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The contemporary trends of scientific research on ESG and non-financial reporting

Koszel Maciej

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 216

225--238

EN

Purpose: The article addresses the issue of contemporary directions of ESG research with particular emphasis on non-financial disclosure (non-financial reporting) of companies. The aim of the study is to identify areas of ongoing scientific research in the subject. Design/methodology/approach: The conducted research has the character of meta-analysis. The focus was on achievements in two main scientific disciplines: economics and finance, and management and quality sciences. The research covered publications related to non-financial reporting, with ESG aspects - environmental (environmental), social (social) and corporate governance (governance) - as a common thread. Findings: The study of ESG and non-financial reporting is a rapidly evolving area of contemporary research in economics and management. The volatility is driven, on the one hand, by the needs of companies themselves as they adapt to changes in the operating environment, while, on the other hand, ESG and non-financial reporting activities are significantly influenced by regulations that cover an increasingly wide range of companies. Increasingly, researchers are using statistical analysis methods for this purpose, which is slowly becoming a separate sub-discipline in methodology as a science. The development of research tools, including advanced statistical packages, can lead to significant changes in the range of analysis methods - from qualitative methods, based on descriptions, to statistical analysis, using measures of centrality, frequency, or so-called burst-terms analysis. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of the study is the time scope of the research. Only articles from 2004-2021 were included in the main analysis, which was determined by the availability of databases at the time the source material was collected. The research conducted shows the directions of change in the scientific exploration of ESG issues and non-financial reporting, which can be exploited for further analyses by researchers, students, and other entities working on the subject. Originality/value: The research not only show past and current trends in ESG research, but also a change in research methodology, which increasingly uses quantitative methods. This thread represents an attractive area for further scientific exploration.

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Effects of the implementation of selected housing policy instruments in Poland in 2008-2023

Koszel Maciej, Mazurczak Anna, Strączkowski Łukasz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 216

207--224

EN

Purpose: The article addresses the functioning of the housing market with particular attention to the effects of government housing programs supporting the demand side. Dynamic increases in housing prices, reduced credit availability as a result of high central bank interest rates, increasing pressure from the institutional sector and, finally, the increasingly popular recognition of housing as an investment asset negatively affect the situation in the housing market and the affordability of housing. Design/methodology/approach: For the purpose of the article, a review of literature related to the topic of the housing market and housing policy was conducted. A diagnosis of the housing situation was carried out based on current statistical data covering the effects of housing construction, demand for mortgages and housing, or housing price dynamics. A review of housing policy programs and instruments made it possible to identify present directions for supporting the population in meeting housing needs. The analytical part also included the calculation of indicators of housing affordability, thus showing the ambiguous effects of housing policy. Findings: Evaluation of government policies to support the population in meeting housing needs is ambiguous. On the one hand, the demand policy instruments used make it possible to purchase housing for households that do not have this ability. On the other hand, the increase in the amount of demand for housing results, in the long term, in an increase in the price of this good, which is confirmed by market data. However, the attempt to isolate the impact of specific factors is severely hampered by their multiplicity and often difficult-to-measure nature. Research limitations/implications: Assessing the impact of a specific factor on the real estate market situation, on the residential segment, is difficult due to the complex nature of this market and the multiplicity of players, connections and high dynamics of change in this area. An additional difficulty is the methodological diversity used by various authors and entities engaged in the analysis of this market. The possibilities of diagnosing the housing situation are also limited by the available data. Practical implications: The study presented in the article can be used both at the government level in terms of shaping housing policy, as well as commercial players in the area of matching supply to needs and preferences in the housing market. Social implications: Improving the housing situation of the population and the affordability of housing are currently some of the main social challenges. Attempting to solve this problem using instruments developed ad hoc often ends up generating negative side effects, in the form of price increases. That is why a well-thought-out approach to supporting the population in the field of housing is so important. Originality/value: The survey is part of a discussion on the implementation of housing policy instruments in the real estate market. The survey is aimed primarily at public authorities active in the residential rental market, policy makers and developers.

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ESG Reporting: Assessing Compliance of Polish Public Companies with EU Taxonomy Guidelines

Koszel Maciej

Management

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2024

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Vol. 28, no. 2

252--270

EN

The paper aims to evaluate how well Polish public companies’ activities align with the European Union Taxonomy guidelines (EU Taxonomy). The research involved a review of literature on ESG and non-financial reporting, identification of key guidelines for mandatory disclosures, and analysis of reports from companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange’s three main indices. This approach allowed for determining the shares of activities that meet the EU Taxonomy’s compliance and eligibility criteria, focusing on turnover, capital expenditures (CapEx), and operating expenditures (OpEx). The research shows a relatively low percentage of activities compliant with the EU Taxonomy among the studied companies. There are significant sectoral differences in the level of compliance of companies activity with the EU Taxonomy, with compliance level highest in industries with substantial environmental impacts (like industrial production and construction) and lowest in sectors with limited environmental effects (such as finance and healthcare). A key limitation is the analysis’s scope, which covers only one year’s reports due to the non-financial reporting standards’ implementation schedule. Continuous monitoring of this issue is necessary. The ESG activities of companies are crucial from the perspective of building competitive advantage, influencing customer awareness, meeting consumer expectations or finally meeting non-financial reporting requirements, but involve complex processes, including operationalisation, implementation, monitoring, and auditing of ESG practices. Non-financial reporting entails significant direct and indirect costs. Non-financial reporting enhances the transparency of companies’ operations and is likely to influence company ratings for investment purposes. However, the costs associated with reporting could lead to higher prices and potentially burden consumers. The article addresses a current, practical problem faced by companies required to conduct non-financial reporting. It is relevant for various stakeholders, including consumers, shareholders, business partners, and financiers.