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1

Tester paneli fotowoltaicznych

Biernat K., Kozłowski W., Wójtowicz S., Zawistowski M.

Prace Instytutu Elektrotechniki

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2017

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Z. 276

59--68

PL

Elektrownie fotowoltaiczne składają się z paneli łączonych elektrycznie w układzie szeregowo-równoległym. Naturalny produkcyjny rozrzut technologiczny powoduje różnice w użytecznych parametrach elektrycznych. W Zakładzie Systemów Pomiarowo-Diagnostycznych Instytutu Elektrotechniki opracowano tester paneli fotowoltaicznych z przeznaczeniem do kontroli dostaw przed trwałą instalacją na konstrukcji mechanicznej. Tester może być także wykorzystany do kontroli finalnej w procesie produkcyjnym. Podano architekturę funkcjonalną urządzenia oraz przeprowadzono analizę pomiaru charakterystyk prądowo-napięciowych w funkcji oświetlenia. Przeprowadzono analizę niepewności pomiaru.

EN

Photovoltaic power plants consist of panels electrically connected in series-parallel arrangement. Natural scattering of technological production leading to differences in electrical parameters. Department of Measurement and Diagnostic Systems, Electrotechnical Institute developed tester for photovoltaic panels intended to control the delivery before permanent installation for mechanical position. The tester can also be used to final control the manufacturing process. The functional architecture of the device are given and an analysis of measuring current-voltage characteristics as a function of illumination. Was performed analysis of measurement uncertainty.

2

Road project assessment within the framework of sustainable development

Kozłowski W., Gołębiewski D.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2017

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nr 1

181--196

EN

Local development is a dynamic process which mainly relies on qualitative and quantitative changes, accordingly to the needs of the local communities. One of the decisive circumstances of local development is an efficient road infrastructure. The main problem, in terms of road projects, is their socio-economic evaluation. The article presents a model for assessing S16 national road construction project, on the basis of four groups of indicators. The indicators monitor the changes occurring in the districts, located along the road corridor S16, within the framework of sustainable development. Results of the research give opportunity to a more detailed analysis and evaluation of road projects, furthermore they make a strong foundation for the exploration of cause-and-effect relations between the investments in infrastructure and the quality of life in the region.

3

Nowe pierwotne konduktometryczne materiały odniesienia GUM – wytwarzanie i certyfikacja

Dumańska J., Pietrzak A., Kozłowski W.

Metrologia i Probiernictwo : biuletyn Głównego Urzędu Miar

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2016

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nr 2 (13)

24--29

PL

W artykule opisano metody wytwarzania i certyfikacji opracowanych w Laboratorium Elektrochemii nowych pierwotnych konduktometrycznych materiałów odniesienia (CRMs). Certyfikację obejmującą wzorcowanie RMs metodą podstawową, badania jednorodności oraz stabilności krótko- i długoterminowej wykonywano zgodnie z przewodnikami ISO Guide 34 i ISO Guide 35 oraz normą PN-EN ISO/IEC 17025. Nowe pierwotne konduktometryczne CRMs odtwarzają następujące wartości przewodności elektrycznej właściwej: 0,01 S/m, 0,1 S/m, 1 S/m i 10 S/m (wartości nominalne) i stanowią źródło spójności dla wtórnych konduktometrycznych CRMs stosowanych w pomiarach rutynowych. Konduktometryczne CRMs są stosowane do wzorcowania przyrządów pomiarowych (czujniki konduktometryczne, konduktometry) w celu zapewnienia spójności wyników pomiarów (z jednostkami układu SI – S i m) oraz ich porównywalności.

EN

Methods of preparation and certification of new primary electrolytic conductivity certified reference materials (CRMs), developed in Laboratory of Electrochemistry, are presented. Certification consisting of calibration of RMs by primary method, homogeneity, short-term and long-term stability studies were performed in accordance with ISO Guide 34, ISO Guide 35 and PN-EN ISO/IEC 17025. New primary electrolytic conductivity CRMs reproduce the following values of electrolytic conductivity: 0,01 S/m, 0,1 S/m, 1 S/m and 10 S/m (nominal values) and are the source of traceability for secondary CRMs. Electrolytic conductivity CRMs are used for calibration of measurement devices (conductivity cells and conductivity meters) to ensure the traceability of measurement results (to the SI units – S and m) and their comparability.

4

Three-Wheeler Electric Energy Saving Vehicle Prototype and Experimental Energy Intensive Research

Obst M., Kozłowski W., Gajda A.

Machine Dynamics Research

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2016

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Vol. 40, No. 4

33--50

EN

The three-wheeled vehicle construction and ready prototype are described. The vehicle is equipped with two energy recovery systems: one based on lithium-ion battery and electrical engine while the other one is applied with the spring mechanisms to accumulate energy. Both systems are combined together by an energy managing system based on a microcontroller. The construction serves as a testing and developing platform for energy save and recovery systems. At the end of the paper conveyed studies involving the vehicle range and efficiency are described and discussed.

5

The Reorganization of the Traffic in the city of Opole during the Renovation of Niemodliński Bridge

Kozłowski W., Oleś K., Buchta D., Maślanka A., Marzec T., Olejnik B.

Logistics and Transport

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2016

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Vol. 29, No. 1

47--56

EN

In the near future the city of Opole, as well as the whole Opole Voivodship are going to suffer from a serious problem connected with the traffic system which provides for closing of the core bridge crossing from one part of the city to another one – the Ulga canal. The condition of the bridge crossing at Niemodlińska Street is constantly deteriorating. After the first expertise had been conducted by a construction supervision, the decision to close the bridge on 1st June 2015 was made. The decision is justified by the safety reasons and disastrous technical state of the bridge crossing. In order to delay the moment of the closing and lighten the bridge, the inside lanes were changed into bus lanes and thereby the centre of gravity has been moved closer to the bridge crossing axis. Cars are going to use outside lanes. In front of the bridge vehicles height limiters were set in order to eliminate trucks from the traffic. For this kind of vehicles a special detour was created (Wrocławska Street, Road No 45). After this procedure the next expertise of construction supervision was conducted whereby the exclusion of the bridge from the traffic was delayed for one year. For the time being, it is known that the third expertise is being prepared. During the bridge renovation the car drivers and public transport passengers who travel to work every day are going to come across the serious communication problem.

6

Recent studies on the Silurian of the western part of Ukraine

Łuczyński P., Skompski S., Kozłowski W.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 3

281--297

EN

The paper summarises the effects of recent studies carried out by a team from the Department of Historical and Regional Geology of the Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw on the upper Silurian of Podolia (western part of Ukraine). The sedimentary history of the Silurian succession of Podolia is characterised by its cyclic pattern, with shallowing-upward cyclothems. In the traditional interpretation, the occurrence of stromatoporoid beds within each cyclothem marks the deepest (or most open-marine) sedimentary environment within the cycle. According to the results of recent studies, their occurrence is connected rather with a relatively shallow-water environment and with high energy phenomena. A substantial reinterpretation of the main sedimentary processes governing the deposition and facies distribution on the shelf is presented. Particularly, there are recognised and described high-energy sedimentary events repeatedly punctuating the generally calm sedimentation that prevailed in the lagoonal settings, some of which are interpreted as tsunami induced. Further perspectives for studies on the Silurian successions of Podolia are also discussed. The main problem is the precise correlation of particular sections that are scattered over vast distances and developed in similar facies associations.

7

Automatic ROI selection in virtual slide images for assessment of pathomorphological diagnostic

Markiewcz T., Świderska Ż., Grala B., Kozłowski W.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2015

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R. 91, nr 7

1-4

EN

This paper describes the automatic region of interest selection method in virtual slide images for assessment of pathomorphological diagnostic. The proposed method for identification of high concentration of immunopositive cancer cells is based on specimen area recognition, segmentation of the immunopositive cells, local maxima recognition on cell density map and function of penalty to avoid the too high concentration of the selected ROIs. The obtained results confirm, that average 8.6±1.4 of 10 reaction fields chosen manually were compliant regionally with regions selected automatically, which is a high compliance of specimen histological examination.

PL

W pracy zaproponowano metodę automatycznego wyboru obszarów zainteresowań w obrazach wirtualnych preparatów jako narzędzie wspierające diagnostykę patomorfologiczną. Zaproponowane metoda identyfikacji obszarów o wysokiej koncentracji immunododatnich komórek nowotworowych bazuje na wydzielaniu obszaru tkanki z obrazu, segmentacji komórek immunododatnich, wykrywaniu lokalnych maksimów na mapie gęstości rozkładu komórek oraz zaproponowanej funkcji kary w celu uniknięcia nadmiernej koncentracji zwracanych obszarów zainteresowań. Wyniki liczbowe wskazują, iż średnio 8.6±1.4 na 10 wybranych pól manualnie oraz automatycznie jest tożsamych obszarowo, co skutkuje wysoką zgodność oceny histologicznej przypadków.

8

A sequential extended regional maxima transformation with contrast-based criterion for image segmentation

Markiewcz T., Dziekiewicz M., Kozłowski W.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2015

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R. 91, nr 7

13-15

EN

This paper describes the sequential extended regional maxima transformation combined with the contrast-based criterion for establishing a sub-optimal h-value. This method is applied to computed tomography angiography and histological image segmentation. The presented method is effective for high and low contrasted arteries, which are detected in 94.3% exactly and in 97.7% with area tolerance, and also for cell nuclei segmentation with near 95% of accuracy.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zastosowanie transformaty rozszerzonych maksimów lokalnych połączoną z kryterium opartym na kontraście celem ustalenia suboptymalnej wartości parametru h. Zaproponowana metoda została wykorzystana do analizy obrazów tomografii komputerowej naczyń oraz obrazów histologicznych. Okazała się ona wysoce skuteczna dla identyfikacji naczyń z różnym poziomem zakontrastowania, pozwalając na około 96% ich rozpoznawalność, jak również blisko 95% skuteczność w segmentacji jąder komórek w obrazach mikroskopowych.

9

Marketing Społecznie Zaangażowany – szansa dla innowacji społecznych

Kozłowski W., Rutkowska A.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 2

1518--1522, CD2

PL

W obliczu powszechnej zgodności i jednomyślności, że środowiskowe i społeczne zagadnienia stają się ważnymi, strategicznymi obszarami zaangażowania biznesu, wartościowe jest określenie związku między marketingiem społecznie zaangażowanym, będącym praktycznym odzwierciedleniem realizacji koncepcji społecznie odpowiedzialnej firmy a innowacjami, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem innowacji społecznych. W tym kontekście, w artykule podano argumenty potwierdzające potencjał marketingu społecznie odpowiedzialnego do kreowania innowacji produktowych, odwołując się do koncepcji społeczeństwa obywatelskiego, jako fundamentu społecznego angażowania się firm i konsumentów, oraz pojęcia innowacji społecznych.

EN

In the face of general consensus and unanimity that the environmental and social issues become important, strategic areas of business involvement, value is to determine the relationship between social cause marketing, being practical dimension of the concept of socially responsible corporation, and innovations, with particular emphasis on social innovation. In this context, the paper presents arguments in support of social cause marketing potential to create product innovations, referring to the concept of civil society as the foundation of social involvement of companies and consumers, and the concept of social innovation.

10

The Concept Design of Redevelopment of the 1543D County Road Connecting Jelcz-Laskowice to Nowy Dwór, with the Use of Innovative, Long-Lived Pavements

Kozłowski W., Witkowska R.

Logistics and Transport

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2015

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Vol. 28, No. 4

81--88

EN

The road that connects two towns Jelcz-Laskowice and Nowy Dwór, located in the Lower Silesia province, in Oława county, in Jelcz-Laskowice borough, with the number 1543D is a county road. It requires redevelopment due to the fact that at present it does not meet the norms in force, and it is a dirt (unpaved) road. According to maps of the Oława county, from the direction of Jelcz-Laskowice it crosses with the 1551D road, and from the direction of Nowy Dwór it connects to the 1546D road whose total length is 3,700 km.

11

Project for the Terminus at Redycka Street

Kozłowski W., Szewczyk M., Szlązak J., Czechowicz W., Markowski K., Krawczyk D., Wdowczyk P.

Logistics and Transport

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2015

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Vol. 28, No. 4

73--80

EN

The aim of the paper is to present a modernization project for the terminus at Redycka street in Wroclaw. The social amenity for the drivers and for the terminus staff has been designed. Additional equipment has been suggested, whose aim is to improve the terminus proper functioning. Also staff and passengers comfort has been taken into consideration. Proper pavement for the terminus has been designed as well.

12

Opole – A Cyclist-Friendly City

Kozłowski W., Korzus P., Kos M., Korzec P.

Logistics and Transport

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2015

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Vol. 28, No. 4

51--58

EN

The main objective of the paper is to present the way to modernize the network of cycling paths so that cycling is more pleasant, safer and more convenient [15]. We want to change the means of transport from the car or bus onto your bike.

13

New Road Pavement Technologies – Examples of Applications in Poland

Kozłowski W., Kucharski L.

Logistics and Transport

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2015

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Vol. 28, No. 4

67--72

EN

The paper presents the applications of new road pavement technologies in Poland. The dynamic growth of car traffic in Poland has been observed. The average daily traffic on international roads has doubled over the last decade. It is estimated that it went from 6 to 12 thousand of vehicles per day. There are also road sections where the traffic flow significantly exceeds the level of 20 thousand vehicles daily. General traffic measurements which are systematically carried out by the road administration confirm this phenomenon. With this increase in traffic, the roads in Poland have been devastated. A fairly common phenomenon is rutting which is the result of driving overloaded trucks, especially in summer. The choice of the type of road pavement poses the problem for both investors and administrators. Without a doubt, factors to be taken into consideration include: 1. Technical conditions 2. Economic aspects 3. Availability of technologies and materials. Regardless of technical and economic conditions, one cannot eliminate any road paving technology, but seriously consider the alternatives: bitumen (asphalt) or concrete pavement.

14

Modernization Project for 1592D District Road Connecting Wierzbno with Polwica, Using High Modulus Asphalt Concrete AC WMS

Kozłowski W., Jarosławska M.

Logistics and Transport

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2015

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Vol. 28, No. 4

43--50

EN

The paper presents a proposal for the modernization of a district road No. 1592D relation Polwica-Wierzbno. The aim of the modernization is to improve communication accessibility, increase traffic safety, ride comfort, and to adapt the surface to the current requirements. The technical condition of the road is insufficient, the surface is damaged, roadsides unsuitable and do not have adequate drainage. The degree of damage depends on many different factors. Over the last few years we have been observing significant growth of both transport and construction works. The main factor, influencing the condition of road pavements is high traffic, which results from agriculture development, and the same time more intensive participation of agricultural vehicles in slow-speed traffic, development of heavy good vehicles’ traffic, development of local population and growth of passenger vehicles.

15

Innovative Solutions for Partial Overhaul of Bituminous Roads Using SPRIDER

Kozłowski W., Kucharski L.

Logistics and Transport

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2015

|

Vol. 28, No. 4

59--66

EN

The vast majority of roads in Poland have asphalt pavement. Often these were surfaces designed and made in 80s. Today, many of these roads are in operation under much greater traffic and exceeded load design values. This results in degradation and destruction of the road surface. Due to the large backlog of road repairs and many years of negligence regarding road infrastructure resulting from financial constraints of road managers, an urgent need arose to repair several kilometers of asphalt roads, colloquially speaking, at the drop of a hat. Resurfacing and overhauls were first performed on national roads and, to a limited extent, on the roads of lower functional classes. Technologies currently used leave much to be desired in terms of quality and economy. One way to reduce the cost of labor and contracting, while increasing the quality of the work, is to search for solutions using new technologies. Those using SPRIDER are certainly innovative. This paper presents this technology compared to those commonly used and the very system for evaluating the condition of roads and classifying them for repairs.

16

Thresholding techniques for segmentation of atherosclerotic plaque and lumen areas in vascular arteries

Markiewicz T., Dziekiewicz M., Osowski S., Maruszyński M., Kozłowski W., Bogusławska-Walecka R.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 1

269--280

EN

The paper develops the automatic methods of segmentation of the blood vessel area in the images of the multi-slice computed tomography, allowing to separate the lumen from the atherosclerotic plaque areas. The solution is based on the application of different implementations of thresholding, including between class variance in a bimodal mode, Gaussian mixture modeling, clustering technique, polynomial and multilayer perceptron approximations. These methods are compared with many examples of arteries of different percentage of the plaque occupancy in the iliac and femoral arteries. The numerical results of segmentation have been verified by the medical experts and prove its usefulness in medical practice. The presented system can find application in an automatic evaluation of the atherosclerosis progression/regression of patients on the basis of sequence of Computed Tomography slice images.

17

Regressive-transgressive cyclothem with facies record of the re-flooding window in the Late Silurian carbonate succession (Podolia, Ukraine)

Łuczyński P., Kozłowski W., Skompski S.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2015

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Vol. 65, no. 3

297--318

EN

The term “re-flooding window” was recently proposed as a time-interval connected with the transgressive stage of present day peri-reefal development. In the analysis presented here, a fossil record of a re-flooding window has been recognized. Nine Late Silurian carbonate sections exposed on the banks of the Dnister River in Podolia (Ukraine) have been correlated base on bed-by-bed microfacies analysis and spectral gamma ray (SGR) measurements. Correlated were sections representing settings ranging from the inner part of a shallow-water carbonate platform to its slope, through an organic buildup. The reconstructed depositional scenario has been divided into six development stages, with the first three representing a regressive interval and the latter three a transgressive interval of the basin’s history. The re-flooding window has been identified at the beginning of a transgressive part of the succession. Surprisingly, it is characterized by an extremely fast growth of a shallow, tide-dominated platform and by deposition of calciturbiditic layers in a more basinal area. The interpreted succession is a small-scale model illustrating the reaction of carbonate depositional sub-environments to sea level changes and determining the facies position of the stromatoporoid buildups within the facies pattern on a Silurian shelf. The use of SGR analyses in shallow water, partly high-energy, carbonate facies, both for correlation purposes and for identifying depositional systems, is a relatively new method, and thus can serve as a reference for other studies of similar facies assortment.

18

Recognition of atherosclerotic plaques and their extended dimensioning with computerized tomography angiography imaging

Markiewicz T., Dziekiewicz M., Maruszyński M., Bogusławska-Walecka R., Kozłowski W.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2014

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Vol. 24, no. 1

33--47

EN

In this paper the authors raise the issue of automatic discrimination of atherosclerotic plaques within an artery lumen based on numerical and statistical thresholding of Computerized Tomography Angiographic (CTA) images and their advanced dimensioning as a support for preoperative vessel assessment. For the study, a set of tomograms of the aorta, as well as the ilio-femoral and femoral arteries were examined. In each case a sequence of about 130–480 images of the artery cutoff planes were analyzed prior to their segmentation based on morphological image transformation. A crucial step in the staging of atherosclerotic alteration is recognition of the plaque in the CTA image. To solve this problem, statistical and linear fitting methods, including the least-squares approximation by polynomial and spline polynomial functions, as well as the error fitting function were used. Also, new descriptors of atherosclerotic changes, such as the lumen decrease factor, the circumference occupancy factor, and the convex plaque area factor, are proposed as a means of facilitating preoperative vessel examination. Finally, ways to reduce the computational time are discussed. The proposed methods can be very useful for automatic quantification of atherosclerotic changes visualized by CTA imaging.

19

Geochemistry and petrology of the Upper Silurian greywackes from the Holy Cross Mountains (central Poland) : implications for the Caledonian history of the southern part of the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ)

Kozłowski W., Domańska-Siuda J., Nawrocki J.

Geological Quarterly

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2014

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Vol. 58, No. 2

311--336

EN

The Ludlovian greywackes of the Holy Cross Mountains (HCM) represent a part of the sedimentary cover of the Łysogóry and Małopolska terranes located in the Trans-European Suture Zone, central Poland. The rocks form the sedimentary infill of the Caledonian foreland basin that developed at the Tornquist margin of Laurussia and had source-areas located on the orogen side of the basin. Until the present, the source terrane of the basin has not been identified in its potential location – at the south-west margin of the East European Platform. The Ludlovian greywackes of both parts of the HCM show a lot of similarities in clast spectrum, timing, and geochemical features, which implies similar sources of the clastic material. The petrographic modal composition and geochemical features indicate recycled orogen signatures with a distinct undissected, evolved magmatic arc component. The latter is particularly evident from the extraclast spectrum that contains andesite, trachyte and dacite clasts. Beside the volcanic rocks, the source area consisted of sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks with high amounts of cherts. The geochemical and petrological features in the rock succession point to an evolution of the tectonic setting from an active to a more passive margin type indicating synorogenic formation of the studied rocks. Based on the rock record, we suggest that the Upper Silurian greywackes originated as a result of the collision of the Tornquist margin of Laurussia with a volcanic arc (here: the Teisseyre Arc) – located probably at the easternmost extent of the Avalonian Plate. In this scenario, the arc-continent orogen was composed of an uplifted filling of the forearc basin, an accretionary prism, volcanic arc rocks, and an exhumed foreland basement - analogously to the present-day Taiwan orogen. The second key issue is the palaeogeographical relation between the Małopolska (Kielce Region) and the Łysogóry terranes in the Late Silurian. Despite the analogous grain composition and clast types, the Łysogóry Region greywackes are composed of distinctly more altered detritus, which is in accordance with the more distal character of the Łysogóry Basin. The latter is manifested, e.g., in the lack of Caledonian deformations. The present-day adjacency of both domains containing correlative greywacke formations coupled with contrasting alteration and Late Silurian transport directions parallel to the terrane boundary imply small to medium-scale (below palaeomagnetic resolution) left-lateral movements of the Małopolska and Łysogóry crustal blocks along the Holy Cross Fault in post-Silurian times.

20

Stromatoporoid beds and flat-pebble conglomerates interpreted as tsunami deposits in the Upper Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine

Łuczyński P., Skompski S., Kozłowski W.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2014

|

Vol. 64, no. 3

261--280

EN

Tsunami deposits are currently a subject of intensive studies. Tsunamis must have occurred in the geological past in the same frequency as nowadays, yet their identified depositional record is surprisingly scarce. Here we describe a hitherto unrecognized example of probable palaeotsunamites. The Upper Silurian (Pridoli) carbonate succession of Podolia (southwestern Ukraine) contains variously developed event beds forming intercalations within peritidal deposits (shallow water limestones, nodular marls and dolomites). The event beds are represented by stromatoporoid and fine-grained bioclastic limestones, in some places accompanied by flat-pebble conglomerates. The interval with event beds can be traced along the Zbruch River in separate outcrops over a distance of more than 20 km along a transect oblique to the palaeoshoreline. The stromatoporoid beds have erosional bottom surfaces and are composed of overturned and often fragmented massive skeletons. The material has been transported landward from their offshore habitats and deposited in lagoonal settings. The flat-pebble conglomerates are composed of sub-angular micritic clasts that are lithologically identical to the sediments forming the underlying beds. Large-scale landward transport of the biogenic material has to be attributed to phenomena with very high energy levels, such as tropical hurricanes or tsunamis. This paper presents a tsunamigenic interpretation. Morphometric features of redeposited stromatoporoids point to a calm original growth environment at depths well below storm wave base. Tsunami waves are the most probable factor that could cause their redeposition from such a setting. The vastness of the area covered by parabiostromal stromatoporoid beds resembles the distribution of modern tsunami deposits in offshore settings. The stromatoporoid beds with unsorted stromatoporoids of various dimensions evenly distributed throughout the thickness of the beds and with clast-supported textures most probably represent deposition by traction. In some sections, the stromatoporoids are restricted to the lowermost parts of the beds, which pass upwards into bioclastic limestones. In this case, the finer material was deposited from suspension. The coexistence of stromatoporoid beds and flat-pebble conglomerates also allows presenting a tsunami interpretation of the latter. The propagating tsunami waves, led to erosion of partly lithified thin-layered mudstones, their fragmentation into flat clasts and redeposition as flat-pebble conglomerates.