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1

Performance evaluation of a developed cashew nut shell liquid expeller

Aina E. O., Adisa A. F., Olayanju T. M. A., Ismaila S. O.

Agricultural Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 22, No. 2

5--19

EN

The thick vesicant oil liquid contained in the shell of cashew nut, called cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), has been known for its innumerable applications in chemical industries. Performance evaluation of a newly developed CNSL expeller was carried out to determine the effect of moisture content and pressing duration on extraction parameters. The nut shells were grouped as A: 14.00-16.99%, B: 17.00-19.99% and C: 20.00-22.99% (w.b.) moisture content at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes pressing time and combination of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 kg of cashew nut shells. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the stastical analysis. The best mass of liquid extracted, best extraction efficiency and best percentage oil recovery occured at pressing duration of 10 minutes and moisture content of 14.00-16.99% (w.b.), while the best machine capacity was at pressing duration of 2 minutes and moisture content of 14.00-16.99% (w.b.). Results showed that the effects of the pressing duration and moisture content on mass of liquid extracted, machine capacity, extraction efficiency and percentage liquid recovery were significant at 0.05. Meanwhile, the effects of the pressing duration and moisture contents were not significant for the feed rate. Increase in the pressing duration at decreasingthe moisture content resulted in the increase in the mass of liquid extracted, extraction efficiency and percentage liquid recovery while increase in pressing duration and moisture content resulted in decrease in machine capacity of the expeller.

PL

Gęsty żrący olej zawarty w łupinie nerkowca, zwany CNSL, jest znany z niezliczonych zastosowań w przemyśle chemicznym. Dokonano oceny skuteczności nowej prasy do tłoczenia CNSL w celu wyznaczenia wpływu zawartości wilgoci i czasu tłoczenia na parametry tłoczenia. Łupiny pogrupowano w następujący sposób: A: 14,00 - 16,99%, B: 17,00 - 19,99% i C: 20,00 - 22,99% (w.b) zawartości wilgoci w ciągu 2,4,6, 8 i 10 minut czasu tłoczenia oraz kombinacji 1,2,3,4 i 5 kilo łupin nerkowca. Zastosowano analizę wariancji (ANOVA)do analizy statystycznej. Najlepsza masa wytłoczonego oleju, najlepsza wydajność ekstrakcyjna i najlepszy udział procentowy oleju miał miejsce przy czasie tłoczenia wynoszącym 10 minut i zawartości wilgoci 14,00-16,99% (w.b) a najlepsza wydajność maszyny wystąpiła przy czasie tłoczenia wynoszącym 2 minuty i zawartości wilgoci w przedziale 14,00-16,99% (w.b.) Wyniki pokazały, że wpływ czasu tłoczenia i zawartości wilgoci na masę wytłoczonego oleju, wydajność maszyny, wydajność tłoczenia oraz procent odzyskania oleju były znaczące i wynosiły 0.05. Podczas gdy wpływ czasu tłoczenia oraz zawartość wilgoci nie były znaczące dla prędkości posuwu. Wzrost czasu tłoczenia na zmniejszenie zawartości wilgoci spowodował wzrost masy wytłoczonego oleju, wydajności tłoczenia i procent odzyskania oleju podczas gdy wzrost czasu tłoczenia i zawartości wilgoci spowodował spadek wydajności maszyny.

2

Model for predicting peak expiratory flow rate of Nigerian workers in a cement factory in Itori, Ogun State, Nigeria

Ismaila S. O., Akanbi O. G., Olaoniye W.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2015

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Vol. 21, No. 4

547--550

EN

The main aim of the study was to propose a model for predicting the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of Nigerian workers in a cement factory. Sixty randomly selected non-smoker and healthy workers (30 in production sections, 30 in the administrative section of the factory) participated in the study. Their physical characteristics and PEFR were measured. Multiple correlations using SPSS version 16.0 were performed on the data. The values of PEFR, using the obtained model, were compared with the measured values using a two-tailed t test. There were positive correlations among age, height and PEFR. A prediction equation for PEFR based on age, height, weight and years of exposure (experience) was obtained with R2 = .843 (p < 0.001). The developed model will be useful for the management in determining PEFR of workers in the cement industry for possible medical attention.

3

Cardiovascular Strain of Sawmill Workers in South-Western Nigeria

Ismaila S. O., Oriolowo K. T., Akanbi O. G.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2013

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Vol. 19, No. 4

607--611

EN

This study aimed to assess cardiovascular strain during sawmilling operations in terms of physical workload,based on heart rate changes. We measured resting and working heart rates and calculated cardiovascular load (%CVL), cardiovascular strain (%CVS) and relative heart rate (%RHR) in 35 sawmill workers. Based on heart rate only, the work in sawmills was classified as very heavy and extremely heavy. Similarly, a high-level category was recorded for %CVL and a very high range for %CVS. Thus, the workload in sawmill operations is usually very high and can lead to physiological strain of the workers. There is a need to redesign the work content of this occupation to prevent excessive strain in the workers, as this will increase their productivity and reduce their health risk.