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Support (= Light) Verbs

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Mel'čuk I.

Neophilologica

2022

tom 34

1-30

The paper proposes a formal definition of support verb as (roughly) a semantically empty verb serving as a syntactic “prop” to a predicative noun such that the phrase V(support)(N) + N is synonymous with the verb V0 derived form N: ‘V(support)(N) + N’ = ‘V0(N)’, as in ‘to give an order’ = ‘to order’ or ‘to receive an order’ = ‘to be ordered’. The following points are discussed: support verbs as collocates, representation of support verbs in terms of lexical functions, semantic and syntactic properties of support verbs, semantic additions to support verbs (in particular, causation and phasic meanings), realization verbs, and the role of support verbs in theoretical and applied linguistics.

Russian Free Phrasal Indefinite Pronouns

100%

Mel'čuk I.

Neophilologica

2023

tom 35

1-28

The paper describes Russian phrasal indefinite pronouns: both 1) phraseologized (= collocational), such as koe-kto ≈ ‘someone’, Bog znaet kto ‘God knows who’, kto ugodno ‘whoever’ or kto by to ni bylo ‘no matter who’, and 2) free, such as {Ja vstretil} nikto iz tvoix druzej ne dogadaetsja kogo ‘{I met} none of your friends will guess whom’ (a.k.a. syntactic amalgams). Three lexical entries are presented: for the indefinite pronominal lexeme kto1 ≈ ‘-body; -one’, for the premodifying indefiniteness type marker idiom ˹Bog znaet˺ ‘God knows’, and for the postmodifying indefiniteness type marker particle -to4 ≈ ‘some’. Formal representations of collocational and free phrasal indefinite pronouns at three levels of linguistic representation (semantic, deep-syntactic and surface-syntactic) are given, as well as rules for constructing both types of pronouns.

Clichés and pragmatemes

100%

Mel’čuk I.

Neophilologica

2020

tom 32

9-20

In order to properly classify the phraseme (that is, a constrained, or non-free, expression) No parking, a universal typology of lexical phrasemes is proposed. It is based on the following two parameters:• The nature of constraints- Lexemic phrasemes: the expression is constrained with respect to freely constructed meaning.- Semantic-lexemic phrasemes: the expression is constrained/non-constrained with respect to the meaning constrained by the conceptual representation.- Pragmatemes: the expression is constrained with respect to pragmatic conditions, that is, to the extralinguistic situation of its use (in a letter, on a street sign, on a package of perishable food).• The compositionalityThe expression can/cannot be represented as regular “sum” of its components.As a result, we have, firstly, the following major classes of lexical phrasemes:1) Non-compositional lexemic phrasemes: idioms (˹cold feet˺, ˹shoot the breeze˺)2) Compositional lexemic phrasemes: collocations (rain heavily, pay a visit)3) Non-compositional semantic-lexemic phrasemes: nominemes (Big Dipper, New South Wales)4) Compositional semantic-lexemic phrasemes: clichés (See you tomorrow! | Absence makes the heart grow fonder.)For clichés, the least-studied class of phrasemes, a more detailed classification is proposed (as a function of the type of their denotation). Secondly, each phraseme (except a nomineme) and each lexemes can be pragmatically constrained, i.e. a pragmateme: ˹Fall out!˺ (idiom; a military command) | Take aim! (collocation; a military command) | Emphasis mine/added (cliché; in a printed text) | Rest! (lexeme; a military command).