Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Badania własności elektrycznych ogniw fotowoltaicznych

Drygała A., Szindler M., Szindler M., Dobrzański L. A.

LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania

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2018

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R. 23, nr 2

22--26

2

Carbon Nanomaterials Application as a Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Dobrzański A., Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M., Drygała A., Wierzbicka A., Lukaszkowicz K., Szindler M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2017

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Vol. 62, iss. 1

27--32

EN

The paper presents the results of the structure investigation of a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells using the carbon nanomaterials. Solar cells were fabricated on the glass with transparent conductive oxide TCO (10Ω/sq). Nanocrystalline titania based photoanode was prepared by spreading TiO2 paste onto TCO glass and subsequently annealed at 450°C for at least 30 min to convert anatase phase and make an interparticle network. After then the nanostructured titania films was immersed into an ethanolic solution of the ruthenium-based dye. As a counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells composite films of carbon nanomaterials and polystyrene sulfonate doped poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) PEDOT-PSS (Sigma-Aldrich) were deposited onto TCO substrates. Because carbon nanoelements and titanium oxide consist of nano-metric structural units to determine the properties of the cells and their parameters several surface sensitive techniques and methods, i.e. Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and electric properties of conductive layers were used.

3

The influence of laser surface alloying on the thermal fatigue resistance of hot work tool steels

Jonda E., Brytan Z., Labisz K., Drygała A.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 3

1309--1314

EN

The paper presents results of the effect of laser surface remelting and alloying by carbides powders of NbC, TaC, TiC, VC and WC on the structure and thermal fatigue resistance of the surface layer of hot work tool steels X40CrMoV5-l and 32CrMoV12-28. The laser surface alloying and remelting treatments was performed using a high power diode laser (HPDL ROFTN SLNAR DL 020). In order to investigate the effect of applied laser treatments and used alloying powders on the microstructure and thermal fatigue resistance of processed surface layer of hot work tool steels, the inicrostructure evaluation by light microscopy, hardness test, and dedicated thermal fatigue resistance test were performed. The best results regarding fatigue cracks inhibition was obtained when the surface of hot work tool steels was alloyed with TiC and VC carbides at the laser beam power of 2.0 and 2.3 kW. The grain refinement effect of laser remelting has a lower impact on the thermal crack inhibition, than a strong strengthening effect of matrix saturation in alloying elements and precipitation of fine carbides in the steel matrix.

4

Nanocrystalline TiO2 Powder Prepared by Sol-Gel Method for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Dobrzański L. A., Szindler M. M., Szindler M., Lukaszkowicz K., Drygała A., Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 2A

833--836

EN

In this study titanium dioxide nanopowder has been manufactured and examined. Nanocrystalline TiO2 powder has been obtained by hydrolysis and peptization of a solution of titanium isopropoxide and isopropanol. Subsequently, produced powder has been subjected to structural analysis by using a transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, and Raman spectrometer. For comparison purposes, a commercially available titanium dioxide powder (i.e. titanium white) was also used. Thin layers have been made from this powder and further have been examined by using a UV/VIS spectrometer. Completed research shows the nanocrystalline structure of obtained layers and their good properties such as absorbance at the range of wavelength equal 200 - 1000 nm.

5

Carbon Nanotubes Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Application

Drygała A., Dobrzański L. A., Szindler M., Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M., Pawlyta M., Lukaszowicz K.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 2A

803--806

EN

The influence of the carbon nanotubes counter electrode deposited on the FTO glass substrates on the structure and optoelectrical properties of dye-sensitized solar cells counter electrode (CE) was analysed. Carbon materials have been applied in DSSC s in order to produce low-cost solar cells with reasonable efficiency. Platinum is a preferred material for the counter electrode because of its high conductivity and catalytic activity. However, the costs of manufacturing of the platinum counter electrode limit its use to large-scale applications in solar cells. This paper presents the results of examining the structure and properties of the studied layers, defining optical properties of conductive layers and electrical properties of dye-sensitized solar cells manufactured with the use of carbon nanotubes. Such counter electrodes are promising for the future fabrication of stable, low-cost and effective dye-sensitized solar cells.

6

Transparent platinum counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

Dobrzański L. A., Szindler M., Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M., Drygała A., Lukaszkowicz K., Jung T., Szindler M.M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 68, nr 1

5--10

EN

Purpose: The objective of this article was to compare the surface morphology and structure of thin films deposited by screen printing and sputtering (PVD) methods. Design/methodology/approach: The morphology of the surface of the platinum thin films was performed using a scanning electron microscope Zeiss Supra 35. The detailed surface topography studies were made using an atomic force microscope XE-100 Park systems company. Roughness parameters were calculated using the software XEI. The whole study was complemented by X-ray crystallography. Findings: Results and their analysis show that the physical vapour deposition method allows the deposition of thin films with a better quality than the screen printing method. Practical implications: The platinum thin films are good potential material for electronics, optoelectronics and photovoltaics. Originality/value: The paper presents results of investigations on platinum thin films prepared with screen printing and sputtering (PVD) methods on a FTO glass substrate.

7

Graphene oxide film as semi-transparent counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell

Dobrzański L. A., Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M., Lukaszkowicz K., Drygała A., Szindler M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 73, nr 1

13--20

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to fabricate semi-transparent graphene oxide counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Design/methodology/approach: A thermal reduction is applied to decreased the amount of surface oxygen functionalities on graphene sheets. For this purpose thermal treatments in oven in 250°C and 500°C were used. Graphene oxide materials were mixed with PEDOT:PSS and then deposited on FTO glass by spin coating method. PEDOT:PSS was added to graphene oxide to increase conductivity and enhance film forming ability. Findings: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy measurement was carried out to monitor the degree of oxidation for the graphene samples. It has been found that annealing of graphene oxide counter electrodes under inert atmospheres enable a better ordering of graphene oxide films and also cause losing an oxygen functional groups, that makes layers become denser and smother, with a lower surface roughness, and thus less transparent. Research limitations/implications: It has been found that due to development of the technology of dye-sensitized solar cells with graphene oxide counter electrode, it is possible to lowering a production costs by replacing a costly platinum. It is advisable to take into account in the further experiments application of counter electrode on different kinds of substrates in the selected process parameters, and research for using them in DSSC cells mass production. Practical implications: DSSC cells are an interesting alternative to silicon solar cells. Presented in this paper results showed possibilities of modify dye-sensitized solar cells by replacing costly platinum. Originality/value: It was shown that dye-sensitized solar cells with graphene oxide counter electrode can be used in building integrated photovoltaic.

8

Influence of carbon nanotubes on properties of dye-sensitised solar cells

Dobrzański L. A., Wierzbicka A., Drygała A., Lukaszkowicz K.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 74, nr 1

32--44

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to examine the influence of carbon nanotubes on the properties of dye-sensitised solar cells. Design/methodology/approach: The research material consisted of samples of glass plates with a conductive layer of FTO onto which layers were subsequently deposited of TiO2 titanium dioxide and titanium dioxide with an absorbed dye, a high conductivity PEDOT:PSS polymer with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon black and graphite. Findings: The application of carbon nanotubes as one of electrodes in a dye-sensitised solar cell is significantly improving the effectiveness of the dye-sensitised solar cell being manufactured. Research limitations/implications: Carbon nanotubes are a good potential material for optoelectronics and photovoltaics. Practical implications: Carbon nanotube electrodes feature high conductivity and high visible light transmission. Originality/value: It is possible to change a structure of a dye-sensitised solar cell by replacing the commonly used platinum in a counter electrode with another electrode permeable for visible light made of a high conductivity PEDOT:PSS polymer with multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

9

Railway Bridge – Assessment of Existing Objects and Possibility of Modernization

Błaszkiewicz D., Drygała A., Murzyn I. J.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 4

4158--4163, CD6

EN

In the paper authors made the review and assessment of the state on the lines operated by PKP PLK railway bridges in Poland. Presents possibilities of the changing the construction of track structure which can significantly affect the quality of the basic parameters of the track. Describes the types of track that can be applied to improve the quality of driving and adjusting it to a higher speed. In this part of the work authors describe the technical requirements for railway bridges. It is shown discussion about basic normative requirements which must be met both the engineering objects and railway track in those objects. Discusses the differences related to the design of buildings according to Polish and Eurocode standards. Have also described the Polish requirements which must be met to railway truck on the railway bridge.

PL

W pracy autorzy dokonali oceny stanu technicznego obiektów na liniach obsługiwanych przez PKP PLK. Szczególnej analizie zostały poddane mosty kolejowe. Przedstawiono możliwości zmian, które mogą znacząco wpłynąć na jakość podstawowych parametrów tychże obiektów. W pracy przedstawiono typy torów, które mogą być stosowane w celu poprawy jakości jazdy i dostosowanie jej do kolei wyższej prędkości.

10

Technology of dye-sensitized solar cells with carbon nanotubes

Dobrzański L., Mucha A., Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M., Drygała A., Łukaszkowicz K.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 70, nr 2

70--76

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to fabricate the dye-sensitized solar cells DSSC with carbon nanotube. Design/methodology/approach: The main aim this work was to improve the technological conditions of conventional dye solar cells by the application of nanostructured materials (MWCNTs) as one of the electrodes of the cell and to prove that the use of this type of nanomaterials increases the efficiency of dye solar cell electrodes. Findings: Carbon materials can be used as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells by replacing a costly platinum. Research limitations/implications: It has been found that due to the technology of developed conventional DSSC and cells with the carbon nanotubes, it is possible to lowering a production costs. It is advisable to take into account in the further experiments application of variables of different kinds of materials in the selected process parameters, and research for the use them in DSSC cells production. Practical implications: Presented in this paper results showed possibilities of modifying DSSC cells in terms of architecture, which should be correlated with the parameters of current-voltage and optical. DSSC cells are an interesting alternative to silicon solar cells. The stage of scientific research conducted around the world suggests that in the near future DSSC are fully commercially available. Originality/value: It was shown that the DSSC cells can be used as promising materials used in building-integrated photovoltaic.

11

Electrical properties mono- and polycrystalline silicon solar cells

Dobrzański L.A., Szczęsna M., Szindler M., Drygała A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 59, nr 2

67--74

EN

Purpose: The goal of this article was to compare the properties of mono- and polycrystalline silicon solar cells. It was based on measurements performed of current-voltage characteristics and calculated parameters using mathematical formulas. Design/methodology/approach: Light and dark current-voltage characteristics of solar cells were measured using a solar simulator PV Test Solutions company SS150AAA model. The measurements were performed under standard conditions (Pin = 1000 W/m², AM1.5G spectrum, T = 25°C). The basic characteristic of the solar cells were determined using the software SolarLab and calculated using mathematical formulas. Findings: Results and their analysis allow to conclude that measurements of current-voltage characteristics enable characterization of the basic parameters of solar cells. Can give important information about the property of prepared metallic contacts on the solar cells. Practical implications: Knowledge about the current-voltage characteristics of solar cells and their basic parameters enables the assessment of the quality of their production and the improvement. Originality/value: The paper presents some researches of the basic parameters of mono- and polycrystalline solar cells determining the current-voltage characteristics.

12

Obróbka laserowa powierzchni krzemu polikrystalicznego

Dobrzański L. A., Drygała A.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2013

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Vol. 34, nr 6

661--664

PL

Jednym ze sposobów pozyskiwania tzw. „czystej” energii jest zastosowanie ogniw fotowoltaicznych, które umożliwiają bezpośrednie przetwarzanie promieniowania słonecznego na energię elektryczną. Podstawowym celem badań i rozwoju fotowoltaiki jest zwiększenie sprawności ogniw słonecznych. Jednak dalszy rozwój fotowoltaiki jest związany z postępem w dziedzinie nauk materiałowych i technologii. Straty spowodowane odbiciem promieniowania słonecznego od przedniej powierzchni ogniw sprawiają, że na świecie prowadzi się intensywne badania nad jego zmniejszeniem. Standardową metodą teksturowania krzemu monokrystalicznego jest trawienie w alkalicznych roztworach KOH lub NaOH. Kryształ trawi się z różną szybkością w różnych kierunkach krystalograficznych, co stwarza duże możliwości jego przestrzennego kształtowania, a w przypadku krzemu o orientacji (100) na powierzchni uzyskuje się losowo rozmieszczone piramidy. Niestety trawienie w zasadowych roztworach krzemu polikrystalicznego nie przynosi tego samego rezultatu ze względu na dużą selektywność tych odczynników trawiących w odniesieniu do różnych orientacji krystalograficznych poszczególnych ziaren. W związku z tym ogranicza to ich zastosowanie w teksturowaniu krzemu polikrystalicznego. W pracy zbadano możliwość teksturowania powierzchni krzemu polikrystalicznego z wykorzystaniem obróbki laserowej w grubowarstwowej technologii wytwarzania ogniw fotowoltaicznych. Tekstura wytworzona za pomocą lasera neodymowego Nd:YAG umożliwia znaczne zmniejszenie współczynnika odbicia światła dla przygotowanych w ten sposób krzemowych płytek. Laserowa obróbka powierzchni krzemu polikrystalicznego stanowi ciekawą alternatywę w porównaniu z chemicznymi i elektrochemicznymi metodami teksturowania, stwarzając możliwość precyzyjnej obróbki.

EN

One way of obtaining the so-called „clean” energy is the use of photovoltaic cells that allow the direct conversion of sunlight into electricity. The primary objective of the research and development of photovoltaics is to increase the efficiency of solar cells. However, further development of photovoltaics is related to progress in the field of materials and technologies. Intensive studies on the reduction of losses due to reflection of incident radiation from the front surface of solar cells are carried out all over the world. The standard method of texturing monocrystalline silicon is etching in alkaline solutions of KOH or NaOH. Crystal etching proceeds at different speeds in different crystallographic directions, which creates great potential of its spatial forming. For the silicon surface of orientation (100) texture of randomly arranged pyramids is obtained. Unfortunately, the etching of polycrystalline silicon in alkaline solutions does not provide the same result due to the high selectivity of these etchants for different crystallographic orientation of individual grains. Consequently, this limits their use in texturing polycrystalline silicon. The present paper studies the possibility of surface texturing using laser treatment of polycrystalline silicon solar cells produced in thick film technology. Texture produced by Nd:YAG laser can substantially reduce the reflectivity of textured silicon wafers. Laser surface treatment of polycrystalline silicon is an interesting alternative in comparison with chemical and electrochemical texturing methods, making it possible for high-precision processing.

13

Selection of components for photovoltaic system

Dobrzański L.A., Drygała A., Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 62, nr 2

53--59

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to determinate basic parameters for components of demonstrative system which is traffic light pedestrian crossing. Design/methodology/approach: Photovoltaic module was produced from monocrystalline silicon solar cells which were joined in series. Photovoltaic system consists of solar module, astable generator, step-down converter and battery pack. Findings: It`s necessary to protect photovoltaic system from external factor like unstable light conditions, variable input voltage, shading. Taking this fact into account photovoltaic system with step-down converter was designed. Step-down converter adjust the voltage of photovoltaic module to the voltage of battery protecting them from overcharging and discharging. Research limitations/implications: The main goal of this work is to show the practical use of widely available, renewable energy source, which is the Sun through the selection of component for the demonstrative photovoltaic system -traffic light pedestrian crossing. Practical implications: In order to provide access to electricity in areas with limited access to power network, there irreplaceable are stand-alone photovoltaic systems, which can supply both AC and DC devices. Originality/value: The produced photovoltaic system confirms the usefulness of solar energy in every place where sunlight is available. In order to provide steady supply at night and in low sunlight the battery stores energy was applied.

14

Teksturowanie powierzchni krzemu polikrystalicznego z wykorzystaniem lasera Nd:YAG

Drygała A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2012

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z. 59, nr 2/II/I

169-172

PL

Podstawowym celem badań i rozwoju fotowoltaiki jest zwiększenie sprawności ogniw słonecznych. Straty spowodowane odbiciem promieniowania słonecznego od przedniej powierzchni ogniw sprawiają, że na świecie prowadzi się intensywne badania nad jego zmniejszeniem. Przypadkowy rozkład orientacji krystalograficznej ziaren w krzemie polikrystalicznym powoduje trudności w wytworzeniu jednorodnej tekstury na całej jego powierzchni, a zastosowanie techniki laserowej jest jedną z najbardziej obiecujących metod teksturowania powierzchni krzemu polikrystalicznego.

EN

The present study investigated the possibility of laser treatment for surface texturing of polycrystalline silicon. Laser surface treatment of silicon is an interesting alternative in comparison with the chemical and electrochemical methods texturing, making it possible precision machining on the surface however damages caused by the treatment must be removed in order to obtain good electrical properties of photovoltaic cells, which can be achieved by chemical etching.

15

Monocrystalline silicon solar cells applied in photovoltaic system

Dobrzański L. A., Drygała A., Giedroć M., Macek M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 53, nr 1

7--13

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to fabricate the monocrystalline silicon solar cells using the conventional technology by means of screen printing process and to make of them photovoltaic system. Design/methodology/approach: The investigation of current - voltage characteristic to determinate basic electrical properties of monocrystalline silicon solar cells were investigated under Standard Test Condition. Photovoltaic module was produced from solar cells with the largest short-circuit current, which were joined in series. Findings: This work presents a conventional technological process by means of screen printed method of monocrystalline silicon solar cells production. In order to obtain a device producing an electrical energy, solar cells were connected in a photovoltaic module. Then protected from damages by Schottky and Zener diodes. Practical implications: The module was used to build a demonstration photovoltaic system - traffic light - pedestrian crossing, which shows the practical use of widely available, renewable energy source which is the Sun. Originality/value: The key to solve ecological problems, which are effects of mass combustion of fossil fuel such as: coal and crude oil is development of renewable energy technology like photovoltaic energy.

16

Laser texturing and microtreatment of silicon for photovoltaics

Dobrzański L. A., Drygała A., Musztyfaga M.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2012

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Vol. 53, nr 6

89-91

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wykorzystanie technik laserowych do teksturowania powierzchni krzemu oraz selektywnego spiekania laserowego elektrod przednich na powierzchni krzemu.

17

TEM investigations of laser texturized polycrystalline silicon solar cell

Konieczny J., Dobrzański L., Drygała A., Lelątko J.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 56, nr 1

22-29

EN

Purpose: The presented in this paper research results concern investigation of phase transformation of the surface structure of polycrystalline silicon solar cell. The surface of boron doped polycrystalline silicon wafers were texturised by means of diode-pumped pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser crystal (Nd:YAG). Investigations were carried out on transmission electron microscope (TEM) to observe the changes that occurred after laser treatment of the surface layer. Changes in microstructure of the surface layer of solar cells under the influence of the laser beam are presented using the analysis phase and dislocations present in the microstructure. Observations were carried out on prepared thin foils. Moreover, diffraction patterns from selected regions of textured wafers were solved to qualify phase transformations under influence of laser beam. Design/methodology/approach: Investigations were carried out on the Transmission Electron Microscope JEM 3010 supplied by JEOL with 300 kV accelerating voltage equipped with an electronic camera configured with a computer. The microstructure was obtained in the bright field image as well dark field working in a magnification range of 10000x to ca. 100000x. Phases identification was performed by means of selected area diffraction (SAD) method, where for diffraction pattern calculations the computer software “Eldyf” was used, kindly supplied by the Institute of Materials Science, University of Silesia. Findings: The research included analyze of the influence of laser treatment conditions on geometry, roughness and size of laser made surface texture of silicon wafer applied for solar cells. Research limitations/implications: Paper contributes to research on silicon surface processing using laser beam. Practical implications: Conducted investigations may be applied in optimisation process of solar cell surface processing. Originality/value: The range of possible applications increases for example as materials for solar cells placed on building constructions, elements in electronics and construction parts in automobile industry.

18

Structure and electrical properties of screen printed contacts on silicon solar cells

Dobrzański L. A., Musztyfaga M., Drygała A., Kwaśny W., Panek P.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 45, nr 2

141--147

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper was to apply a conventional method - “screen printing” using micrometric pastes to improve the quality of forming front side metallization of monocrystalline solar cells. Design/methodology/approach: The topography of co-fired in the infrared belt furnace front contacts were investigated using confocal laser scanning microscope and scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectrometer for microchemical analysis. There were researched both surface topography and cross section of front contacts using SEM microscope. Phase composition analyses of chosen front contacts were done using the XRD method. Front contacts were formed on the surface with different morphology of the solar cells: textured with coated antireflection layer, textured without coated antireflection layer, non-textured with coated antireflection layer, non-textured without coated antireflection layer. The medium size of the pyramids was measured using the atomic force microscope (AFM). Resistance of front electrodes was investigated using Transmission Line Model (TLM). Findings: The high of deposited front metallization has an influence on value obtained from the contact resistance. This high of silver contact depends on: a paste composition, obtained structure after fired into a infrared belt furnace, the quantity and type of creating connections material molecules between themselves and with a silicon substrate. Research limitations/implications: The contact resistance of the screen-printed front metallization depends not only on the paste composition and firing conditions, but is also strongly influenced by the surface morphology of the silicon substrate. Originality/value: This paper investigates the front contact formation using silver pastes about different composition on silicon solar cells in order to decrease contact resistance and increase efficiency in this way.

19

Wpływ obróbki laserowej na topografie powierzchni krzemu polikrystalicznego

Dobrzański L. A., Drygała A.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2011

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Vol. 52, nr 4

53-54

PL

W ramach niniejszej pracy przedstawiono wpływ warunków obróbki laserowej na topografię powierzchni krzemu polikrystalicznego. Chemiczna metoda teksturowania powierzchni przez trawienie w wodnych roztworach wodorotlenków stosowanych dla krzemu monokrystalicznego jest nieefektywna w przypadku krzemu polikrystalicznego z uwagi na przypadkową orientację krystaliczną poszczególnych ziaren. W związku z tym w pracy zastosowano laserową obróbkę do teksturowania powierzchni krzemu polikrystalicznego.

EN

The paper presents influence of laser processing on polycrystalline silicon surface topography. Texturing of monocrystalline silicon is usually done by etching in alkaline solutions. These methods are inefficient for polycrystalline silicon due to the presence of random crystallographic grain orientations and high selectivity of etching along specific directions. In this paper laser processing was applied to texturing of polycrystalline silicon surface.

20

Porównanie struktury i właściwości elektrycznych przednich elektrod ogniw słonecznych wypalanych w piecu taśmowym i selektywnie spiekanych laserowo

Dobrzański L. A., Musztyfaga M., Drygała A., Panek P.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2011

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Vol. 52, nr 4

50-52

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań metalograficznych i właściwości elektrycznych elektrody przedniej ogniwa fotowoltaicznego wytworzonego metodą konwencjonalną (przez wypalanie w piecu taśmowym) oraz niekonwencjonalną (przez selektywne spiekanie laserowe). Rezystancję elektrody przedniej oraz strefy jej połączenia z podłożem krzemowym wyznaczono metodą linii transmisyjnych.

EN

The paper presented research results of metallographic and electrical properties of front electrode photovoltaic cell manufactured using both the conventional (by cells fired in a belt furnace) and the unconventional (by selective laser sintering) methods. Resistance of front contact and its connection zone with silicon substrate was investigated using Transmission Line Model (TLM).