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Kontrola i nadzór w prawie administracyjnym – wybrane zagadnienia teoretycznoprawne i dogmatycznoprawne

Gołębiowska A., Kociołek-Pęksa A.

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

2018

Nr 67 (tom 3)

39--61

W artykule omówiono wybrane bieżące problemy w zakresie stosowania norm prawa administracyjnego, w szczególności dotyczących instytucji kontroli i nadzoru administracji publicznej. Wskazano na prawne uwarunkowania kształtujące specyfikę polskiego modelu sądowej kontroli administracji publicznej. Dokonano rekonstrukcji i odróżnienia pomiędzy pojęciami kontroli i nadzoru, a także innymi formami ingerencji w działalność administracyjną. Wskazano na uprawnienia kontrolne faktycznie sprawowane przez sądy, potwierdzające, iż organy te pełnią funkcję instytucji kontroli w systemie prawnym administracji publicznej. Badanie, mające za przedmiot przeobrażenia w systemie sądownictwa administracyjnego, przeprowadzono dualistycznie, tj. z teoretycznoprawnego i dogmatycznoprawnego punktu widzenia. W jego następstwie wskazano zalety i wady reformatoryjnego modelu sądownictwa. Ponadto przedstawiono szersze tło prawa administracyjnego w dziedzinie zjawisk społecznych i politycznych oraz zmian w ich społecznej percepcji.

The text discusses the selected current problems in the scope of application of the norms of the administrative law, in particular regarding the institutions of control and supervision of public administration. The article discusses the specificity of the Polish model of judicial control of public administration. It explains the notion of control, the existing differences between the review and the supervision, and also with other forms of interference in the administrative activity. In particular, the controlling power exercised by the courts was presented, with the arguments supporting the thesis that these organs perform a controlling function. From the legal theory and the legal dogmatic point of views the issues related to the problems arising from changes in the system of administrative courts were presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the reformatory model of the judiciary are shown. Moreover a broader background of administrative law has been presented in the field form of social and political phenomena and changes in their social perception.

A densitometric study of co-elution in thin-layer chromatography, and its physicochemical modeling

Pieniak A., Kaczmarski K., Sajewicz M., Zapała W., Gołębiowska A., Tomala R., Kowalska T.

Acta Chromatographica

2004

No. 14

16-36

In our earlier efforts to scrutinize lateral interactions among test analyte molecules, and their impact on the shape of the respective concen-tration profiles of thin-layer chromatographic bands, we focused our atten-tion on single analytes able to self-associate by hydrogen bonding of their functional groups (and primarily on alcohols and carboxylic acids). Distinct demonstration of lateral interactions is possible only when the analyte is applied to a stationary phase in an amount within the non-linear region of its adsorption isotherm. One must, moreover, ensure the chromatographic conditions are relatively mild, i.e. a low-activity adsorbent used as statio-nary phase and a low-polarity mobile phase. Such conditions guarantee that lateral interactions among the analyte molecules are to a large extent unaffected and therefore observable by densitometry. In the TLC study reported in this paper we focused on co-elution of a binary mixture of test analytes. For the purpose of our experiment we chose two such mixtures: (i) a carboxylic acid (2-phenylbutyric acid, which is, simultaneously, a Lewis acid and a Lewis base (AB)) and a ketone (benzophenone, which is a Lewis base (B) only); and (ii) an aliphatic alco-hol (5-phenylpentanol, which is, simultaneously, a Lewis acid and Lewis base (AB)) and the same ketone (i.e. benzophenone). Because of their fun-ctionality, these two pairs of compounds can form mixed associative struc-tures by hydrogen bonding. It is worthy of note that the retention (i.e. RF values) of each of the two analytes from a given pair is perceptibly different if each is chromatographed as a single species. Using mild chromatographic conditions and working in the non-linear region of the adsorption isotherm we managed to (i) demonstrate co-elution of the two analytes from each pair in the form of a single chromatographic band; (ii) suggest (optional or complementary) three different physicochemical explanations of their den-sitometrically measured concentration profiles; and (iii) perform semi-quantitative simulations of these profiles. Most of the results discussed were obtained by planar chromato-graphy (TLC) but some experiments were repeated with a column-chro-matographic technique, HPLC, using fully analogous working conditions (i.e. low-activity carbohydrate stationary phase and low-polarity hydrocar-bon mobile phase). Some of the results obtained by HPLC were similar to those from planar chromatography whereas others were dissimilar.