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Sustainable gastronomy – a model approach

Malinowska Ewa, Płoska Renata, Chmielewski Mariusz, Śledzik Karol

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 193

63--76

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to define the concept and dimensions of sustainable gastronomy. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses the method of critical literature analysis as well as the method of synthesis and logical inference. Findings: The article proposes the author's definition of sustainable gastronomy, drawing attention to the necessity of taking into account all three areas of sustainable development (economic, social and ecological), thinking in the perspective of future generations and cooperation of various entities operating within the gastronomy sector, as an important condition for the implementation of the principles of sustainable development in this area. The proposed model of sustainable gastronomy, based on the three classic dimensions of sustainable development, refers to the most important activities that should create this type of gastronomy. Research limitations/implications: The considerations and conclusions are theoretical, and they are based on the analysis of publications available in full-text form in the e-collections and online catalogue of the University of Gdansk Library and Google Scholar. Practical implications: The conclusions presented in this paper may be a suggestion for the legislator, local authorities and companies from the catering industry regarding the directions of activities related to the development and promotion of sustainable gastronomy. They can be used to conduct a self-assessment of catering establishments, and its results can be used to strengthen competitive advantage. Social implications: The considerations and conclusions presented in the article may contribute to raising public awareness of the specifics of sustainable gastronomy, and thus contribute to buyers making more informed decisions regarding the choice of gastronomic offer. Originality/value: The article is dedicated to the issue of sustainable gastronomy, which is relatively rarely subject of the research. Furthermore authors propose definition of sustainable gastronomy along with its model.

2

Multivariate sustainable development goals analysis – competitive position of European countries in 2022

Chmielewski Mariusz, Śledzik Karol, Płoska Renata, Malinowska Ewa, Pęksyk Marcin

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 192

63--78

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to evaluate competitive position of European countries based on the achievement levels of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2022. The tool to achieve the goal was multidimensional comparative analysis. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents multivariate analysis based on euclidean distance from the Positive Development Pattern (PDP) to create ranking and to identify those European countries, which were characterized by the highest levels of individual SDG. The research was based on data selected from Europe Sustainable Development Report (2022). From 37 European countries there were selected 32 countries to analysis. The criterion for selecting countries (objects) was the completeness of available data. In the next step of the research was performed the analysis of indicators (SDG - Sustainable Development Goals) completeness. Findings: The results of the multivariate competitiveness analysis of 32 European countries based on their performance on the Sustainable Development Goals identified which countries performed best and which performed worst in this context. In addition, it was identified which countries performed best and which worst in achieving each of the 16 Sustainable Development Goals considered (for one of the SDGs, data was not complete). Research limitations/implications: For a proper interpretation of the assessment for each country under study, an in-depth knowledge of its specificities, both in the economic, social and environmental dimensions, is also necessary. It may then turn out that the achievements in the field of individual goals result, for example, from the baseline level in a given area or the real possibility of taking specific actions. Practical implications: Whereas the challenges faced by countries today, an assessment of the multivariate position of countries, taking into account their achievements in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals, seems to be entirely appropriate, as it provides a picture of the potential of individual countries in relation to their ability to cope with the problems that the international community has defined as key, and has included in the form of the SDGs. Social implications: The reference to sustainable development in the context of evaluate countries and their competitiveness fits in with the need to raise public awareness of the challenges of making this a reality and the role of countries in this process. Originality/value: The research results can contribute to a broader understanding of what a country's competitiveness is in the modern world and what sustainable factors shape it. The approach presented can complement and make more realistic the traditional onedimensional competitiveness rankings, especially in light of multivariate analysis and the challenges faced by modern states.

3

Expectations of customer as a stakeholder of an agricultural enterprise: case study

Chmielewski Mariusz, Malinowska Ewa

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 173

69--79

EN

Purpose: to present the possibilities of using the CSI (Customer Satisfaction Index) method to manage relations with customers as one of the stages of managing company’s stakeholders. Project/ methodology/ approach: the studies were carried out in two stages. The first stage comprising a direct interview was used to identify the criteria used by the customers of agricultural products when choosing a supplier. In the second stage, after the criteria were grouped with the use of questionnaires, their order of importance was determined. Findings: the method of reaching to the customers used in the study relies on the application of the main criteria that they take into account in their decisions. These are: freshness, flavour, price and appearance of the product. Perception of these criteria is important for the studied entity on account of the specific location of the sales point. Study Limitations/Implications: the proposed method was tested with respect to the selected business entity. In the next stages, it is necessary to test its application in other industries in order to receive a broader range of the picture about perception of key stakeholders by the organisation. The results show critical points to which the company resources should be assigned in order to improve customer satisfaction and loyalty. Practical Implications: the received results may be a prompt for the studied company and may indicate directions of development of stakeholder management, along with the areas that should be improved in this respect. Independent and uniform measurement characteristics of the studied model constitute a useful tool for carrying out a systematic comparative analysis in time. It also provides information about the weak and strong sides of the company in the opinions of its customers. Social Implications: the paper indicates the possibility of reciprocal impact of the main sides of the process: the customer and the company. The studies indicate the possibility of using the CSI method for the first stage of managing the relations with the customers, namely learning the degree of validity of various criteria when purchase decisions are made. Thanks to the use of the CSI method, it is possible to determine an efficient strategy of impact on the customers, using the criteria that are of major importance for them. Originality/Value: the authors made an attempt at using a tool from the realm of the CSI quality management for the process of managing a company’s stakeholders. This is possible by learning the importance of the individual criteria which are guiding the customers’ purchase decisions. This may inspire the companies to use the tool in the process of stakeholder management.

4

Aspekty zrównoważonego rozwoju w oznakowaniu produktów spożywczych

Chmielewski Mariusz, Malinowska Ewa, Płoska Renata, Szymańska-Brałkowska Małgorzata

Problemy Jakości

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2023

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R. 55, nr 4

13--23

PL

Cel: Celem głównym artykułu była próba określenia, w jakim zakresie dostawcy wybranych grup produktów spożywczych, dostępnych w sieciach handlowych Biedronka i Lidl, wykorzystują nieobligatoryjne etykiety związane ze zrównoważonym rozwojem. Celem dodatkowym była próba ustalenia, czy dobór tego rodzaju oznakowania jest różny w przypadku różnych grup produktów spożywczych. Projekt badania/metodyka badawcza/koncepcja: Badanie polegało na analizie oznakowania dotyczącego zrównoważonego rozwoju na opakowaniach wybranych produktów spożywczych, dostępnych w wybranych placówkach sieci handlowych Lidl i Biedronka, zlokalizowanych w Trójmieście. Przeprowadzone badanie miało charakter jakościowy, wykorzystano w nim metodę obserwacji nieuczestniczącej, ukrytej, metodę analizy komparatywnej, a także metodę syntezy i wnioskowania logicznego. Badanie ma charakter pilotażowy i będzie podstawą do dalszych badań uszczegóławiających. Wyniki/wnioski: Oferenci produktów spożywczych z poddanych badaniu kategorii w niewystarczającym zakresie wykorzystują oznakowanie z zakresu zrównoważonego rozwoju. W przypadku etykiet związanych z ekologią dominują te odnoszące się do możliwości recyklingu opakowań, zidentyfikowano też relatywnie dużo oznaczeń dotyczących aspektów jakościowych i miejsca pochodzenia produktów, natomiast na badanych opakowaniach prawie nie występują etykiety społeczne. Zaobserwowano dużą różnorodność nieobligatoryjnych oznaczeń na opakowaniach, co przyczyniło się do swobodnej ich klasyfikacji, która jest jedynie propozycją autorów. Marki własne badanych sieci handlowych przodują w wyraźnym informowaniu klienta o pochodzeniu produktu, sposobie segregacji zużytych opakowań i gwarantowanej, przez własne standardy, jakości. Największa różnorodność oznaczeń charakteryzowała opakowania produktów mleczarskich. Ograniczenia: Do badania wybrano jedynie cztery grupy produktów spożywczych, w ich ramach natomiast – wybrane kategorie produktów. W ramach tych grup dokonano obserwacji opakowań produktów, które w trakcie badań (28-29 czerwca 2023 roku) były dostępne w miejscach obserwacji. Badanie przeprowadzone zostało w placówkach należących do dwóch najpopularniejszych w Polsce dyskontów spożywczych, zlokalizowanych w Trójmieście. Zastosowanie praktyczne: Wyniki badania mogą stanowić punkt wyjścia do głębszej oceny stopnia wykorzystania etykietowania zrównoważonego w procesie komunikacji między producentami i dystrybutorami produktów spożywczych a konsumentami. Wykorzystując wyniki badań, dostawcy mogą zaplanować swoje przyszłe działania, których celem byłoby lepsze zrozumienie przez klientów działalności związanej ze zrównoważonym rozwojem. Oryginalność/wartość poznawcza: Wyniki badań, zaprezentowane w opracowaniu, pozwalają na wstępne określenie zakresu wykorzystania oznakowania związanego ze zrównoważonym rozwojem na opakowaniach wybranych produktów spożywczych, dostępnych w dwóch dyskontowych sieciach handlowych.

EN

Purpose: The main aim of this article was an attempt to assess to what extent suppliers of selected groups of food products, available in discount stores such as Lidl and Biedronka, use non-compulsory sustainability labeling. The additional aim was an attempt to check if the selection of that kind of labeling varies from one group to another. Design/methodology/approach: The study consisted of an analysis of sustainability-related labeling on the packaging of selected food products available in selected shops of the Lidl and Biedronka retail chains, located in the Tri-City. The research was qualitative and was based on following methods: the method of non-participant, covert observation, the method of comparative analysis, the method of synthesis and logical inference. The study has a pilot character is the basis for further detailed research. Findings/conclusions: The results show that food suppliers do not sufficiently use sustainability-related labeling. In case of ecolabels, they usually relate to recycling. Relatively many labels are identified as quality-related, and many referred to the origin of products. As study shows there is hardly any social labeling on food products. A large variety of non-compulsory labels were observed that contributed to their free classification that is only authors’ proposal. Own brands of discount stores mostly inform customers about the origin of products, on how to recycle packaging, guaranteed by own quality standards. The largest variety of labels characterized the packaging of dairy products. Research limitations: Only four groups of food products were selected for this research, and within these, selected product categories. The packaging of products were observed, which during 28-29th of June 2023, were available at observation sites. The study was conducted in shops belonging to the two most popular discount retail chains in Poland, located in Tri-City. Practical implications: The results may start a deeper assessment of the use of sustainable labeling in the process of communication between producers, distributors of food products and customers. The results may help suppliers in identifying future activities and understanding customers’ attitude toward sustainable development. This may contribute to a positive perception of producers and distributors and provide a form of advertising for them. Originality/value: The results of the research present the preliminary determination of the use of sustainable labeling on the packaging of selected food products available in two discount retail chains.

5

Infrastructure projects and transport exclusion - case study of the Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna

Chmielewski Mariusz, Pioch Joanna, Płoska Renata

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

99--115

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effects of the Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna infrastructure project from the perspective of transport exclusion of the Gdańsk-Gdynia-Sopot Metropolitan Area residents. The reason for undertaking the topic is the importance of this project for many different groups of stakeholders and the possibility of analysing some of the already visible effects of its implementation. Design/methodology/approach: The theoretical part describes the phenomenon of transport exclusion as well as the specifics and importance of infrastructure and infrastructure projects. The research part is based on a case study: an analysis and evaluation of selected effects of the presented project. The subject matter covers a regional transport investment - the Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna. The study used statistical data analysis and the descriptive method. Findings: The analysis of selected parameters concerning various aspects of the infrastructure project’s effects showed that the Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna improves the residents’ quality of life by reducing the phenomenon of transport exclusion. Increased transport accessibility affects both residents of the region’s capital city and other towns in the analysed area. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of the study is that the project is still in the implementation phase. As a result, not all of its effects are discernible and quantifiable. Therefore, the study takes into account only selected elements describing the effects of the Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna, mainly in the context of the problem of transport exclusion. Practical implications: The findings of the study may be used by the entities responsible for the implementation of public investments as an argument for choosing transport projects as a tool to improve the quality of life in the region. Originality/value: The value of the study is to indicate that the benefits of infrastructure investments are linked not only to measurable: financial and material results, but also to other aspects relating to the quality of life of the society and reducing the problem of transport exclusion. The paper raises the issue of benefits for the local community, providing arguments for decision makers responsible for spending public funds earmarked for regional development.

6

Process optimisation as exemplified by school cafeteria work organisation

Chmielewski Mariusz, Malinowska Ewa

Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University

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2022

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nr 122

7--21

EN

The aim of this paper is to present suggestions for optimisation of the process of meal preparation in schools, which would lead to a reduction in the operating costs of the facility and more effective use of the resources in question. As a result of the research it was found that in the organisation studied there exists a real possibility of staffing reductions from 4 to 3.5 full-time jobs, which would directly translate into a reduction in the costs related to running an institutional catering establishment. The schedule prepared also enabled determining the shortest possible time of performing the entire meal preparation process, which also constitutes the critical path.

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The use of gas chromatography for determining pharmaceutical residues in clinical, cosmetic, food and environmental samples in the light of the requirements of sustainable development

Sadkowska Joanna, Caban Magda, Chmielewski Mariusz, Stepnowski Piotr, Kumirska Jolanta

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2019

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Vol. 45, no. 1

42--49

EN

The sustainable development of human activities is directly related to the protection of the environment by lowering the anthropogenic stress. Pharmaceuticals – due to their growing consumption (use in medicine, veterinary, animal production, cosmetics) and their incomplete removal in wastewater treatment plants – are classified as a group of new and rapidly emerging pollutants which have been proven to have a negative impact onto water organisms. In order to ensure the proper protection of human health and the environment there is an urgent necessity of determining pharmaceuticals in clinical, cosmetic, food and environmental samples. Gas (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are valuable techniques for such determination, especially when they are coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS; LC-MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS; LC-MS/MS). The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of sustainability features of analytical techniques in the light of necessity to determine trace amounts of pharmaceuticals in the aforementioned different matrices. Using the Delphi method we performed an analysis of the key sources of the competitive advantages of the application of GC and GC-MS techniques for determining the pharmaceutical residue in clinical, cosmetic, food and environmental samples – compared to techniques based on HPLC or LC-MS. The analysis covered the following areas: (i) the features of the technique, (ii) the price, and (iii) the applicability in various sectors of economy.

PL

Rozwój zrównoważony jest bezpośrednio związany z ochroną środowiska, w tym z obniżeniem stresu antropogenicznego. W związku z rosnącym zużyciem farmaceutyków w wielu sektorach gospodarki, w tym między innymi w medycynie, weterynarii, sektorze farmaceutycznym, kosmetycznym oraz ich niepełnym usuwaniem przez oczyszczalnie ścieków, pozostałości farmaceutyków docierają do środowiska, gdzie mogą oddziaływać na organizmy tam bytujące. W celu zapewnienia właściwej ochrony zdrowia ludzkiego oraz środowiska niezbędnym jest oznaczanie pozostałości farmaceutyków w próbkach klinicznych, kosmetycznych, żywieniowych oraz środowiskowych. Techniki oparte na chromatografii takie jak: chromatografia gazowa (GC - Gas Chromatography), wysokosprawna chromatografia cieczowa (HPLC - High Performance Liquid Chromatography) są szczególnie przydatne w oznaczaniu farmaceutyków w szczególności, kiedy techniki te są sprzężone ze spektrometrią mas (GC-MS, LC-MS) lub tandemową spektrometrią mas (GC-MS/MS; LC-MS/MS). Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza przewag konkurencyjnych techniki, jaką jest chromatografia gazowa w kontekście wymagań zrównoważonego rozwoju. Wykorzystując metodę delficką przenalizowano użyteczność i przewagi chromatografii gazowej w oznaczaniu pozostałości farmaceutyków w różnych próbkach - w porównaniu do technik opartych na HPLC oraz HPLC-MS. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań na rynku polskim, którymi objęto 277 podmiotów wykorzystujących w swojej działalności techniki analityczne, przedstawiono możliwości zastosowania techniki GC w poszczególnych sektorach gospodarki.