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Carbon Nanomaterials Application as a Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Dobrzański A., Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M., Drygała A., Wierzbicka A., Lukaszkowicz K., Szindler M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2017

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Vol. 62, iss. 1

27--32

EN

The paper presents the results of the structure investigation of a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells using the carbon nanomaterials. Solar cells were fabricated on the glass with transparent conductive oxide TCO (10Ω/sq). Nanocrystalline titania based photoanode was prepared by spreading TiO2 paste onto TCO glass and subsequently annealed at 450°C for at least 30 min to convert anatase phase and make an interparticle network. After then the nanostructured titania films was immersed into an ethanolic solution of the ruthenium-based dye. As a counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells composite films of carbon nanomaterials and polystyrene sulfonate doped poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) PEDOT-PSS (Sigma-Aldrich) were deposited onto TCO substrates. Because carbon nanoelements and titanium oxide consist of nano-metric structural units to determine the properties of the cells and their parameters several surface sensitive techniques and methods, i.e. Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and electric properties of conductive layers were used.

2

Nanocrystalline TiO2 Powder Prepared by Sol-Gel Method for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Dobrzański L. A., Szindler M. M., Szindler M., Lukaszkowicz K., Drygała A., Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 2A

833--836

EN

In this study titanium dioxide nanopowder has been manufactured and examined. Nanocrystalline TiO2 powder has been obtained by hydrolysis and peptization of a solution of titanium isopropoxide and isopropanol. Subsequently, produced powder has been subjected to structural analysis by using a transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, and Raman spectrometer. For comparison purposes, a commercially available titanium dioxide powder (i.e. titanium white) was also used. Thin layers have been made from this powder and further have been examined by using a UV/VIS spectrometer. Completed research shows the nanocrystalline structure of obtained layers and their good properties such as absorbance at the range of wavelength equal 200 - 1000 nm.

3

Carbon Nanotubes Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Application

Drygała A., Dobrzański L. A., Szindler M., Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M., Pawlyta M., Lukaszowicz K.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 2A

803--806

EN

The influence of the carbon nanotubes counter electrode deposited on the FTO glass substrates on the structure and optoelectrical properties of dye-sensitized solar cells counter electrode (CE) was analysed. Carbon materials have been applied in DSSC s in order to produce low-cost solar cells with reasonable efficiency. Platinum is a preferred material for the counter electrode because of its high conductivity and catalytic activity. However, the costs of manufacturing of the platinum counter electrode limit its use to large-scale applications in solar cells. This paper presents the results of examining the structure and properties of the studied layers, defining optical properties of conductive layers and electrical properties of dye-sensitized solar cells manufactured with the use of carbon nanotubes. Such counter electrodes are promising for the future fabrication of stable, low-cost and effective dye-sensitized solar cells.

4

Transparent platinum counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

Dobrzański L. A., Szindler M., Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M., Drygała A., Lukaszkowicz K., Jung T., Szindler M.M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 68, nr 1

5--10

EN

Purpose: The objective of this article was to compare the surface morphology and structure of thin films deposited by screen printing and sputtering (PVD) methods. Design/methodology/approach: The morphology of the surface of the platinum thin films was performed using a scanning electron microscope Zeiss Supra 35. The detailed surface topography studies were made using an atomic force microscope XE-100 Park systems company. Roughness parameters were calculated using the software XEI. The whole study was complemented by X-ray crystallography. Findings: Results and their analysis show that the physical vapour deposition method allows the deposition of thin films with a better quality than the screen printing method. Practical implications: The platinum thin films are good potential material for electronics, optoelectronics and photovoltaics. Originality/value: The paper presents results of investigations on platinum thin films prepared with screen printing and sputtering (PVD) methods on a FTO glass substrate.

5

Graphene oxide film as semi-transparent counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell

Dobrzański L. A., Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M., Lukaszkowicz K., Drygała A., Szindler M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 73, nr 1

13--20

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to fabricate semi-transparent graphene oxide counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Design/methodology/approach: A thermal reduction is applied to decreased the amount of surface oxygen functionalities on graphene sheets. For this purpose thermal treatments in oven in 250°C and 500°C were used. Graphene oxide materials were mixed with PEDOT:PSS and then deposited on FTO glass by spin coating method. PEDOT:PSS was added to graphene oxide to increase conductivity and enhance film forming ability. Findings: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy measurement was carried out to monitor the degree of oxidation for the graphene samples. It has been found that annealing of graphene oxide counter electrodes under inert atmospheres enable a better ordering of graphene oxide films and also cause losing an oxygen functional groups, that makes layers become denser and smother, with a lower surface roughness, and thus less transparent. Research limitations/implications: It has been found that due to development of the technology of dye-sensitized solar cells with graphene oxide counter electrode, it is possible to lowering a production costs by replacing a costly platinum. It is advisable to take into account in the further experiments application of counter electrode on different kinds of substrates in the selected process parameters, and research for using them in DSSC cells mass production. Practical implications: DSSC cells are an interesting alternative to silicon solar cells. Presented in this paper results showed possibilities of modify dye-sensitized solar cells by replacing costly platinum. Originality/value: It was shown that dye-sensitized solar cells with graphene oxide counter electrode can be used in building integrated photovoltaic.

6

Technology of dye-sensitized solar cells with carbon nanotubes

Dobrzański L., Mucha A., Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M., Drygała A., Łukaszkowicz K.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 70, nr 2

70--76

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to fabricate the dye-sensitized solar cells DSSC with carbon nanotube. Design/methodology/approach: The main aim this work was to improve the technological conditions of conventional dye solar cells by the application of nanostructured materials (MWCNTs) as one of the electrodes of the cell and to prove that the use of this type of nanomaterials increases the efficiency of dye solar cell electrodes. Findings: Carbon materials can be used as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells by replacing a costly platinum. Research limitations/implications: It has been found that due to the technology of developed conventional DSSC and cells with the carbon nanotubes, it is possible to lowering a production costs. It is advisable to take into account in the further experiments application of variables of different kinds of materials in the selected process parameters, and research for the use them in DSSC cells production. Practical implications: Presented in this paper results showed possibilities of modifying DSSC cells in terms of architecture, which should be correlated with the parameters of current-voltage and optical. DSSC cells are an interesting alternative to silicon solar cells. The stage of scientific research conducted around the world suggests that in the near future DSSC are fully commercially available. Originality/value: It was shown that the DSSC cells can be used as promising materials used in building-integrated photovoltaic.

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Selection of components for photovoltaic system

Dobrzański L.A., Drygała A., Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 62, nr 2

53--59

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to determinate basic parameters for components of demonstrative system which is traffic light pedestrian crossing. Design/methodology/approach: Photovoltaic module was produced from monocrystalline silicon solar cells which were joined in series. Photovoltaic system consists of solar module, astable generator, step-down converter and battery pack. Findings: It`s necessary to protect photovoltaic system from external factor like unstable light conditions, variable input voltage, shading. Taking this fact into account photovoltaic system with step-down converter was designed. Step-down converter adjust the voltage of photovoltaic module to the voltage of battery protecting them from overcharging and discharging. Research limitations/implications: The main goal of this work is to show the practical use of widely available, renewable energy source, which is the Sun through the selection of component for the demonstrative photovoltaic system -traffic light pedestrian crossing. Practical implications: In order to provide access to electricity in areas with limited access to power network, there irreplaceable are stand-alone photovoltaic systems, which can supply both AC and DC devices. Originality/value: The produced photovoltaic system confirms the usefulness of solar energy in every place where sunlight is available. In order to provide steady supply at night and in low sunlight the battery stores energy was applied.