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The Use of Methane from Landfill Gas to Generate Energy and its Management at the Plant as a Way to Reduce Climate Change

Basta Emilia, Szewczyk Piotr

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2024

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Tom 26

236--250

EN

In the era of consumerism, increasing amounts of waste constitute an ecological and logistical problem. Waste landfills are increasingly installing degassing installations and obtaining landfill gas containing methane as a renewable energy source. The work aims to analyse the production and management of energy at a selected waste landfill operating a cogeneration unit. The role of landfill gas, its production amount, composition and use in cogeneration units to produce energy were analysed. The biogas produced is used to produce electricity and heat at the analysed waste treatment plant. The research showed the extraction and energy use of biogas in the amount of 916,876 m3 per year, which produced 1,558 MWh of electricity and 1,589 MWh of heat in cogeneration. The electricity produced is a power source for the enterprise and its infrastructure, and the surplus is sent to the power grid. However, 34% of the heat is used for the plant's needs. The remaining part can be used in ORC systems (Organic Rankine Cycle). The tests showed that the total efficiency of energy production is 85.80%, with the availability index of the cogeneration unit amounting to 0.95. The energetic use of landfill gas containing methane is an optimal solution from an energy and environmental perspective to limit climate change.

2

Emissions of Gases and Dust into the Air as a Result of the Conversion of Landfill Gas into Electricity and Heat in a Cogeneration Plant

Zwolińska Natalia, Basta Emilia

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2024

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Tom 26

94--105

EN

The consequence of landfilling is biogas production in the waste bed, the main parameter of which is methane. The capture of biogas and its energetic use in a cogeneration system is the optimal solution for both environmental and energetic aspects. Nevertheless, the emission of gases and dust into the air from the cogeneration plant as a result of the combustion of biogas poses a potential threat not only to the surrounding ecosystem but also poses a serious risk to human health, especially to the respiratory system, leading to a variety of diseases. The gas and dust emission tests performed in the study showed significant values for CO2 173.08 [kg ∙ h-1] and for CO 0.7545 [kg ∙ -1-1], NO2 0.7129 [kg ∙ h-1], SO2 0.3958 [kg ∙ h-1] and total dust 0.0013 [kg ∙ h-1] respectively. The work aims to demonstrate the actual emissions of gases and dust into the air as a result of the combustion of landfill gas and to use them to calculate fees for the use of the environment. Since no emission standards have been defined for this type of installation and there is no need to use reducing devices, it is crucial to regularly monitor pollutant emissions by installation operators to optimize the biogas combustion process and reduce emissions. Replacing the reference values with measurement data regarding air emissions will make the actual impact of the cogeneration installation on the environment more realistic.

3

Study of the Quality of Surface Waters in the Sącz Agglomeration

Basta Emilia, Ciuła Józef

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 12

223--243

EN

To evaluate the water quality in the Poprad, Kamienica, Dunajec river and the Łubinka stream in the Sącz agglomeration, two series of pilot studies were conducted on raw water samples, with a particular focus on both physical parameters (such as total suspended matter, turbidity, pH, and conductivity) and chemical parameters. The analysis presented increased concentrations of phosphorus, nitrogen, BOD5, COD, chlorides, sulfates, permanganate value, orthophosphates, total suspended matter, specific electrolytic conductivity (PEW), pH levels, and various elements including lithium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium, calcium, and iron. No exceedance of the detection limits for individual pesticides were observed in the waters of the Poprad, Kamienica rivers and the Łubinka stream. Nevertheless, increased concentrations of the insecticide imidacloprid and the fungicide imazalil were detected in the Dunajec river. The primary factors impacting water quality in the Sącz agglomeration are the use of fertilizers, the proximity of wastewater treatment plants, and the presence of landfill sites.