność realizacji procedur prowadzi do tego, że organizacje należące do sektora publicznego są mało elastyczne i trudno im odpowiednio szybko odpowiadać na wyzwania zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne. W niepublicznych szkołach wyższych brak ścisłego reżimu w tym zakresie, powoduje, że zarządzający mogą utworzyć bardziej sprawnie funkcjonujące regulacje.
EN
The aim of this work is to determine the procedures and legal regulations connected with purchase decisions implementation depending on whether they are realized by public or private academies. The processes leading to purchase transactions in public higher education institutions are complex and demand fulfilling numerous complicated procedures. The intricacy of procedures implementation leads to the situation in which the organizations of public sector are not flexible enough and it is difficult for them to react quickly to external and internal challenges. In private higher education institutions there is no strict regime in this area. For that causes the management can establish regulations functioning more efficiently.
EN
Universities and colleges prepare financial plans that are their budgets, and are obliged to control the costs, revenues and financial results. This study presents the determinants of preparing reorganization programmes leading to financial balance in public higher education institutions. The authors examined public universities, divided into 10 groups according to the method used by Central Statistical Office in Poland. The paper presents analysis of costs, revenues and financial results of the universities for the years 2007–2011. The analysis of basic dimensions of the universities’ activeness, with special emphasis on the educational and scientific dimension as well as associated with the development of the economic/local community, revealed the problem of too high costs or achieving too low earnings. On one hand, this is probably due to too small expenditures on higher education, on the other hand, because of ineffective use of the university resources. If there is no strict supervision over the level of costs of basic tasks carried out by universities, introducing a recovery programme may, in the future, concern most public universities. It will happen if their core activity (mainly educational) is not brought to balance between revenue and costs.
EN
The efficiency of tranfer of maternal immunity and its infuence on the kids' health was observed in a herd in which kids (n=20) had whole contact with the dam (n=13). The factors associated with dam, kid and human, which influence the efficiency of passive transfer were observed. It was estimated that the single-born kids reached higher serum y-globulin level (mean 23.14 g/dm3) than twin kids (mean 18.2 g/ dm3) (p < 0.05). The y-globulin level was the highest in single-born kids at 48 h, and in twin kids in 24 h of life. The IgG class antibodies to herd-homologous strains of Pasteurella multocida and Escherichia coli were estimated using ELISA in sera, colostrum and milk whey samples of dams and sera of kids. It was found that maternal antibodies specific to these two facultative pathogens decreased in kids sera rapidly and the self humoral immune response occurred within the period of observation. Two kids delivered by goats with lowest hierarchic position in the herd showed failure of passive transfer, and died at the 10th and 12th weeks of life due to chronic infections induced by both above mentioned bacterial strains.
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