Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Porównanie metod granulacji nawozu wapienno-gipsowego

Siuda R., Kwiatek J., Obraniak A., Gluba T., Olejnik T. P., Marszałek-Gubiec A., Pietrasik T.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2018

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T. 97, nr 9

1549--1553

PL

Porównano wyniki badań aglomeracji mieszanki wapienno-gipsowej realizowanej w trybie jednoetapowym w granulatorze mieszalnikowym, talerzowym lub bębnowym z efektami granulacji dwuetapowej. Do granulacji użyto mieszanki (w proporcji 1:1) mączki wapiennej i gipsu będącego odpadem z procesu odsiarczania spalin. Proces granulacji prowadzono w sposób okresowy. Każdorazowo, po przeprowadzonym doświadczeniu określano skład granulometryczny uzyskanego produktu oraz jego odporność na ściskanie.

EN

Mixts. of limestone powder and gypsum (1:1 mass ratio) and aq. 20% solns. of molasses added to them in various amts. as a binding liq. were used for (i) one-step or (ii) twostep granulation. Variant (i) included the use of the selected granular type (a mix, disc or drum granulator) while variant (ii) included of a mixer and then the disc or drum granulator. The compressive strength of the granules and their granulometric compn. in the fraction range up the 8 mm were detd. for each variant of the process. An increase in molasses content in mixts. as well as the time of granulation resulted in an increase of the av. size of granules and their compressive strength for all granulation variants.

2

Granulacja mączki wapiennej przy użyciu wybranych cieczy wiążących

Kwiatek J., Siuda R., Gluba T., Olejnik T. P., Obraniak A., Marszałek-Gubiec A., Pietrasik T.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2018

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T. 97, nr 9

1542--1548

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań okresowej granulacji bębnowej mączki wapiennej pochodzenia jurajskiego przy użyciu wybranych cieczy wiążących, dla różnych parametrów procesowo-aparaturowych. Do nawilżania użyto wodne roztwory trzech cieczy: szkła wodnego, poli(alkoholu winylowego) (PVA) i melasy o różnych stężeniach. Jako zmienne parametry procesowe stosowano iloraz objętości dodanej cieczy wiążącej do masy granulowanego surowca, czas podawania cieczy wiążącej i całkowity czas granulacji. Określono wpływ badanych parametrów na właściwości otrzymanego produktu skład granulometryczny, wytrzymałość granul na ściskanie i szybkość rozpadu cząstek w środowisku wodnym.

EN

Aq. solns. of water glasses, poly(vinyl alc.) and molasses with various concns. were sep. added to the shredded limestone powder (grain diam. 300 μm, CaCO3 93-95%, MgCO3 1.5%) and then subjected to periodic drum granulation for 5-30 min. The effect of binder type, its concns. in aq. soln., amt. of binder in relation to limestone powder as well as granulation time on the compressive strength of granules and on a degree of their decompn. after contact with a aq. environment (30 min) were detd. The increasing concn. of each type of binder and its amt. in relation to limestone powder as well as the time of granulation resulted in an increase of the compressive strength of granules. Granules obtained by using the molasse binder reached the largest compressive strength as well as the highest degradn. degree.

3

Secondary arsenic minerals from the Złoty Stok As-Au abandoned mine (SW Poland)

Siuda R., Macioch A.

Geological Quarterly

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2018

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Vol. 62, No. 4

925--940

EN

Secondary arsenic minerals (SAM) formed recently in abandoned adits of the former Au-As mine at Złoty Stok (SW Poland) constitute two assemblages. The first consists of two types of scorodite, pitticite, kaňkite, hörnesite, picropharmacolite and minor amounts of jarosite and gypsum. Formation of the Fe arsenates took place under acidic conditions (pH ~3-4) as a result of löllingite, arsenopyrite and pyrite oxidation. Hörnesite and picropharmacolite crystallized as products of interactions between acidic arsenic-rich pore solutions with Mg-Ca carbonates from rocks that surround the ore mineralisation. The interaction of carbonates with acid pore solutions caused a rapid increase in pH that reached neutral or weakly alkaline values. The chemical compositions of hörnesite and picropharmacolite correspond well to their ideal compositions: (Mg3.17Ca0.07)Ʃ3.24(AsO4)1.90 8H2O and Ca4.31Mg0.92(HasO4)1.91[(AsO4)1.99(SO4)0.01]Ʃ2.00 11H2O, respectively. The second assemblage of SAM comprises exclusively the Mg-enriched erythrite [(Co1.66Mg1.03Ni0.28Ca0.05Zn0.02)Σ3.03(AsO4)1.99× 8H2O)] – annabergite [(Ni1.48Mg0.94Co0.66Ca0.12Fe0.01Zn0.01)S3.20AsO4)1.92× 8H2O] series. These minerals crystallized from slightly acidic (pH ~5–6) to neutral media. Dissolution of SAM and other secondary phases (e.g., schwertmannite) causes the release of arsenate and sulphate ions into mine waters. These ions can be reduced under anaerobic conditions by different strains of bacteria. The product of this proces is orpiment.

4

Skład izotopowy siarki minerałów siarczkowych i siarczanowych z kopalni Lubin

Parafiniuk J., Kościński M., Hałas S., Siuda R.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2017

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nr 468

97--108

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki analiz składu izotopowego siarki w ok. 130 próbkach siarczków i 50 próbkach siarczanów, pobranych z różnych partii złoża eksploatowanego w kopalni Lubin. Proste siarczki miedzi mają izotopowo bardzo lekką siarkę. Dla digenitu średnią wartość δ34S określono na –35,9‰, a dla chalkozynu na –32,0‰. Również bornit ma niską wartość δ34S – średnio –31,7‰. Nieznacznie wyższe wartości stwierdzono dla chalkopirytu i covellinu – średnio –29,6 i –27,9‰. Najcięższą siarkę mają minerały szeregu tennantyt–tetraedryt: –9,3‰. Lekką izotopowo siarkę wykazuje także sfaleryt i galena – odpowiednio –27,1 i –25,4‰. Najlżejszy skład izotopowy siarki stwierdzono w pirycie i markasycie (–37,9‰). Wykazano systematycznie zaznaczające się różnice w składzie izotopowym siarczków, zależnie od ich wykształcenia i lokalizacji w złożu. Zgodnie z oczekiwaniem siarczany z kopalni Lubin cechują wyższe wartości δ34S, baryt – średnio 12,3‰, podobnie jak gips i anhydryt – 12,1‰. Gdy występują w żyłach z siarczkami mają one lżejszy skład od tego obserwowanego w żyłach płonnych. Najniższe wartości δ34S, zbliżone do składu siarczków miedzi, mają minerały wietrzeniowe – chalkantyt i epsomit.

EN

The paper presents the results of sulphur isotopic analyses conducted on 130 samples of sulphides and 50 samples of sulphates, collected in different parts of the Lubin mine. Simple copper sulphides contain isotopically very light sulphur. For digenite average value of δ34S was found to be –35,9‰, and for chalcocite –32,0‰. Bornite also has low value of δ34S, on average –31,7‰. Slightly higher values were found for chalcopyrite and covellite: –29,6 and –27,9‰ on average. The heaviest sulphur is in tennantite–tetrahedrite series: –9,3‰. Sphalerite and galena also have isotopically light sulphur, –27,1 and –25,4‰, respectively. The lightest isotopic composition of sulphur was found in pyrite and marcasite (–37,9‰). There were found consistent differences in the isotopic composition of sulphides depending on their formation and localization in the deposit. Barite from the Lubin mine is shows higher values of δ34S: 12,3‰ on average, similarly to gypsum and anhydrite: 12,1‰. All those minerals have lighter composition when they occur in veins with sulphides comparing those in barren veins. Weathering sulphates – chalcantite and epsomite have the lowest values of δ34S, similar to the composition of copper sulphides.

5

Pierwsze wystąpienie botallackitu w Polsce (kopalnia Polkowice-Sieroszowice)

Siuda R., Łodziński M., Syczewski M., Kruszewski Ł., Pršek J., Hoffmann P.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2017

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nr 469

217--227

PL

W wyrobiskach górniczych kopalni miedzi Polkowice-Sieroszowice stwierdzono występowanie botallackitu, stowarzyszonego z paratacamitem, klinoatacamitem, gipsem i halitem. Botallackit krystalizuje z bogatych w chlorki (3500 mg/dm3) wód kopalnianych o podwyższonej temperaturze (33°C). Na podstawie analiz składu chemicznego w mikroobszarze wyróżniono dwie odmiany botallackitu. Pierwsza z nich charakteryzuje się niewielką substytucją jonu Cu2+ przez Pb2+, Fe2+ oraz Zn2+. Średni wzór chemiczny tej odmiany obliczony na podstawie 50 analiz jest następujący: (Cu1,94Pb0,02Fe0,02Zn0,02) Σ = 2,00Cl0,98(OH)3,02. W drugiej odmianie botallackitu stwierdzono znaczą substytucję kationów Cu2+ przez jony Pb2+, Fe2+, Zn2+iMn2+. Średni wzór chemiczny tej odmiany, obliczony na podstawie 40 analiz w mikroobszarze jest następujący: (Cu1,85Pb0,09Fe0,04Zn0,02) Σ = 2,00Cl1,05(OH)2,95. Obliczone parametry komórki elementarnej (metodą Rietvelda) są następujące: a = 5,7165(2), b = 6,1362(2), c = 5,6325(2), β = 92,943(3). Botallackit jest najmniej trwałą polimorficzną odmianą substancji Cu2Cl(OH)3, która ostatecznie rekrystalizuje w znacznie bardziej stabilne polimorfy Cu2Cl(OH)3. Proces przemiany botallackitu może być spowalniany przez wysokie stężenie jonów Ca2+ w wodach kopalnianych. Również zastępowanie miedzi przez inne kationy dwuwartościowe może działać stabilizująco na strukturę tego minerału i zapobiegać jego dalszej transformacji. Wystąpienie botallackitu w kopalni Polkowice- Sieroszowice jest pierwszym udokumentowanym stanowiskiem tego minerału w Polsce.

EN

The presence of botallackite was recognized in an underground galery in the Polkowice-Sieroszowice copper mine. This mineral coexists with paratacamite, clinoatacamite, gypsum and halite. Botallackite crystallized from chloride-reach (3500 mg/dm3), warm (33°C) mine water. On the basis of microprobe analyses, two types of botallackite were recognized. The first one contains only small amounts of Pb, Fe and Zn. These elements substitute Cu2+ ions in small proportions. Empirical formula of this botallackite is: (Cu1.94Pb0.02Fe0.02Zn0.02) Σ = 2.00Cl0.98(OH)3.02. The second type of the mineral were characterized by increased amounts of Pb, Fe, Zn. The empiric formula of this type of botallackite can be expressed as: (Cu1.85Pb0.09Fe0.04Zn0.02) Σ = 2.00Cl1.05(OH)2.95. The calculated unit-cell parameters of botallackite from Polkowice-Sieroszowice mine are as follows: a = 5.7165(2), b = 6.1362(2), c = 5.6325(2), β = 92.943(3). Botallackite is a least stable polymorph of Cu2Cl(OH)3 and finally transforms to more stable polymorphs. The botallackite recrystallization can be inhibit by high concentration of Ca2+ in the mine water. Substitution of Cu2+ ions by other divalent cations can slows the rapidity of recrystalization this mineral and prevent its further transformation also. The Polkowice-Sieroszowice mine is the first occurrence of botallackite in Poland.

6

Saléeite, Mg(UO2)2(PO4)2, from the Wojcieszyce uranium deposit (Lower Silesia, Poland)

Siuda R., Domańska-Siuda J., Borzęcki R.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2016

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Vol. 86, No. 2

211--218

EN

The secondary uranium mineral, saléeite, was found in dumps of the former Wojcieszyce Uranium Mine. It occurs as tiny tabular crystals, up to 0.3 cm in size. The chemical formula, which was calculated on the basis of a 12 spot analyses is: (Mg0.73Fe0.05K0.04Ca0.04)S0.86(UO2)2.16(PO4)2.00·10H2O. The cation position is occupied mainly by Mg. The Mg ions are partially substituted by Fe, K and Ca. The tetrahedral position is occupied by the PO43- ion. The interaction between acidic pore solutions (originating from the reaction of pyrite oxidation), uraninite and minerals of the host rocks (chlorite, apatite) leads to the release of Mg2+, UO22+ and PO43- ions. These ions are adsorbed by amorphous Fe oxyhydroxides and poorly ordered ferrihydrite. Crystallization and recrystallization of these phases leads to the release of adsorbed ions and favours the crystallization of saléeite. The coexistence of saléeite and goethite, which forms by recrystallization of ferrihydrite, points to an important role of sorption and desorption of Mg2+, PO43- and UO22+ ions in the process of crystallization of this mineral species. Crystallization of saléeite occurs at a pH of 5.5–6.0. The supergene zone of the Wojcieszyce deposit is the first occurrence of saléeite in Poland.

7

Sulphate and arsenate minerals as environmental indicators in the weathering zones of selected ore deposits, Western Sudetes, Poland

Parafiniuk J., Siuda R., Borkowski A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 3

493--508

EN

The results of a complex investigation of the sulphate and arsenate assemblages forming in the weathering zone of selected ore deposits in the Sudetes are presented. The development of the weathering zone has been characterised in the polymetallic ore deposits at Miedzianka–Ciechanowice and Radzimowice, and the pyrite deposit at Wieściszowice, which differ in the chemical compositions of the ore and barren minerals and the hydrological conditions. Secondary sulphate and arsenate mineral assemblages vary significantly among the ore deposits under study. Their crystallization is discussed, taking into consideration the stability of particular minerals and the paths of their transformation. It is shown that these minerals have great potential as indicators of weathering processes. A significant role for microorganisms in the formation of the weathering zone of the ore deposits under study is also proven.

8

Relikty górnictwa i hutnictwa rejonu złoża Miedzianka-Ciechanowice jako obiekty geoturystyczne

Siuda R., Borzęcki R.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 8

397--402

EN

The historical deposit of polymetallic ore in Miedzianka-Ciechanowice is located in the Rudawy Janowickie Mts. This deposit includes lens-forming contact-metasomatic ores and hydrothermal veins related to the Karkonosze granite. The ore assemblages are abundant in Cu, and more rarely in Pb, Ag, As, Fe, and others elements, were mined in Miedzianka-Ciechanowice from the early Middle Ages to the mid 20th century. This paper presents descriptions the selected objects of mining and smelting activity in the Miedzianka-Ciechanowice area. Old dumps, adits, shafts and ruins of copper smelter are a unique assemble of relicts related to the development of the local mining. The authors propose to create a geotourist route in this area.

9

Recently formed secondary copper minerals as indicators of geochemical conditions in an abandoned mine in Radzimowice (SW Poland)

Siuda R., Kruszewski Ł.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 4

583–-600

EN

An occurrence of twelve recently formed secondary copper minerals (SCM) was observed in underground workings of an abandoned Cu-As-Au mine in Radzimowice. The minerals, mainly sulphate species, were identified using Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy system (SEM-EDS) and electron microprobe analysis with wavelength-dispersive spectrometry system (EPMA-WDS) methods. The SCM of Radzimowice form the following assemblages: paragenesis I is characterized by langite, posnjakite, brochantite and devilline. These minerals crystallise directly from pH 6.0–7.0 mine waters. Paragenesis II also comprises hydrous copper sulphates (HCS), and in addition contains native copper, cuprite, ferrihydrite and gypsum. Secondary HCS mainly crystallise as products of reactions of sulphate-rich mine waters with native copper and cuprite. The pH of these waters varies from ~5.0 to 6.0. The III paragenesis is dominated by woodwardite, associated with variable amounts of chalcoalumite and amorphous Cu-Al sulphates. Accumulations of woodwardite occur in the zones where Al- and sulphate-rich acid mine waters (pH ~2.5–3.0) mix with neutral waters (pH 6.5–7.0). Paragenesis IV is rare, dominated by chrysocolla, coexisting with small amounts of mottramite and goethite. This assemblage formed as a result of mobilization of silica released during decomposition of rock-forming aluminosilicates attacked by acid mine waters

10

Zmienność warunków hydrogeochemicznych w strefie aeracji hałdy kopalni rud siarczkowych w Miedziance (Sudety Zachodnie)

Stępień M., Siuda R.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2013

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nr 456 Hydrogeologia z. 14/2

563--568

PL

Wody strefy aeracji na hałdzie kopalni Schwarz Adler w Miedziance charakteryzują się bardzo silną zmiennością składu chemicznego oraz cech fizycznych i chemicznych. Ich chemizm znacznie odbiega od typowych wód strefy saturacji. Na badanej hałdzie identyfikowano różne fazy mineralne podczas okresowych, sezonowych sesji terenowych. Wyniki obserwacji zmienności warunków hydrogeochemicznych zostały potwierdzone przez modelowanie geochemiczne z użyciem programu PHREEQC.

EN

Groundwater from aeration zone on dump of Schwarz Adler mine in Miedzianka has a very strong variation of chemical composition and physical and chemical characteristics. Their chemistry is far from typical waters of saturation zone. Different sets of mineral phases were identified during the fields sessions on the examined dump. These observations indicate variability of hydrogeochemical conditions and processes. The results of investigations are confirmed by geochemical modeling using the PHREEQC code.

11

Paragenezy hipergeniczne złoża Radzimowice (Góry Kaczawskie)

Siuda R.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 8

442--449

EN

The polymetallic Radzimowice deposit is located in the vicinity ofRadzimowice village, about 20 km east of Jelenia Góra (Western Sudetes, Poland). The deposit consists of several ore veins. The primary ore assemblage is represented by arsenopyrite, pyrite and chalcopyrite, and less common galena, sphalerite, Cu-Pb-Sb sulphosalts of Cu andPb, and native gold. The mining activity in this area started in the mid-12th century and lasted until the mid-20th century. This paper presents general information about typical parageneses of secondary minerals occurring in the oxidation zone of the Radzimowice deposit. Based on the mineralogical investigations, 43 secondary mineral species have been recognized. Such a rich assemblage of secondary minerals makes the oxidation zone one of the most interesting formations of this kind in Poland. Phosphates (pseudomalachite, phosphosiderite) and sulphides (covellite, chalcocite) of copper were ascertained in the near-surface part of the supergene zone. Secondary lead minerals (cerussite, pyromorphite and mimetite) were found only in medieval dumps. Phosphates and sulphides of Cu and supergene lead minerals belong to sub-recent secondary parageneses. Since the end of local mining activity in 1957, the intensive weathering processes caused the decomposition of ore minerals in the mine galleries, producing recently forming associations of new minerals. The first mineral paragenesis is represented by recently formed arsenates. Kankite, scorodite and zykaite are the most widespread constituents of this assemblage. Large accumulations ofpitticite, forming stalagmites up to 10 cm in length, are sometimes found in old mine galleries. In those parts of the abandoned mine, where pyrite is a dominant primary mineral, huge accumulations of the minerals related to acid mine drainage are present. Schwertmannite, ferrihydrite and poorly crystalline goethite are the main representatives of this paragenesis. Associations of basic copper sulphates are present in all parts of the abandoned mine. Langite, posnjakite, brochantite and devilline are the most common minerals of this assemblage. Sulphates of Cu and Al (chalcoalumite and cyanotrichite), native copper, cuprite and malachite are locally found to coexist with these phases. Precipitations of secondary minerals play an important role in the retention and liberation of considerable amounts of toxic elements. Dissolution ofthese phases can result in the release ofarsenic and heavy metals into the groundwater and in the migration ofthese elements into the environment.

12

Minerały srebra z kopalni Friederike Juliane w Ciechanowicach (Sudety)

Siuda R.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2012

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nr 448 (2)

315--323

PL

Próbki użyte do badań zostały zebrane z hałd starej kopalni srebra Friederike Juliane w Ciechanowicach. Zidentyfikowano dwa typy akantytu, srebro rodzime, amalgamaty Ag i stromeyeryt. Część z analizowanych skupień amalgamatów odpowiada swym składem chemicznym eugenitowi. Minerał ten jest stowarzyszony z amalgamatami, należącymi do serii Ag6,39Hg1,00–Ag17,04Hg1,00 oraz srebrem rodzimym o podwyższonej zawartości rtęci. Srebro rodzime występuje także w formie drutów, dendrytów i wrostków w barycie I, węglanach oraz löllingicie–safflorycie II. Stromeyeryt tworzy żyłki, przecinające masywną rudę bornitowo-chalkozynową. Niekiedy minerał ten współwystępuje z amalgamatami Ag oraz siarczkami i siarkosolami srebra. Minerały wchodzące w skład żył kruszcowych zawierających minerały srebra krystalizowały w dwóch etapach minerałotwórczych, z niskotemperaturowych roztworów hydrotermalnych (około 320–200°C).

EN

Old dumps of the former Friederike Juliane mine in Ciechanowice (Sudety Mts., Poland) were sampled for analysis of silver minerals. Two types of acantite, native silver, Ag amalgams and stromeyerite were identified. Part of the Ag amalgams corresponds, by their chemical composition, to eugenite of the following empirical formula: Ag11.0Hg2.05 (based 12 analytical points). This mineral is associated with an amalgam belonging to the Ag6.39Hg1.00–Ag17.04Hg1.00 series, and to mercuriferous silver. Silver forms wires, dendrites, inclusions in barite I, and löllingite–safflorite II. Stromeyerite forms thin veinlets cutting the massive bornite-chalcocite ore. Sometimes, stromeyerite coexists with silver amalgams and other Ag sulphides and sulphosalts. The silver-rich mineralisation represents low-temperature ore parageneses (formed at about 320–200oC).

13

Nowe dane o minerałach wietrzeniowych złoża Miedzianka-Ciechanowice w Rudawach Janowickich (Dolny Śląsk, Polska)

Siuda R., Gołębiowska B.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 3

226-226

EN

The abandoned deposit of polymetallic ore in Miedzianka-Ciechanowice is located in the northern part of the Kowary-Czarnów Unit, within the eastern metamorphic cover of the Karkonosze granite. This deposit is formed mainly of hydrothermal veins related to the Karkonosze granite and Intra-Sudetic Fault. Lenses-forming contact-metasomatic ores are also present. The ore assemblages are rich in Cu, and poor in Pb, Ag, As and Fe. The Miedzianka- -Ciechanowice deposits were mined from the early Middle Ages to the middle of the 20th

14

Deactivation rate of camptothecin determined by factor analysis of steady-state fluorescence and absorption spectra

Ziomkowska B., Kruszewski S., Siuda R., Cyrankiewicz M.

Optica Applicata

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2006

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Vol. 36, nr 1

137-146

EN

Camptothecin is a fluorescent compound exhibiting strong anticancer properties. A serious limitation to clinical application of this compound is its hydrolysis, when biologically active lactone form converts into inactive carboxylate. There are some differences in the shapes of both fluorescence and absorption spectra of the lactone and carboxylate forms of camptothecin. Therefore, during hydrolysis resultant fluorescence and absorption spectra evolve. Factor analysis of fluorescence/absorption spectra recorded during the hydrolysis process of camptothecin enables one to determine the temporary concentration of the lactone and carboxylate forms and obtain the deactivation rate of this compound.

15

Schwertmannite precipitated from acid mine drainage in theWestern Sudetes (SW Poland) and its arsenate sorption capacity

Parafiniuk J., Siuda R.

Geological Quarterly

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2006

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Vol. 50, No. 4

475-486

EN

This paper contains XRD, Mössbauer and IR spectroscopy, chemical composition and thermal analysis results for the mineral schwertmannite present in the weathering zone developed in two abandoned sulphide mines in the Sudetes (SW Poland). In Wieściszowice a pyrite deposit was exploited, and in Radzimowice the deposit consisted of polymetallic mineralization with predominant arsenopyrite. In both localizations schwertmannite is developed as dripstones in underground workings and loose sediments precipitating from the acid mine drainage (AMD) waters. Schwertmannite forms tiny, needle-like crystals 2–3 m in size, usually grouped in botryoidal aggregations. The chemical composition of schwertmannite from Wieściszowice is typical for this mineral, and in Radzimowice the mineral contains up to 5.20 wt. % of As2O5. Due to highly developed specific surface and structural features, schwertmannite has the strongest sorption capabilities among the components of ochres, and takes up the largest amounts of arsenate oxyanion fromAMD, as well as considerable amounts of phosphates and heavymetals. About 71-87% of arsenate is sorbed on to the surface of the schwertmannite crystals and may readily be released into solution, 12–30% is bound into the structure of the mineral, and about 1% is an admixture of insoluble ferric arsenates.

16

Application of principal component and factor analysis of fluorescence spectra in camptothecin studies

Kruszewski S., Siuda R., Ziomkowska B., Cyrankiewicz M.

Optica Applicata

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2003

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Vol. 33, nr 2-3

369-380

EN

The application of fluorescence spectroscopy methods in investigations of camptothecin (CPT) is presented in this paper. Fluorescence of CPT enables one to follow the process of hydrolysis, i.e., the process of converting the biologically active lactone form into inactive carboxylate. The fluorescence spectra of CPT recorded during the hydrolysis were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA). The results obtained on the basis of fluorescence spectra analysis are compared with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data.

17

Application of principial component and factor analyses in electron spectroscopy

Siuda R., Balcerowska G.

Electron Technology

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1998

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Vol. 31, No. 3/4

487-494

EN

Fundamentials of two methods, taken from multivariate analysis and known as principial component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA), are presented. Both methods are well known in chemometrics. Since 1979, when application of the methods to electron spectroscopy was reported for the first time, they became to be more and more popular in different branches of electron spectroscopy. The paper presents exsamples of standard applications of the methods in Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Advantages one can take from application of the methods, their potentialities as well as thier limitationa are pointed out.

18

Adjustment of the set of imperfect data to principal component and factor analyses. The case of Auger spectra

Siuda R., Balcerowska G., Chojnacki S., Aberdam D., Rozwadowski M.

Chemia Analityczna

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1998

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Vol. 43, No. 6

975-985

EN

Any set of digitised signals, coming from an instrument that reveals untraceable scale of the quantity used far displaying of the signal records, can be analysed with neither principal component analysis (PCA) nor factor analysis (FA). The paper presents a method for numerical treatment of directly measured signals. The method allows to improve the structure of the data set so that they fit the requirements of PCA and FA. Both instrumental imperfections and the proposed treatment of directly measured signals are illustratad with a set of Auger spectra recorded during cleaning of a contaminated Ag (110) surface with Ar ions.

PL

Rejestrowane w postaci cyfrowej sygnały (np. widma) nie mogą być analizowane za pomocą metod analizy głównych składowych (principal component analysis - PCA) i/lub analizy czynnikowej (factor analysis - FA) jeśli przyrząd (np. spektrometr) wykazuje niestabilność skalistej wielkości, w funkcji której sygnał jest mierzony (np.osi energii, długości fali itp.). W pracy przedstawiono procedurę numerycznej obróbki sygnałów pochodzących bezpośrednio z pomiarów, po zastosowaniu której zestaw sygnałów (widm) może być analizowany za pomocą obu wymienionych metod. Zarówno problemy związane z niedoskonałością przyrządu (spektrometru) jak i opracowaną procedurę omówiono na przykładzie serü widm Augera zarejestrowanych podczas czyszczenia wiązką jonów Ar powierzchni Ag ( 110).