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Heating and cooling degree-days vs climate change in years 1979-2021. Evidence from the European Union and Norway

Pangsy-Kania Sylwia, Biegańska Justyna, Flouros Floros, Sokół Aneta

Economics and Environment

2024

no. 1

art. no. 619

Energy consumption depends strongly on weather conditions. Thus, to formulate energy-related policy goals, it is crucial to monitor changes related to the heating degree days (HDD) and cooling degree days (CDD) – widely applied indicators of climate change. The study investigated the impact that climate change (global warming) exerted on the number of HDD and CDD, as well as the weather-related final energy consumption of the European households (EU-27 and Norway), based on data derived from Eurostat for the period 1979-2021. The results indicate that the changes in HDD and CDD constituted non-linear functions of the country’s average temperature, with the largest percentage changes observed in the warmest (in the case of HDD) and the coldest (in the case of CDD) portion of European countries. As indicated by estimations based on first-difference linear regression models, climate change has contributed so far to the net decrease in weather-related energy consumption of households.

Zużycie energii jest silnie uzależnione od warunków pogodowych. Z tego względu, w celu kształtowania polityki energetycznej kluczowego znaczenia nabiera obserwacja zmian w zakresie stopniodni ogrzewania (HDD) i stopniodni chłodzenia (CDD), powszechnie wykorzystywanych wskaźników zmian klimatycznych. Przedmiotem badania był wpływ zmian klimatycznych (globalnego ocieplenia) na liczbę HDD i CDD, jak również oszacowanie wpływu tych zmian na uwarunkowane pogodowo zużycie energii przez europejskie gospodarstwa domowe (w UE-27 i Norwegii), na podstawie danych Eurostat z lat 1979-2021. Badanie wykazało, iż zmiany HDD i CDD stanowią nieliniowe funkcje przeciętnej temperatury powietrza, a największe zmiany w ujęciu procentowym zaobserwowano w najcieplejszych (w przypadku HDD) i najzimniejszych (w przypadku CDD) regionach UE. Jak wykazały estymacje oparte na indywidualnych regresjach liniowych na pierwszych różnicach zmiennych, zmiany klimatyczne przyczyniły się dotychczas do zmniejszenia uwarunkowanego pogodowo zużycia energii przez europejskie gospodarstwa domowe.

Creative life orientations of employees of creative organisations

Sokół Aneta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

2022

z. 159

415--423

Purpose: The main research problem, which is also the subject of the study, was to recognise a relation between creative life orientations and their impact on the potential development of a creative organisation. Methodology: The article reviews research on the impact of cognitive, theoretical, methodological and empirical issues using Cudowska's questionnaire (2004). To analyse the data Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used and then parametric tests were applied: Student's t-test, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Findings: The discussion and final conclusions focus on the impact of the above relationships on the creative development of these organisations. The results of the study showed that the development of the analysed creative organisations is not strongly contingent on the creative life orientations of their employees. Undoubtedly, the development of creative organisations depends on them, yet other factors, equally important in Polish conditions, should be sought. Research limitations/implications: The obtained research results are treated as pilot ones. The complete achievement of the research goal requires continuation of the research on a larger respondents. Practical implications: The results of the research can be used to improve the policy of development creative in organisations. Social implications: Modern entities need professionals with the ability to act independently, efficiently and effectively, but also creatively. This professionalism in the context of an organisation requires not only perfection in the execution of activities, but also the reduction of barriers that inhibit the creative development of an organisation. Hence, the issue of understanding the importance of creative development for organisational performance has been in recent years and continues to be addressed by researchers around the world. To a certain extent, this article responds to this demand in terms of the topics covered. Originality/value: This is the first study of this type conducted on the choosen population in Poland.