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A mathematical model for determining and improving rollover stability of four‑wheel earthmoving vehicles with arbitrary undercarriage system design

Sierzputowski G., Dudziński P.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2020

Vol. 20, no. 2

320--338

Earthmoving vehicles, especially ones with articulated frame steering, are very vulnerable to rollover. Consequently many dangerous rollover accidents occur all around the world. This problem is not only caused by difficult operating conditions and high productivity requirements. The current standards in this area do not offer an acceptable method of assessing vehicle rollover stability. Furthermore, in the previous literature there have been no research on rollover stability of increasingly common unconventional undercarriage systems, equipped with inclined/virtual oscillation and steering axes. In response to the above-mentioned situation, an innovative test vehicle, whose undercarriage system can be optionally selected (including unconventional solutions), was designed and built. The experimental stand consisted of a rotary-tilting platform equipped in wheel weighting pads and a two-axis inclinometer. Completely new experimental results were presented, proving a strong influence of unconventional undercarriage system on vehicle rollover stability. Moreover, the extensive experimental investigation was used to derive and validate an accurate and universal mathematical model, enabling to calculate and improve the rollover stability of any four-wheeled vehicle. It was also shown that a geometrical optimisation of an unconventional undercarriage system permits an increase in rollover stability—even up to several dozen percentage relative to the conventional solutions.