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1

Dimension-Stone Quarrying Optimization through Integrated Modelling between Joint Sets and Cutting Grid: a Case Study at Tan Long Dimension Stone Quarry in Southcentral Coastal Province of Binh Dinh

Pham Van Viet, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Pham Van Hoa, Tran Dinh Bao

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2023

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no. 2, vol. 1

239--248

EN

Dimension-stone quarrying optimization is significantly important to increase the recovery ratio of dimension stone and to reduce the cutting cost. Due to fracture-existed rock mass, in the mining operation block size and mining direction influences to the recovery ratio and the cutting cost. Therefore, the paper suggests the quarrying optimization for dimension stone to obtain the highest recovery ratio and the lowest cutting cost, based on optimizing block size and mining direction to get a cutting grid of dimension stone. Through developing an integrated modelling between joint set modelling and cutting grid modelling, intact blocks and fractured blocks were generated. From this, block statistics were conducted to get the maximum recovery ratio of dimension stone and the minimum cutting rate between the cutting area and the recovered block volume, which helps to choose an optimizing block size and mining direction. The research was carried out at Tan Long dimension stone quarry where a block size (0.9m x 0.6m x 1.35m) and a mining direction paralleling to joint set 1 will ensure the highest recovery ratio of 13.87% and the lowest cutting rate of 25 m2/m3.

2

Strategy in Dispatching Trucks and Shovels with Different Capacity to Increase the Operating Efficiency in Cao Son Surface Coal Mine, Vietnam

Pham Van Hoa, Tran Trung Chuyen, Le Hong Anh, Le Thi Thu Hoa, Pham Van Viet, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Le Thi Huong Giang

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2021

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no. 2

487--494

EN

In surface mining operations, the operating costs of truck-shovel system constitutes 50-60% of the total. Only a little save in the operation costs in this system will bring large profit for the mines. Due to many investment periods, the capacity of both trucks and shovels in Cao Son surface coal mine is different. This leads to the low efficiency and the difficulty in dispatching strategy for the mine. This paper presents the current situation and selection of advanced dispatching strategy for increasing the efficiency trucks and shovels at this surface coal mine. The results show the detailed match factor reflects the state of each team of loader and trucks and should be use as the indicator for dispatching decision for the heterogeneous truck and shovel fleet at Cao Son surface coal mine.

3

Simulation of FLY-ROCK DISTANCe as a Function of Blast Conditions: a Case Study in Vietnam

Nguyen Anh Tuan, Pham Van Hoa, Pham Van Viet, Tran Dinh Bao, Le Thi Hai

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2020

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no. 2, vol. 1

275--282

EN

The prediction of fly-rock distances is a big problem in the blasting areas of open-pit mines. The fly-rock distance plays a crucial role in the reduction and control of blasting accidents in quarries. This paper proposes the modelling of the contact dynamics as a non-smooth discrete element method (NSCD). Then, the fly-rock phenomenon is simulated using this NSCD method. This approach was to develop a model that correlates to blast conditions, initial fly-rock/rock-fall velocities and permits the computation of fly-rock range from randomization orbits. The results showed that the NSCD method is a good means for the simulation with the variability of blasting parameters. This method is to relate the initial fly-rock velocity to blast conditions and then uses ballistic trajectories to compute the maximum fly-rock distance. Finally, it should be noted that the proposed simulation of fly-rock trajectories which shows the distribution of fly-rock bounce heights above the ground level with the different coefficient of restitution range as a function of blast conditions. It should be used in the Ninh Dan limestone quarry belonging to the Song Thao Cement, Phu Tho province (Vietnam), and it should be directly used in the same other quarries.

PL

Przewidywanie odległości między odrzucającymi skałami ma duży problem w kopalniach odkrywkowych. Odległość między skałami odrzucającymi odgrywa niezwykłą rolę w ograniczaniu i kontrolowaniu wypadków spowodowanych robotami strzelniczymi w kamieniołomach. W artykule, zaproponowano modelowanie dynamiki kontaktu jako metodę elementów dyskretnych Non-Smooth (NSCD). Następnie symuluje się zjawisko fly-rock metodą NSCD. Zastosowane podejście polegało na opracowaniu modelu, który kore-luje warunki wybuchów, początkowe prędkości lotnych skał i pozwala na obliczenie zasięgu fali z orbity losowej. Wyniki pokazały, że NSCD jest dobrym środkiem do symulacji przy zmienności parametrów strzałów. Ta metoda zastosowana w niniejszych badaniach polega na powiązaniu początkowej prędkości latających skał z warunkami wybuchu, a następnie wykorzystaniu trajektorii balistycznych do obliczenia maksymalnej odległości między latającymi skałami. Na koniec należy zauważyć, że zaproponowano symulację trajektorii odrzucających skał, która pokazuje rozkłady wysokości odbijania skał nad poziomem ziemi przy różnym współczynniku zakresu restytucji w funkcji warunków techniki strzelniczej. Powinien być stosowany w kamieniołomie wapienia Ninh Dan należącym do cementu Song Thao w prowincji Phu Tho (Wietnam) i powinien być stosowany w podobnych kamieniołomach.

4

Finite Element Method Application to Determine Appropriate Splitting Parameters for Dimensional Stone Quarries

Pham Van Viet, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Pham Van Hoa

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2020

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no. 2, vol. 1

95--103

EN

In dimension stone extraction, there have existed many block cutting techniques from intact rock or from a large block to smaller blocks such as disc sawing, chainsawing, diamond wire sawing and splitting techniques, one of which still has recently been used with the other modern methods is splitting techniques. The usage of the splitting methods has still based on the practical experience of mining workers on calculating the spacing of two holes in the co-planar line, resulting in increasing the roughness of the cutting face. The paper studies a relationship between beating force and two-hole spacing based on rock mass properties of dimension stone in order to find proper splitting parameters. The paper deploys the Finite Element Method (FEM) with computer simulation in 2D using Phase2 software. From input data including rock mechanics (unit density, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s rate), compressive pressure on the hole wall due to the force, the spacing, the simulation represents stress and displacement distributions along the two adjacent holes. A regression function for a relationship between the pressure and the spacing is established with the results of stress distribution along the two adjacent holes, compared to uniaxial tensile strength through running the software, which leads to making suggestions to appropriate splitting parameters.

PL

W zakresie wydobywania złoża kamieni blocznych istniało wiele technik cięcia bloków, od nienaruszonej skały lub od dużych bloków do mniejszych bloków, takich jak piły tarczowe, piły łańcuchowe, piły diamentowe i tech-niki łupania, z których jedna jest ostatnio używana z drugą nowoczesną metody to techniki dzielenia. Stosowa-nie metod łupania nadal opiera się na praktycznym doświadczeniu górników przy obliczaniu rozstawu dwóch otworów w linii współpłaszczyznowej, co skutkuje zwiększeniem chropowatości czoła skrawania. W artykule zbadano zależność między siłą uderzenia a rozstawem dwóch otworów na podstawie właściwości górotworu kamieni blocznych w celu znalezienia odpowiednich parametrów rozłupywania. W artykule zastosowano meto-dę elementów skończonych (MES) z symulacją komputerową 2D przy użyciu oprogramowania Phase2. Na pod-stawie danych wejściowych obejmujących mechanikę skał (gęstość jednostkowa, moduł Younga, współczynnik Poissona), ciśnienie ściskające na ścianę otworu spowodowane siłą, rozstaw, symulacja przedstawia rozkłady naprężeń i przemieszczeń wzdłuż dwóch sąsiednich otworów. Na podstawie wyników rozkładu naprężeń wzdłuż dwóch sąsiednich otworów, w porównaniu z jednoosiową wytrzymałością na rozciąganie po uruchomieniu oprogramowania, ustala się funkcję regresji zależności między ciśnieniem a rozstawem, co prowadzi do sugestii dotyczących odpowiednich parametrów rozłupywania.

5

A comparative study of empirical and ensemble machine learning algorithms in predicting air over pressure in open pit coal mine

Nguyen Hoang, Bui Xuan-Nam, Tran Quang-Hieu, Pham Van Hoa, Nguyen Dinh-An, Le Thi Thu Hoa, Le Qui-Thao, Do Ngoc-Hoan, Bao Tran Dinh, Bui Hoang-Bac, Moayedi Hossein

Acta Geophysica

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2020

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Vol. 68, no. 2

325--336

EN

This study aims to take into account the feasibility of three ensemble machine learning algorithms for predicting blast-induced air over-pressure (AOp) in open-pit mine, including gradient boosting machine (GBM), random forest (RF), and Cubist. An empirical technique was also applied to predict AOp and compared with those of the ensemble models. To employ this study, 146 events of blast were investigated with 80% of the total database (approximately 118 blasting events) being used for developing the models, whereas the rest (20%~28 blasts) were used to validate the models’ accuracy. RMSE, MAE, and R2 were used as performance indices for evaluating the reliability of the models. The fndings revealed that the ensemble models yielded more precise accuracy than those of the empirical model. Of the ensemble models, the Cubist model provided better performance than those of RF and GBM models with RMSE, MAE, and R2 of 2.483, 0.976, and 0.956, respectively, whereas the RF and GBM models provided poorer accuracy with an RMSE of 2.579, 2.721; R2 of 0.953, 0.950, and MAE of 1.103, 1.498, respectively. In contrast, the empirical model was interpreted as the poorest model with an RMSE of 4.448, R2 of 0.872, and MAE of 3.719. In addition, other fndings indicated that explosive charge capacity, spacing, stemming, monitoring distance, and air humidity were the most important inputs for the AOp predictive models using artifcial intelligence.

6

Estimation of truck-shovel dispatching in Cao Son Open-Pit coal mine and the ability in applying information technology for increasing its efficiency

Pham Van Hoa, Bui Xuan‑Nam, Le Van Quyen, Le Thi Thu Hoa, Pham Van Viet

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2019

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R. 21, nr 2/2

21--27

EN

With many types of trucks and shovels for hauling large volume of waste rocks to the dump sites and coal to the storages, the truck – shovel dispatching in Cao Son open pit coal mine is the operation which needs to be improved. At present, the combination between trucks and shovel is usually assigned at the beginning of shift and adjusted during the operation at the mine. The GPS tracking system are integrated into each truck to monitor the position in real time, but applying this information to find the best destination to send the truck to satisfy the production requirements and to minimize truck operating costs is still not used. This paper presents the estimation of the information system, data, the remaining problems of truck – shovel dispatching system, from that proposes the application of available information technology for increasing the efficiency of this activities at the mine.

7

Developing an Advanced Soft Computational Model for Estimating Blast-Induced Ground Vibration in Nui Beo Open-pit Coal Mine (Vietnam) Using Artificial Neural Network

Nguyen Hoang, Bui Xuan‑Nam, Tran Quang Hieu, Nguyen Quoc Long, Vu Dinh Hieu, Pham Van Hoa, Le Qui Thao, Nguyen Phu Vu

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2019

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R. 21, nr 2/2

58--73

EN

The principal object of this study is blast-induced ground vibration (PPV), which is one of the dangerous side effects of blasting operations in an open-pit mine. In this study, nine artificial neural networks (ANN) models were developed to predict blast-induced PPV in Nui Beo open-pit coal mine, Vietnam. Multiple linear regression and the United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) empirical techniques are also conducted to compare with nine developed ANN models. 136 blasting operations were recorded in many years used for this study with 85% of the whole datasets (116 blasting events) was used for training and the rest 15% of the datasets (20 blasting events) for testing. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Determination Coefficient (R2), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) are used to compare and evaluate the performance of the models. The results revealed that ANN technique is more superior to other techniques for estimating blast-induced PPV. Of the nine developed ANN models, the ANN 7-10-8-5-1 model with three hidden layers (ten neurons in the first hidden layer, eight neurons in the second layers, and five neurons in the third hidden layer) provides the most outstanding performance with an RMSE of 1.061, R2 of 0.980, and MAE of 0.717 on testing datasets. Based on the obtained results, ANN technique should be applied in preliminary engineering for estimating blast-induced PPV in open-pit mine.

8

Determining for an output capacity of dimension stone exploitation from the computer simulations to generate the fracture network in 3D: case study in some dimensional stone quarries in Vietnam

Nguyen Anh Tuan, Pham Van Hoa, Pham Van Viet, Le Van Quyen, Le Thi Hai, Nguyen Tuan Anh

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2019

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R. 21, nr 2/2

135--146

EN

In dimension stone quarry exploitations such as the marble quarry, a literature review of the existing numerical modelling techniques has been carried out. According to Distinct Element Method, discontinuities have been treated as boundary conditions between blocks and, consequently, an accurate knowledge of joint distribution and orientation was required. The result of analyzing data and simulating in the fracture rock environment, which is applied to a mining condition of the dimensional stone quarries. The research we introduce in the output capacity of the dimension stone quarry from the computer simulations to generate the fracture network in 3D with an aim of evaluating the size of the blocks. The results of numerical models have been used to optimize some of the technical parameters for dimensional stone extraction and ensuring stable bench in the mining operation.