Menopause is associated with numerous changes and disturbances in a woman’s body that reduce her quality of life. They include, among others, disturbances in bone metabolism and with the consequence developing osteopenia and osteoporosis as a result of estrogen deficiency in the body. Legume seeds and their products are a rich source of phytochemicals which, due to their chemical structure similar to estrogens, are estrogenic indicators. The article presents the current state of knowledge on their impact on bone metabolism. Its knowledge is important in planning the nutrition of perimenopausal women due to the knowledge of the risk of developing osteoporosis in this population group.
PL
Menopauza wiąże się z licznymi zmianami i zaburzeniami w organizmie kobiety, które obniżają jakość jej życia. Należą do nich m.in. zaburzenia metabolizmu kostnego i w konsekwencji rozwijająca się osteopenia i osteoporoza będące skutkiem niedoboru estrogenów w organizmie. Nasiona roślin strączkowych i produkty z nich otrzymywane są bogatym źródłem fitozwiązków, w tym o budowie chemicznej podobnej do estrogenów, wykazujących właściwości estrogenne. W artykule przedstawiono aktualny stan wiedzy na temat ich wpływu na metabolizm kostny. Jego znajomość jest istotna w planowaniu żywienia kobiet w wieku okołomenopauzalnym ze względu na możliwość zmniejszenia ryzyka rozwoju osteoporozy w tej grupie populacyjnej.
In team sports, the varied levels of physical demand associated with different field positions are reflected in the morphofunctional features of the players. The aim of this work was to recognize how the playing position in the team depends on the anthropometric profiles and the strength level of professional handball players. Methods: A body mass, stature, lower and upper extremity length, circumferences and skinfolds were measured in the male professional athletes. The body composition was analysed using a bioelectrical impedance method. Additionally, hand grip and back strength were measured. A statistical analysis was carried out using routinely statistic methods and principal component analysis. Results: Pivot players usually have the most athletic figure in terms of size and weight and relatively short legs. The backs are characterized by the android body type and low subcutaneous fat content, and a large mass of body cells. The backs and pivots have the same strength of back and hand grip. Goalkeepers have relatively long upper and lower limbs and high back and hand grip strength. The wingers are usually slender, have medium length limbs, low body fat percentage, significant extracellular mass and the lowest muscle strength. Conclusions: The results of the multivariate analysis were a notable and valuable addition to the study of morphological and strength differences in a group quite homogeneous like a handball team. The principal component analysis allowed for a reduction of the multidimensional structure to three variables describing body massiveness, strength, and the length and height aspect of the body.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.