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The national security strategy is based on a holistic and systematic perception of the future. Strategic thinking requires rational and generative thought processes in formulating and conceptualizing long-term development trends and ensuring security. The text raises the attempt to find the relationship between strategic thinking and making effective strategic decisions.
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The article analyzes the provisions of the EU security strategy, with particular regard to the identified threats and proposed actions to reduce their negative impact. An attempt was also made to analyze the maritime safety strategy. The exploration allows us to conclude that the documents are much more complementary than the previous ones, which gives hope for an effective security policy.
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Psychological well-being is treated in psychology as a constitutive element of quality of life, expressed in a subjective aspect, determining the satisfaction of the individual with personal life, or also treated as a synonymous term. Most psychological theories focus on the subjective approach, in which quality of life is understood as psychological well-being units (Bartosz, Klebaniuk, 2006; Czapiński, 2008;, Derbis, 2000; Diener, Lucas, Oishi, 2008; veenhoven, 1996, 2005; Zalewska, 2003). In this perspective, various aspects of life are assessed from the perspective of the individual who performs the assessment process using their own individual criteria. Mental well-being indicates an individual experience of contentment and happiness in life. This assessment includes both cognitive judgments about the sense of satisfaction and fulfillment, as well as emotional responses to occurring events. In this sense, psychological well-being is a broad concept that enables people to make judgments about their lives, instead of relying on external quality assessments of their own lives.
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The loss of social- and self-proficiency of people who went through suicidal crisis should be a sufficient reason for creating and perfecting a consistent and effective suicidal prevention whereby we can bring the would-be suicides back biological, social and economic condition. For this purpose we have to concentrate on suicide motives. The already existing prevention system we can reproach that it is one-sided, i.e. is based only on medical treatment and neglects the psychological care. Symptomatic treatment, no interest in suicide motives and no support for suicides’ will to live are often behind any future suicide attempts.
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The aim of this article is to discuss social filiation of individual identity by presenting chosen theoretical trends in social sciences. Identity, often treated as an issue connected only to psychology, does not exist without its social dimension, which is exemplified by the attitude of an individual to prosocial actions. With regard to the multi-range specificness of responsibility, I will try to explain which components of the individual’s identity and which stages of personal development are key In this field. I am also interested in identity as a source of socially expected and accepted behaviour, especially protective actions.
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Content available Wypalenie zawodowe w zawodach wysokiego ryzyka
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EN
The broadly understood human functioning in the situation of professional work is the subject of interest in many fields of science. Nowadays, more and more often the attention of theoreticians and psychologists - researchers focuses on issues related to occupational burnout experienced in the workplace, ways of dealing with it and its consequences manifest in many spheres of human life. Particularly exposed - on the effects of professional burnout - by a social group are representatives of high-risk occupations. Analyzing the theoretical and empirical aspects of the impact of burnout on the functioning of people, an attempt was made to answer the question: What conclusions can be drawn in order to strengthen the welfare of members of disposable groups?
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Content available Terroryzm samobójczy w interpretacji islamu
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Most of the media reports and expert statements commenting the wave of terrorism concentrate their semantic on “Islamic terrorism”, especially “Islamic suicide attacks”. Although I am fully aware of the need to use mental shortcuts or generalizations, I would like to find the answer to the question: what explanation of suicide attacks does Islam provide? Islam condemns suicide a priori and suicide attacks bring shame to this religion, which identifies itself as a religion of peace, tolerance and love. At the same time Islam honours martyrs, thus, maybe contemporary terrorists are considered to be martyrs? Or maybe they are only a strategic tool of modern war tactic? What do the scholars of Islam say about it, how do they interpret terrorist attacks? Are their authors Muslim in terms of Koran? Does Koran differentiate between martyrs and terrorists? Suicide bombers do not treat themselves as victims. They treat themselves as martyrs whose deeds should motivate their brothers in faith to take action as well. They consider themselves to be martyrs, but Islam denies their martyrdom. However, religious rules are no longer valid in the face of war, not only the current one.
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Content available Główne postacie herezji XII i XIII wieku
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Heretic (gr. αἵρεσις – choice, purpose) movements are mentioned for the first time in the Catholics documents just a few centuries after Christ. They are related mostly to Manichaean movements which were created by Manes who believed that there are two elements in the world, Good and Evil who are still fighting with each other. Manichaeans rejected everything related to flesh and earth, but accepted only spiritual matters, because only those things were good in their opinion. It was a strong and very influential movement whose basic ideas became the fundamentals of many posterior philosophies, most of which were later deemed as heretic. An adjective ‘Manichaean’ became so negative over time that every new movement that wasn’t accepted by the Catholic Church was defined as ‘Manichean’.
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