Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Assessment of the feasibility of determining the volume fraction and characteristics of the size, shape and distribution of γ’ phase precipitates in nickel-based superalloys

Szczotok Agnieszka

Technical Transactions

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2023

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Vol. 120, iss. 1

art. no. e2023011

EN

This overview presents a comprehensive exploration of the research methodsemployed for the precise assessment of volume fraction and the detailedcharacterisation of the size, shape and distribution of γ' phase precipitates withinNi-based superalloys. These advanced materials exhibit exceptional mechanicalproperties due to the presence of γ' precipitates. The accurate quantification ofprecipitate parameters is crucial for understanding material behaviour and forthe optimisation of alloy design. In this overview, a spectrum of techniques,including microscopy (SEM, TEM), diffraction (XRD), spectroscopy (EDS, EELS)and advanced imaging (3D-APT, STEM-HAADF, FIB-SEM) is discussed. Strengths,limitations and potential synergies among these methods are highlighted, offeringresearchers a comprehensive toolbox to advance their investigations of γ' phaseprecipitates in Ni-based superalloys.

2

Managing the distribution process with an example of the FMCG market

Kabus Judyta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 160

275--286

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present the problems and challenges faced by organisation of distribution logistics with a selected example. Comparing the company to the competition and focusing on the problems and challenges faced by the studied enterprise on the market of fast-moving consumer goods. Design/methodology/approach: The subject of the study is the evaluation of distribution channels of the selected enterprise through the analytical and point method. Findings: The obtained results, thanks to the use of the analytical-point method and the efficiency index of distribution channels, indicate that for the surveyed enterprise, Eurocash distribution channels are not sufficiently effective. The indicator of distribution costs in sales compared to the competition is the highest. Several factors had an impact on such results. Research limitations/implications: However, the issues presented in the paper regarding the problems and challenges of distribution organization cannot be considered as exhaustive, because the discussed topics constitute a multifaceted and interdisciplinary research area. The study would be more complete if the management of distribution logistics on the FMCG market were presented based on the changes caused by the Sars-Cov-19 pandemic. Practical implications: The conducted research draws attention to the effectiveness of distribution channels on the FMCG market. The article may be useful for enterprises providing services in this business sector. Social implications: The article shows the importance of making decisions in the area of distribution processes that significantly affect the entire supply chain, and thus customer service. The use of optimal distribution channels affects the efficiency of logistics services, contributing to an improvement in the quality of service provided to the final recipient and the competitiveness of the company on the FMCG market. Originality/value: The work is addressed to entrepreneurs operating in the FMCG industry. As well as all those interested in the subject of logistics, management and distribution on the market of fast-moving consumer goods.

3

Choosing a supplier of fuels and energy in large-format retail enterprises

Jedynak Zdzisław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 158

243--255

EN

Purpose: The overriding goal of the considerations is to indicate the assumptions and rule for the implementation of the procedure leading to the appointment of an appropriate fuel and energy supplier in large-format enterprises (L-FE), to the extent necessary to improve economic results. The choice will take into account both the size and structure of the resources that are at the disposal of the enterprise and the environmental conditions. The practical goal will be to develop a concept for the implementation of the procedure for the evaluation and selection of a supplier of energy carriers for the needs of a commercial entity. Design/methodology/approach: The research procedure will run through the following stages: 1. Presentation of the theoretical foundations by discussing concepts related to the functioning of the fuel and energy economy as well as indicating the methods and criteria for selecting a supplier. The research method used will be a review of the literature on the subject. 2. Recognition of the L-FE decision situation through the analysis of the subjective, objective and process structure. The research method used will be direct observation with participation. The observation will be carried out in four commercial networks (in total seven enterprises). 3. Setting the assumptions for the implementation of the procedure for the evaluation and selection of the supplier of energy carriers in L-FE. At this stage, the purpose of the procedure, its essence, stages and tasks of implementation as well as the procedure will be indicated. Responsible persons and contractors will be appointed. The evaluation criteria as well as the applicable entry and exit documents will be proposed. The research method used will be the expert method. Findings: The added value of the article is the answer to the question: how is the process of assessing and selecting the supplier of energy carriers in L-FE? The work indicates its goal, stages and tasks of implementation, applicable documents, methods of proceeding and evaluation criteria. The proposed solution contains practical guidelines. Should be noted that the adopted scheme of conduct and the method of its application in a trading enterprise creates the possibility of transferring the developed solutions to other economic systems. Originality/value: In this article, the actions taken have been focused on areas that have and will have an impact on reducing the costs of the company's operation and, consequently, on improving their competitive position on the market.

4

Punkty widokowe jako dystrybutory kulturowych usług ekosystemowych. Studium przypadku Kazimierza Dolnego nad Wisłą

Michalik-Śnieżek Malwina, Lipińska Halina, Kułak Agnieszka, Wyłupek Teresa

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2022

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nr 47 (1)

21--39

PL

Kulturowe usługi ekosystemowe (ang. CES- Cultural Ecosystem Services), to usługi świadczone przez ekosystemy i krajobrazy, które cechują się wartościami niematerialnymi. Usługi te nie byłyby „konsumowane”, gdyby w przestrzeni nie funkcjonowały obiekty przekazujące te usługi od producentów (ekosystemów, krajobrazów) do odbiorców (człowieka). Takimi dystrybutorami CES są punkty widokowe. Celem pracy jest określenie klas CES podlegających dystrybucji za pośrednictwem punktów widokowych oraz wskazanie klas cieszących się największym zainteresowaniem wśród odbiorców. Badania prowadzono na terenie miasta Kazimierz Dolny. Wyniki pokazują, że badane punkty widokowe mają w swojej ofercie szeroki wachlarz CES, jednak popyt na te usługi jest znaczenie węższy i uzależniony od położenia i promocji punktu. Wyniki pokazały także, że płatne punkty widokowe charakteryzują się podobnie szeroką ofertą CES jak punkty bezpłatne.

EN

Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) refer to services provided by ecosystems and landscapes that have non-material values. These services would not be „consumed” if there were no objects in the environment that transmit these services from produ-cers (ecosystems, landscapes) to recipients (humans). Such distributors of CES are viewpoints. The purpose of this work is to determine the classes of CES that are provided through viewpoints and to indicate the classes that are most popular among recipients. The research was conducted in the town of Kazimierz Dolny. The results show that the viewpoints in the study area offer a broad range of CES, but the demand for these services is much smaller and depends on the location and promotion of the viewpoint. The results also showed that pay-to-enter viewpoints have a similarly broad CES offer as those that are free of charge.

5

RFID – jak inwestuje jedna z największych polskich firm

Sieć Badawcza ŁUKASIEWICZ – Instytut Logistyki i Magazynowania

Logistyka

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2022

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nr 1

64--65

PL

Na przestrzeni trzech minionych dekad, pochodząca z Polski firma LPP, dynamicznie sie rozwijała i dalej kontynuuje ekspansję. Tylko w ostatnich kilku latach poszerzyła swój zasięg działania, wykraczając poza swoje dotychczasowe rynki w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej. Marki takie jak Reserved, Cropp, House, Mohito i Sinsay pojawiają się juz w ponad 2000 miejsc, w sklepach zlokalizowanych na głównych ulicach, retail parkach i w centrach handlowych w prawie 40 krajach. Taka ekspansja przekłada sie na zwiększone obciążenie i presję na łańcuchy dostaw oraz sieci dystrubucyjne. Firma musiała znaleźć roziwązania, które pozwolą jej skutecznie zarządzać całą logistyką - od produkcji, poprzez dystrybucję, aż po dostępność poszczególnego asortymentu w każdym z salonów sprzedaży.

6

Branża logistyczna jest otwarta na innowacyjne myślenie

Koralewski Michał, Cawston Richard

Logistyka

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2022

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nr 1

55--58

PL

O nowoczesnych technologiach, które czynią logistykę bezpieczniejszą, szybszą i bardziej zrównoważoną rozmawiamy z Richardem Cawstonem, Prezesem GXO w Europie.

7

A combination K-means clustering and 2-opt algorithm for solving the two echelon e-commerce logistic distribution

Zuhanda Muhammad Khahfi, Suwilo Saib, Sitompul Opim, Mardiningsih Mardiningsih

LogForum

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2022

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Vol. 18, no. 2

213--225

EN

Background: The rise of e-commerce in the community makes competition between logistics companies increasingly tight. Every e-commerce application offers the convenience and choices needed by the community. The Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem (2E-VRP) model has been widely developed in recent years. 2E-VRP makes it possible for customers to combine shipments from several different stores due to satellites in their distribution stream. The aim of this paper is to optimize a two-echelon logistics distribution network for package delivery on e-commerce platforms, where vans operate in the first echelon and motorcycles operate in the second echelon. The problem is formulated as 2E-VRP, where total travel costs and fuel consumption are minimized. This optimization is based on determining the flow in each echelon and choosing the optimal routing solution for vans and motorcycles. Methods: This paper proposes a combination of the K-means Clustering Algorithm and the 2-opt Algorithm to solve the optimization problem. Many previous studies have used the K-means algorithm to help streamline the search for solutions. In the solution series, clustering is carried out between the satellite and the customer in the first echelon using the K-means algorithm. To determine the optimal k-cluster, we analyzed it using the silhouette, gap statistic, and elbow methods. Furthermore, the routing at each echelon is solved by the 2-opt heuristic method. At the end of the article, we present testing of several instances with the different number of clusters. The study results indicate an influence on the determination of the number of clusters in minimizing the objective function. Results: This paper looks at 100 customers, 10 satellites, and 1 depot. By working in two stages, the first stage is the resolution of satellite and customer problems, and the second stage is the resolution of problems between the satellite and the depots. We compare distance and cost solutions with a different number of k-clusters. From the test results, the number of k-clusters shows an effect of number and distance on the solution. Conclusions: In the 2E-VRP model, determining the location of the cluster between the satellite and the customer is very important in preparing the delivery schedule in logistics distribution within the city. The benefit is that the vehicle can divide the destination according to the location characteristics of the satellite and the customer, although setting the how many clusters do not guarantee obtaining the optimal distance. And the test results also show that the more satellites there are, the higher the shipping costs. For further research, we will try to complete the model with the metaheuristic genetic algorithm method and compare it with the 2-opt heuristic method.

8

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Surface Water of the Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc Rivers, Vietnam

Thieu Van Vu Duc, Dinh Thi Thu Huong, Nguyen Thi Truc Thao, Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi, Nguyen Binh An, Pham Anh-Duc

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2022

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no. 2

85--90

EN

Heavy metals are a pressing concern in terms of their pollution in aquatic ecosystems because of their persistence, environmental toxicity, bioaccumulation. Aquatic environments receive heavy metals in untreated or inadequately treated wastewater from domestic, industrial, agricultural, and navigation sources. The Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc Rivers play the key roles of irrigation, navigation and ecological restoration. It is crucial to ascertain the pollution status, influencing factors, ecological risks, and possible sources of heavy metals in the surface water of the Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc Rivers. In this study, surface water from 7 sampling sites over was collected from the Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc Rivers, over 7 consecutive periods from April 2019 to October 2021. Each surface sample was analyzed for 9 heavy metals including Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, As. The sampling technique and sample treatment were done based on the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. The time and space variation of heavy metal concentrations were examined to test the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation among all the parameters using R statistical software. The results suggest a spatial homogeneity of heavy metals in the surface water the studied rivers. Among all nine examined heavy metals in the studied area, the concentrations of Fe (1.00 ÷ 5.06 mg/L) and Mn (0.14 ÷ 0.28 mg/L) are the highest, and the concentrations of Cr, Cd and As are the lowest that lower limit of detection. The results suggested that the mean concentrations of Fe and Mn were above the acceptable limits of the National technical regulation on surface water quality (QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT). While the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni do not meet the Water quality criteria for aquatic life (United State Environmental Protection Agency). Anthropogenic activities can be the main source of heavy metals in in the surface water of the Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc Rivers. Among the heavy metals, a significant positive correlation was observed between Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni (0.64 ÷ 0.87), whereas Cu exhibited a significant positive correlation with Ni (0.51). While Cu and Pb showed a not too strong correlation with Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni (0.25 ÷ 0.48). The distribution of heavy metals may also be influenced by properties of heavy metals and fluctuations in water flows. The results provide guidance for controlling heavry metal pollution and protectting water sources in the Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc Rivers.

PL

Metale ciężkie stanowią palący problem zanieczyszczenia w ekosystemach wodnych ze względu na ich trwałość, toksyczność dla środowiska i bioakumulację. Środowiska wodne sa zasilane w metale ciężkie z nieoczyszczonych lub nieodpowiednio oczyszczonych ścieków ze źródeł domowych, przemysłowych, rolniczych i żeglugowych. Rzeki Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc odgrywają kluczową rolę w nawadnianiu terenów, transporcie odnym i odbudowie ekologicznej. Kluczowe znaczenie ma ustalenie stanu zanieczyszczenia, czynników wpływających, zagrożeń ekologicznych i możliwych źródeł metali ciężkich w wodach powierzchniowych rzek Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania wód powierzchniowych, próbki pobrano z 7 punktów pomiarowych z rzek Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc przez 7 kolejnych okresów od kwietnia 2019 r. do października 2021 r. Każda próbka została przeanalizowana pod kątem zawartości 9 metali ciężkich: Fe, Mn, Cr , Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, As. Metodyka pobierania próbek i obróbki próbek zostały opracowane w oparciu o Standardowe Metody Badania Wód i Ścieków. Zbadano zmienność w czasie i przestrzeni stężeń metali ciężkich, do analizyy wyników wykorzystano analizę wariancji (ANOVA) i korelacji między wszystkimi parametrami przy użyciu oprogramowania statystycznego. Wyniki sugerują przestrzenną jednorodność zawartości metali ciężkich w wodach powierzchniowych badanych rzek. Spośród wszystkich dziewięciu badanych metali ciężkich w badanym terenie najwyższe są stężenia Fe (1,00 ÷ 5,06 mg/L) i Mn (0,14 ÷ 0,28 mg/L), a najniższe Cr, Cd i As (wartości odpowiadające dolnej granicy wykrywalności). Wyniki wskazują, że średnie stężenia Fe i Mn były powyżej dopuszczalnych limitów, opisanych w krajowych normach dotyczących jakości wód powierzchniowych (QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT). Natomiast stężenia Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni nie spełniają kryteriów jakości wody dla organizmów wodnych (Agencja Ochrony Środowiska Stanów Zjednoczonych). Działalność antropogeniczna może być głównym źródłem metali ciężkich w wodach powierzchniowych rzek Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc. Wśród metali ciężkich zaobserwowano istotną dodatnią korelację między zawartością Fe, Mn, Zn i Ni (0,64 ÷ 0,87), natomiast Cu wykazywała istotną dodatnią korelację z Ni (0,51). Zawartości Cu i Pb wykazywały niezbyt silną korelację z Fe, Mn, Zn i Ni (0,25 ÷ 0,48). Na rozmieszczenie metali ciężkich mogą mieć również wpływ właściwości metali ciężkich oraz wahania przepływów wody. Wyniki dostarczają wskazówek dotyczących kontrolowania zanieczyszczenia metalami ciężkimi i ochrony źródeł wody w rzekach Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc.

9

Features of the offer in the distribution area. Comparative analysis on the example of dairy cooperatives in the Małopolskie and Świętokrzyskie voivodeships

Konieczna Izabela

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 150

69--80

EN

Purpose: The first purpose of this article is to identify and compare the validity of features of the offer for the customer in the area of distribution from the point of view of dairy cooperatives from Poland from the Świętokrzyskie and Małopolskie provinces, which are adjacent to each other. Design/methodology/approach: Direct interviews using a questionnaire survey were conducted among representatives of cooperatives representing 41% of the population, which resulted from the willingness to participate in the survey. Findings: The analysis of the research results, taking into account the mean for all customers, show that the indicated features of the offer for the customer in the distribution area were considered by cooperatives from both provinces as very important (there was only one feature that was not indicated by all cooperatives). Originality/value: The comparison of the validity of features of the offer for the customer in the area of distribution of selected cooperatives from two different voivodeships.

10

Review on techniques of optimal placement and sizing of DG in distribution systems

Vemula Veeraraghavulu, Vanitha R.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2021

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R. 97, nr 12

1--6

EN

Distributed generation (DG)is a term describing the generation of the electricity use on other side rather than transmitting energy over the electric grid. By using this (Distribution generation) DG in power system plays a major role in improving voltage profile, reduce the power losses and improves stability of the substation. Distribution generations (DG) are located near to load centres, so care should be taken while allocating DG in the power system to increases the benefits. By placing the distributed generators in the distribution system (primary distribution system) the real, reactive power and improving the voltage profile can be managed in optimal way will be explained in this paper. Optimal Allocation of the DG is identified by using the using the VSI, ratings are computed by using the different optimal techniques. The power loss reduction and better voltage regulation can be attained by using the optimal techniques. A clear and complete analysis of performance should be carried throughout the work to demonstrate the efficiency of the system.

PL

Generacja rozproszona (DG) to termin opisujący wytwarzanie energii elektrycznej po drugiej stronie, a nie przesyłanie energii przez sieć elektryczną. Dzięki zastosowaniu tego (Generacja dystrybucyjna) DG w systemie elektroenergetycznym odgrywa główną rolę w poprawie profilu napięcia, zmniejszeniu strat mocy i poprawie stabilności podstacji. Generacje dystrybucyjne (DG) znajdują się w pobliżu centrów obciążenia, dlatego należy zachować ostrożność podczas przydzielania DG w systemie elektroenergetycznym, aby zwiększyć korzyści. Poprzez umieszczenie rozproszonych generatorów w systemie dystrybucyjnym (pierwotny system dystrybucyjny) w niniejszym artykule zostanie wyjaśniona rzeczywista moc bierna i poprawa profilu napięcia. Optymalna alokacja DG jest identyfikowana przy użyciu VSI, oceny są obliczane przy użyciu różnych optymalnych technik. Zmniejszenie strat mocy i lepszą regulację napięcia można osiągnąć przy użyciu optymalnych technik. W trakcie prac należy przeprowadzić jasną i kompletną analizę wydajności, aby wykazać skuteczność systemu.

11

Wraz ze wzrostem handlu i dystrybucji rosną wskaźniki logistyki zwrotów i odzysku

Jeszka Anna Maria, Mincewicz Janusz

Logistyka

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2021

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nr 4

12--15

PL

Logistyka odzysku ma szczególnie coraz większe znaczenie w krajach uprzemysłowionych. To efekt nadpodaży produktów codziennego użytku, krótsze cykle życie produktów, zmieniająca się moda, rozwój opakowalnictwa, nadmierny konsumpcjonizm, handel internetowy. To powoduje, że logistyka odzysku rozwija się w szybkim tempie.

12

Exploring the process of aqua logistics in the Malaysian aquaculture industry - a qualitative study

Aziz Zuraimi Abdul, Hussin Nik Syuhailah Nik, Aziz Nurul Ashykin Abd, Latif Mohd Nasrulddin Abd

LogForum

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2021

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Vol. 17, no. 2

287--298

EN

Background: The production of freshwater aquaculture fish has developed quickly and being important activity. An intensive logistics system is required to handle the shipment since the aquaculture products especially aquaculture fish are perishable. The process begins right after fish farming to final consumption. It involves a large number of stakeholders as the significant effort is required to build an efficient supply chain. However, little is known about process faced by the Malaysian aquaculture entrepreneurs during the aqua logistics activities. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap by exploring this phenomenon. Methods: For methodology part, a series of 12 aquaculture companies through focus group discussion (FGD) with the entrepreneurs were done across aqua logistic business. This was done to explore the topic and refine the research questions. Results: The present study discovers that there were linkages along the value chain of aqua logistics in aquaculture industry, which provides a specific recommendation to stakeholders in managing day-to-day logistics operations. Also, the findings show four main process emerging from the qualitative study, which led to the following themes, namely: [i] procurement; [ii] production; [iii] order fulfillment; and [iv] transport and distribution. Conclusion: The adopted qualitative methodology provided rich information that will lead the future research. In brief, this study has contributed new knowledge to the existing literature in aqua logistics and will benefit the future studies.

PL

Wstęp: Produkcja ryb słodkowodnych rozwija się szybko i zyskuje coraz większe znaczenie. Intensywny system logistyczna wymaga dobrej obsługi dostaw ze względu na łatwą podatność na psucie się oferowanych produktów. Proces zaczyna się od momentu połowu aż do dostawy do końcowego konsumenta. Obejmuje swoim zasięgiem wielu uczestników, budujących wydajny łańcuch dostaw. Aczkolwiek nadal jest mało dostępnej wiedzy na temat procesu realizowanego przez malezyjskich przedsiębiorców tej branż podczas czynności w obrębie całego łańcucha logistycznego. Celem pracy jest pogłębienie i rozszerzenie wiedzy w tym obszarze. Metody: Do badania wykorzystano grupy fokusowe 12 przedsiębiorstw związanych z badaną działalnością w celu analizy problemu. Wyniki: Prezentowane badania wykazały powiązania wartościowe pomiędzy uczestnikami łańcucha dostaw w obrębie aqua-przemysłu, które dostarczają specyficznych rekomendacji uczestnikom łańcucha w codziennych operacjach logistycznych. Dodatkowo wyodrębniono cztery główne procesy związane z następującymi obszarami: zakupy, produkcja, realizacja zamówień oraz transport i dystrybucja. Wnioski: Zastosowana metodologia jakościowa dostarczyła obfitej informacji, które będzie wykorzystana w kolejnych pracach. Rozszerza ona istniejący stan wiedzy na temat aqua-logistyki i stanowi bazę dla przyszłych badań.

13

Stress Distribution Around Mechanized Longwall Face at Deep Mining in Quang Ninh Underground Coal Mine

Bui Manh Tung, Le Tien Dung, Vo Trong Hung

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2021

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no. 2

167--176

EN

Quang Ninh underground coal mines are currently in the phase of finishing up the mineral reserves located near the surface. Also, in this phase, a number of coal mines have opened and prepared new mine sites for the extraction of the reserves at greater depth. Several mines have mined at -350 m depth and are driving opening excavations at -500 m depth below sea level. The mining at greater depth faces many difficulties, such as a significant increase in support and excavation pressures. The longwall face pressure is mostly manifested in great magnitude that causes support overloaded and jumped and face spall/roof fall. This paper, based on the geological condition of the Seam 11 Ha Lam coal mine, uses the numerical program UDEC for studying the impact of mining depth on stress distribution around the longwall face. The results show that the deeper the mining is, the greater the plastic deformation zone is. The peak front abutment stress moves closer to the coal wall, mainly concentrating on the immediate roof and top coal. The top coal is greatly broken, and its bearing capacity is decreased. Some solutions to the stability of roof strata are proposed, and a proper working resistance of support is determined. Additionally, the paper suggests that the starting depth for deep mining in Quang Ninh underground coal mines should be -350 m below sea level.

14

Research and Solution Proposals to Optimize Distribution Power Grids in Smart Grid Condition

Pham Trung Son, Nguyen Dinh Tien, Nguyen Quang Thuan, Dang Quang Khoa

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2021

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no. 2

479--486

EN

Smart Grid is a concept for transforming the electric power grid by using advanced automatic control and communications techniques and other forms of information technology. It integrates innovative tools and technologies from: generation, transmission and distribution. This also includes consumer appliances and equipment. This concept integrates energy infrastructure, processes, devices, information and markets into a coordinated and collaborative process. All allowing energy to be generated, distributed and consumed flexibly and efficiently. However, the Smart Grid with the integration of distributed generation itself also creates a several disadvantages. There can be problems with: stability and reliability, relay protection, isolation and operational isolation in which the problem is to create a burden on the distribution grid when transmitting electrical energy sources. Optimizing power flow and bringing high operating efficiency on Smart Grid conditions is an urgent issue. This paper focuses on researching and proposing solutions for optimal calculation of power flow on Smart Grid. The paper has researched, and analyzed calculation solutions to optimize power flow and proposed to use the Lagrange multiplier method. The study performed calculations for a typical Smart Grid model with three distributed generations. Calculation results have shown that the role of the method is to fully perform the optimal calculation of the power flow on the grid. This is in order to reduce power loss and energy loss as well as increasing operational efficiency while improving power quality in Smart Grid conditions.

15

Poly(sebacic anhydride) microparticles loaded with curcumin for pulmonary purposes

Kwiecień Konrad, Reczyńska-Kolman Katarzyna, Niewolik Daria, Jaszcz Katarzyna, Pamuła Elżbieta

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2021

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Vol. 24, no. 162

7--12

EN

Microparticles (MPs) made of fast biodegrading biomaterials, loaded with drugs, are considered a superior treatment method for pulmonary infections. One of the promising biomaterials for obtaining such a drug delivery system (DDS) is poly(sebacic anhydride) (PSA) due to its favourable degradation kinetics and mechanism. In this paper, we present a study of manufacturing MPs from PSA loaded with curcumin (CU) for pulmonary purposes. MPs were manufactured by oil-in-water emulsification; their morphology and size distribution were evaluated using optical microscopy, while the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were obtained by the fluorometric assay. The cytotoxicity of the MPs, both the empty ones and loaded with CU, was analysed by in vitro tests with BEAS-2B human lung epithelial cells. To this end, metabolic activity by AlamarBlue assay and fluorescent staining (DAPI/ eosin) of the cells were performed. The MPs produced were round, regular in shape with diameters in the range of 1-5 µm and of yellow colour originating from CU. The CU encapsulation efficiency ranged from 42% to 55% and decreased with a higher CU ratio. The drug loading ranged from 4% to 11% and increased at a higher CU ratio. Both empty and CU-loaded MPs did not show a cytotoxic effect at concentrations up to 10 µg/ml.

16

Energetyczne liczniki z wysokim IQ

Kowalczyk Artur

Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego

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2021

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nr 11

28--30

PL

Już wkrótce wszystkie budynki, także te komunalne, wyposażane będą w najnowsze rozwiązanie, czyli inteligentne liczniki energetyczne, a ich stosowanie stanie się obowiązkiem prawnym. Ta zmiana wiązać się będzie prawdopodobnie z nieprzeciętnymi korzyściami – tak dla odbiorców energii, jak i dla jej dystrybutorów.

17

Design optimization for the weight reduction of 2-cylinder reciprocating compressor crankshaft

Arshad Ali, Cong Pengbo, Elsayed Elmenshawy Adham Ahmed Awad, Blumbergs Ilmārs

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

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2021

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LXVIII, nr 4

449--471

EN

This study aims to optimize the 2-cylinder in-line reciprocating compressor crankshaft. As the crankshaft is considered the "bulkiest" component of the reciprocating compressor, its weight reduction is the focus of current research for improved performance and lower cost. Therefore, achieving a lightweight crankshaft without compromising the mechanical properties is the core objective of this study. Computational analysis for the crankshaft design optimization was performed in the following steps: kinematic analysis, static analysis, fatigue analysis, topology analysis, and dynamic modal analysis. Material retention by employing topology optimization resulted in a significant amount of weight reduction. A weight reduction of approximately 13% of the original crankshaft was achieved. At the same time, design optimization results demonstrate improvement in the mechanical properties due to better stress concentration and distribution on the crankshaft. In addition, material retention would also contribute to the material cost reduction of the crankshaft. The exact 3D model of the optimized crankshaft with complete design features is the main outcome of this research. The optimization and stress analysis methodology developed in this study can be used in broader fields such as reciprocating compressors/engines, structures, piping, and aerospace industries.

18

Using lean manufacturing tools to improve logistics processes - case study

Zasadzień Michał

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 142

129--151

EN

Purpose: The aim of the presented investigations was to explore the possibilities of the effective use of the 8D method to improve the merchandise distribution processes. Design/methodology/approach: The application of the 8D method involved the use of support tools, such as 5Why or ABC. These tools helped to identify and categorize problems involved in the distribution of goods. Next, major problems and their causes were identified. The 8D method enabled establishing improvement, corrective and remedial actions. The last stage of the analysis was verifying the effectiveness of the implemented actions, which proved that the application of the 8D method to improve distribution processes was justified. Findings: The 8D method turned out to be an effective tool for solving problems identified in the distribution process, which proves its effective transfer from the automotive industry. Research limitations/implications: The correct use of the 8D method, which guarantees obtaining reliable and useful results, is only possible if an interdisciplinary research team is appointed. Such a team should consist of a leader and specialists from organizational units responsible for the process correctness. Small and medium-size companies may have insufficient resources to conduct investigations and analyses in a proper way. Practical implications: The discussed case study proves that it is possible to use advanced management methods in the company. Creating an efficient and experienced team should result in developing an effective mechanism for identifying the causes and solving problems in the company’s logistic processes. Originality/value: An original solution is implementation of the 8D method from the automotive industry to improve logistic processes.

19

Application of the chosen multi-criteria decision-making methods to identify the autonomous train system supplier

Stopka Ondrej, Stopková Mária, Lupták Vladimír, Krile Srećko

Transport Problems

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2020

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T. 15, z. 2

45--57

EN

This paper addresses an application of the specific methods of multi-criteria decision analysis to specify the appropriate supplier of an autonomous train in a certain production–distribution company. This company identifies three potential suppliers dealing with the development and purchase of autonomous train systems. In terms of the multi-criteria decision analysis, the WSA method, the Scoring method and the TOPSIS method were used to define a suitable compromise solution. To apply each method, individual suppliers were sorted depending on the appropriateness for the examined company based on relevance with all the identified criteria and their weights. The evaluation criteria include procurement cost, time of the whole autonomous train system project implementation, references from plants where such a technology has already been introduced, service department availability and battery charge time. Thereafter, the outcomes obtained using individual methods were compared to each other and the compromise supplier of the autonomous train system to be implemented in the selected company was determined.

20

Safety of imported machines - selected issues in the context of Polish (UE) regulation

Kielesińska Agata

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2020

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Vol. 2, nr 1

174--182

EN

The purpose of the paper is to present the issues of ensuring the safety of machinery and equipment in accordance with the requirements of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC of May 17, 2006 on the essential requirements for machines, with regard to the sphere of their import and distribution. This issue is related to the dynamically developing trade in cheaper new machines, mainly from countries outside the EEA (including China) and is a priority for ensuring safety and protecting the health and life of users of this type of equipment in accordance with EU regulations. The use of a variety of machines in industry, in addition to general safety requirements, which may also include quality criteria, care for the environment and industry-specific safety management requirements (e.g. food, automotive, medical devices).