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Substrates with different magnetic properties versus iron-nickel film electrodeposition

Białostocka Anna M., Klekotka Marcin, Klekotka Urszula, Żabiński Piotr R., Kalska-Szostko Beata

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2023

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R. 28, NR 1-2

157--170

EN

The hereby work presents the iron-nickel alloys electroplated on the different metallic substrates (aluminium, silver, brass) using galvanostatic deposition, with and without presence of the external magnetic field (EMF). The films were obtained in the same electrochemical bath composition - mixture of iron and nickel sulphates (without presence of additives) in the molar ratio of 2 : 1 (Ni : Fe), the electric current density (50.0 mA/cm2), and the time (3600 s). The mutual alignment of the electric (E) and magnetic field (B) was changeable - parallel and perpendicular. The source of EMF was a set of two permanent magnets (magnetic field strength ranged from 80 mT to 400 mT). It was analysed the surface microstructure, composition, morphology, thickness and the mechanical properties (roughness, work of adhesion). The surface morphology and the thickness of films were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). The elemental composition of all FeNi films was measured using Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (WDXRF). The crystalographic analysis of the deposits was carried out by X-Ray Diffraction. Depending on the used substrate, modified external magnetic field orientation influenced the tribological and physio-chemical properties of the deposited layers. The diamagnetic substrates and EMF application reduced the FeNi thickness and the average crystallites size, in contrast to the paramagnetic substrate. Parallel EMF increased the value of the tribological parameters for CuZn and Ag but decreased for Al. The content of FeNi structure was rising in the case of diamagnetic substrate and the dependence was opposite on the paramagnetic substrate.

2

Tribological properties of the FeNi alloys electrodeposited with and without external magnetic field assistance

Białostocka Anna Maria, Klekotka Marcin, Klekotka Urszula, Kalska-Szostko Beata

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2022

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Vol. 24, no. 4

687--694

EN

The hereby work presents the tribological properties of the iron-nickel alloys and their dependence on the microstructure and thickness of the probes as well as the presence of an external magnetic field during the synthesis. Coatings were electroplated on the brass and copper metallic substrates using galvanostatic deposition in the same electrochemical bath condition (Fe and Ni sulfates) and the electric current density. The surface morphology of the films was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The average composition of all FeNi coatings was measured using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. Tribo-mechanical properties such as microhardness, roughness, and friction coefficient were determined in the obtained structures. The morphology and tribologial properties of the FeNi coatings clearly depend on both the substrate (Cu, CuZn) itself and the presence of an external magnetic field (EMF) applied during the deposition process.

3

Działanie czynników mechanicznych oraz termicznych na morfologię włosów ludzkich i zwierzęcych

Dobosz Magda, Kalska-Szostko Beata

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2021

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[Z] 75, 5-6

823--844

EN

The main purpose of the presented study was to investigate and compare the influence of mechanical and thermal factors on the morphology of human and animal hair. Several factors that may occur during criminal offenses were selected for testing including cutting by a scalpel or scissors, damaging by a hammer; and high, or low-temperature thermal treatment (heating for 1h, or 24 hours at elevated temperatures 100°C, 200°C, and 300°C, as well as freezing for 24 hours at -20°C, or for 10 minutes in liquid nitrogen (-197°C)). The impact of selected mechanical and temperature factors on human and animal hair was made mainly on the basis of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the elemental composition of the hair was investigated and analyzed using an EDX (Energy - Dispersive X-ray) spectrometry. Performed tests show the degree of human hair degradation depending on the examined factor and time.

4

Wpływ czynników chemicznych na strukturę i budowę włosów ludzkich

Dobosz Magda, Kalska-Szostko Beata

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2020

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[Z] 74, 7-8

453--476

EN

The main purpose of the presented study was to investigate the influence of chemical factors on the morphology of human hair. Few factors that may occurduring criminal offenses were selected for testing, including aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2), cadmium(II) nitrate (Cd(NO3)2), sodium chloride (NaCl), ethanol (C2H5OH), water (H2O). The description of the effects of chosen chemical compounds on hair was made mainly on the basis of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, the elemental composition of the hair as an effect of interaction with solution was examined and analyzed using an EDX (Energy - Dispersive X-ray) spectrometry. Performed tests show the degree of human hair degradation and contamination depending on the examined factor and time.