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PL
Inspekcja Weterynaryjna i Państwowa Inspekcja Sanitarna to organy urzędowego nadzoru odpowiedzialne za sprawowanie nadzoru nad produkcją i wprowadzaniem do obrotu środków spożywczych. W artykule przedstawiono najważniejsze zadania obu inspekcji w odniesieniu do nadzoru sprawowanego nad podmiotami produkującymi żywność i wprowadzającymi ją do obrotu.
EN
Veterinary and sanitary inspections are the authorities which are responsible for food producers and retailers surveillance. The main tasks of both inspections and problems connected with such governmental surveillance are presented in this paper.
PL
W artykule omówiono najważniejsze systemy zarządzania jakością, które muszą lub mogą być wdrażane w przedsiębiorstwach sektora paszowego. Przepisy prawne nakazują wdrożenie systemu HACCP. Pozostałe systemy zarządzania jakością, takie jak: GMP+, ISO 9001, FAMI-QS, ISO 22000, mogą być wdrażane dobrowolnie.
EN
The most important popular quality management systems for the food industry have been presented in this paper. According to Polish and UE law, the implementation of the HACCP system (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) in the food industry is obligatory. The implementation of other quality management systems such as GMP+, ISO 9001, FAMI-QS, ISO 22000, is not required.
PL
W badaniach określono stopień zanieczyszczenia wybranych środków spożywczych pochodzenia zwierzęcego pałeczkami Salmonella i Listeria spp.
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the occurrence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. in food of animal origin. The investigations were carried out on homogeneous, vacuum-packed meat products, different dairy products and chicken carcasses from local market. Among examined 104 samples of vacuum-packed homogeneous sausages 2 strains of Listeria monocytogenes were isolated. It wasn't detected any listeria from 117 samples of dairy products. These bacteria were present in 35 samples of chicken carcasses among 60 which were examined and 11 of Listeria strains were defined as Listeria monocytogenes. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 33 chicken carcasses (55%). Among them the most numerous serotype was S. Enteritidis, isolated from 16 samples.
EN
The somatic cell count (SCC) is a commonly accepted index of udder health and for this reason the correct result of the measurement is so significant. The aim of the study was a comparison of the results of SCC measure in the milk from the same cows, obtained by electronic and microscopic (reference) method performed in two different laboratories. The samples measured in the university laboratory were delivered several hours after sampling and immediately investigated, but the parallel samples directed to the official milk laboratory had usually been examined two or three days later. The results of these examinations obtained in the official milk laboratory were higher in many cases (even by 1402.8%) in comparison to results obtained at the university laboratory. To additionally verify this variance of SCC, samples examined in the university laboratory had also been calculated using the reference (microscopic) method. The verification has confirmed a high percent of compatible results obtained in the university laboratory with both of the methods in contrast to their considerable divergence in the official laboratory. The reason of these divergences is probably the different lapse of time between sampling and examination in both of the laboratories.
EN
Animals are important reservoir of Listeria monocytogenes, a pathogen causing serious infections in both humans and livestock. However, data on invasiveness of L. monocytogenes strains of animal origin is very scarce. Ability of 18 L. monocytogenes strains of animal origin to invade HT- 9 cells was investigated. Plaque forming assay was used to assess invasiveness and ability of the pathogen to spread in the cell line. Almost 40% of L. monocytogenes strains were weakly invasive. It was shown that strains from serogroup 4b exhibited the highest invasiveness, whereas serogroup 1/2b consisted of strains of invasiveness below 0.0001%. Analysis of translated inlA and inlB gene sequences revealed no premature stop codons. Lineage-specific mutations in low invasive strains were identified within inlA and inlB sequences. Our results demonstrate high incidence of low invasive animal L. Monocytogenes strains, which may be at least partly explained by unique point mutations in the InlA and InlB.
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