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Modele przestrzenne choremes - ewolucja metody i możliwości jej wykorzystania

Grzegorczyk A.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2010

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T. 42, nr 1

17-29

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie metody modeli przestrzennych choremes, jej ewolucji i możliwości wykorzystania w badaniach organizacji przestrzeni, prowadzonych w skali globalnej, krajowej i lokalnej. Wykorzystanie tej metody omówiono na przykładach z literatury i własnych opracowań. Odnoszą się one do różnej tematyki: geopolityki, organizacji przestrzeni kraju i regionu, struktury miast oraz procesu globalizacji, rozwoju turystyki, specyfiki obszarów nadgranicznych, miast portowych.

EN

The aim of the article is to present choremes spatial organisation models method, its evolution and usage possibilities. The term un choreme, a French neologism, was used by a French geographer Roger Brunet for the first time in 1980. The method enables phenomena and processes presentation using simple geometrie figures. Ali the symbols create a matrix of 28 geometrie symbols, which according to R. Brunet are supposed to analyse and present every area (fig. 1). The model analysis consists of spatial structure and dynamies presentation. Both of them are the spatial logie elements. The models can be used in investigations carried out at different scales: global, country, regional and local. They can cover differentiated themes, too. They are used in physical geography research as well as in socio-economic geography and spatial economy. In the article there are given examples taken from the literature and author's research examples. Choremes model analysis for global issues is presented on the Greater Middle East region examination. The country scale research is undertaken on the instances of Burkina Faso and Kyrgyzstan, the countries of different socio-economic development level. The regional scale example examines development tendencies in Central Region in France. Hanoi development analysis shows spatial organisation models use at local scale. There are also given examples of differentiated themes being tested by chorśmes analysis. Besides geopolities, country and region spatial organisation and city structure, also globalisation process, tour-ism development and analyses of frontier areas, port cities and islands are mentioned as the model usage examples. The last part of the article discuss advantages and disadvantages of the method. The choremes analysis enables investigation of the complex problem, influ-enced by multiple conditionings. On the base of the analysis conclusions, the assumptions of future spatial organisation development can be madę. The models can be also used as regional policy judgment means. They are especially useful in case study analysis and due to their easy perception, they may be implemented as didactic method. The choremes are compared to J. Lacan's mathemes and C. Levis-Strauss' mythemes, the methods used in psychoanalysis and ethnology, respectively. Schematism, generalisation and lack of precise location are the main method disadvantages being raised. Another criticism states the area cannot be reduced to simple geometrie figures and there are no laws shaping it. The last disadvantage mentioned in the article reveals the necessity of avallability of diverse sources of information in order to select the most important conditionings.

2

Effect of Nutrition with Magnesium in Various Moisture Conditions of Soil on the Dynamics of Elongation Growth of Medical Sage (Salvia officinalis L)

Mikiciuk G., Grzegorczyk A.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2010

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Vol. 17, nr 10

1275-1281

EN

The aim of the studies was to determine the effect of nutrition of the soil with magnesium in differentiated soil moisture conditions on the dynamics of the elongation growth of medical sage. The first factor of the two year pot experiment was the level of the nutrition with magnesium (0; 0.30; 0.90 g of Mg per pot), the other factor was the level of soil moisture (30 and 60 % of full water volume). Large usefulness of the logistic function for the description of the elongation growth of Salvia officinalis L. was statistically confirmed.

PL

Celem pracy było określenie wpływu doglebowego żywienia magnezem, w zróżnicowanych warunkach wilgotnościowych gleby na dynamikę wzrostu elongacyjnego szałwii lekarskiej. Pierwszym czynnikiem doświadczalnym był poziom żywienia magnezem (0; 0,30 i 0,90 g na wazon), drugim - poziom uwilgotnienia gleby (30 i 60 % pełnej pojemności wodnej). Statystycznie potwierdzono dużą przydatność funkcji logistycznej do opisu wzrostu elongacyjnego badanej rośliny. Wzrost Salvia officinalis L., w obu latach badań, niezależnie od kombinacji doświadczenia miał typowy, sigmoidalny przebieg. Nie stwierdzono różnic w dynamice wzrostu elongacyjnego szałwii żywionej zróżnicowanymi dawkami magnezu.

3

Wykorzystanie zdjęć LANDSAT w badaniu struktury sieci osadniczej w wybranych krajach pozaeuropejskich

Grzegorczyk A.

Teledetekcja Środowiska

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2009

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T. 41

37--50

EN

The main aim of the article is to assess the usage of the following methods for the settlement structure analysis: satellite images interpretation, Zipf rule and nearest neighbour index. This assessment is carried out during the analysis of the relationship between socio-economic development level and the diversification and complexity of settlement Settlement network development was especially investigated in the 1950. and 1960. R. B. Potter (1999) summarising heretofore research stated that the balanced and hierarchised settlement network does not develop in LEDCs. Therefore it was interesting to check if such a statement is not exaggerated. The analytical data were obtained from LANDSAT ETM+ images interpretation. Due to it, the coefficients of variation for particular countries were calculated to investigate settlement network diversification. The diversification was presented also on choropleth maps. Afterwards it was analysed if the Zipf rules (classic, using population number data and modified, using built-up areas values obtained from satellite images) describe the settlement network complexity in countries under investigation. The nearest neighbour index was used to check spatial complexity of the networks. By the networks diversification analysis, it was proved that there was a relationship between socio-economic level and networks diversity in the countries under investigation, although there are also other processes influencing this relationship. There is intense spatial dynamism in core regions and neighbouring peripheries in the countries with the most diverse networks (the most developed counties). In the least diverse countries there is the low spatial dynamism or there were significant decentralisation forces in the past. By the networks complexity analysis, the development level and networks complexity relationship was revealed. In the relatively less developed countries the settlement networks were far from equilibrium (primate city pattern) and built-up areas dispersed. In more developed countries settlement networks were close to equilibrium and concentrated, so compact urbanised areas were present. Changes in networks complexity take place in the most developed areas, however, peripheries are spread across the overwhelming part of the countries, which is irrespective to the level of their development. Hence, networks’ structures enhancement and their dispersion occur only in some parts of the countries. Therefore R. B. Potter’s and others statements seem to underestimate the LEDCs’ processes. The visual satellite images interpretation allowed the analysis of the data rarely used in settlement structure researches. This enabled the analysis with lack of population statistical data limitations, e.g. unreliable data not covering the whole population within the city or town, data not comparable between different countries (problem of different city definitions), from different years for each country. The comparison of modified and classic Zipf rules showed that the modification was correct. The data availability for modified rule was also much greater. This method occurred useful in LEDCs as spatial urbanised areas expansion is characteristic for the urbanisation process there (Cohen, 2006). The nearest neighbour index NNI analysis was also much more precise and due to the greater data availability, statistically significant. The conclusions of the methodological aim can be extrapolated, providing for the limitations described, for other countries not being covered by the research.

4

Informacja Krajowej Rady Bezpieczeństwa Ruchu Drogowego

Grzegorczyk A.

Drogownictwo

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2003

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nr 12

383-388

PL

W opracowaniu przedstawiono zamierzenia KRBRD w zakresie poprawy bezpieczeństwa ruchu na drogach.

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Bezpieczeństwo na drogach

Grzegorczyk A.

Przegląd Komunalny

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2002

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nr 9

19-20

PL

Wbrew obiegowym i często negatywnym opiniom stan zamożności polskiego społeczeństwa uległ w ciągu ostatnich kilkunastu lat poprawie, czego jednym z widocznych skutków był i jest gwałtowny rozwój motoryzacji - zarówno ilościowy, jak i znaczony liczbą przejechanych kilometrów przez pojazdy ciężarowe i osobowe. Słuszną krytykę społeczną wywołuje jednak fakt, że za wzrostem ruchu nie nadąża rozwój infrastruktury drogowej i zapewnienie bezpiecznych warunków podróżowania.

6

Photoreflectance study of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown by MOCVD process

Wójcik A., Piwoński T., Ochalski T.J., Kowalczyk E., Bugajski M., Grzegorczyk A., Macht Ł., Haffouz S., Larsen P.K.

Optica Applicata

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2002

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Vol. 32, nr 3

431-435

EN

In this paper we report the results of photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy of GaN/AlGaN heterostructures used for realisation of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). For the proper operation of such structures a triangular quantum well created at the interface between GaN and AlGaN is required. Due to quantum confinement in this area 2DEG is created. The data obtained from PR technique allow to estimate a real shape of 2DEG confinement potential, what is necessary for verification of design and correctness of the growth process.

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Niskoparametrowe wodne kotły centralnego ogrzewania

Grzegorczyk A.

Materiały Budowlane

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2000

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nr 8

7-11

8

Równoważenie hydrauliczne instalacji grzewczych. Stanowisko dydaktyczno-szkoleniowe

Grzegorczyk A.

Rynek Instalacyjny

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1999

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Nr 6

57--58

PL

Autorem pomysłu zbudowania stanowiska do równoważenia hydraulicznego instalacji grzewczych jest dr inż. Krzysztof Olechnowicz (Tour & Andersson Hydronics). Zaproponowany schemat został przedyskutowany na kilku spotkaniach z udziałem Autora pomysłu, mgr inż. Igora Ingarowicza (Rehau Sp. z o.o.) oraz pracowników Katedry Klimatyzacji i Ciepłownictwa: dr. inż. Andrzeja Grzegorczyka, dr inż. Jacka Misińskiego oraz dr. inż. Jana Danielewicza, chodziło bowiem o stworzenie schematu jak najbardziej wszechstronnego i otwartego w sensie możliwości symulacyjnych i pomiarowych, z dobrą wizualizacją. W następnych tygodniach dokonano podstawowych przeliczeń hydraulicznych wraz z doborem armatury oraz dobrano pompy. W efekcie życzliwości i współpracy kilku firm powstało stanowisko, które jest darem TA Hydronics (armatura, komputer pomiarowy), Rehau (przewody, wykonanie), Grundfos Pompy Sp. z o.o. (pompy UPS) oraz Reflex Polska (naczynie wzbiorcze przeponowe). Katedra Klimatyzacji i Ciepłownictwa zapewniła pomieszczenie, montaż in situ i aranżację laboratorium.