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1 Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

2 Thiel-Jańczuk K.

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Du héros à la victime : l’apocalypse selon Michel Houellebecq

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Thiel-Jańczuk K.

nr 4

109-123

The paper proposes an interpretation of Michel Houellebecq’s work in the perspective of heroism and victimization, two fundamental, according to J.-M. Apostolidès, categories of the western civilization. Referring those categories to Houellebecq’s discussion with contemporary individualism and its crisis, announced by the French intellectualists and called penseurs’68 by L. Ferry and A. Renaut, the author of the paper shows the presence of post-heroic utopias which are manifestations of humanism reduced to individual and trivial happiness in Houellebecq’s work. In this context, Houellebecq’s work appears to be a form of resistance against the fall of the great heroic tradition. Heroism and victimization enable to associate Houellebecq’s work with the predicament of the retour du sujet (return of the subject) through an ethic of the sacrifice as well as a game with Roland Barthes’ concept of the death of the author.

«Joumal du dehors» et «La vie extérieure» d'Annie Ernaux: l'engagement au quotidien

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Thiel-Jańczuk K.

tom 30

219-234

The article «"Journal du dehors» et «La vie extérieure» d'Annie Ernaux: l'engagement au quotidien" is an analysis of Ernaux's two texts within P. Bourdieu's sociological perspective. Taking an observation of the surrounding reality, where the narrative "I" is situated, as a starting point, Ernaux distinguishes two types of everyday situations: rituals and individual activities. The former shape mass behaviour which is governed by the political and economic system, whereas the latter - labelled by M. de Certeau as «pratiques subversives» - subconsciously go beyond the norm-established behaviour. Both types belong to popular culture and concern people who are dominated (domines). Taking their side, both word and deed, Ernaux defies the conventional structures she is entangled in by the mere fact of being a writer. Ernaux expresses this defiance in two ways. First, by rejecting the elitist notion of creator, second, through abandoning memory as a source of writing, by resigning from the genre of novel in favour of texts which deal with the synchronic movement of the narrative "I" in the world.