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2 2018

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Effects of silicate fertilizer on seed yield in timothy-grass (Phleum pratense L.)

Radkowski A., Radkowska I.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

2018

Vol. 25, nr 1

169--180

A field experiment was conducted in the years 2012-2014, at the Plant Breeding Station in Polanowice near Krakow (220 m a.s.l.). The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of silicon (Si) on seed yield and quality of timothy-grass (Phleum pratense L.) of “Egida” cultivar. A univariate field experiment in randomized block design was repeated four times, and the area of the experimental plots was 10 m2. The soil on the experimental plots was a loess derived haplic phaeozem of bonitation class I. The experimental factor was spraying with a silicon formulation in the form of Optysil® fertilizer at three doses: 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 dm3·ha-1. During the growing season, the plants were evaluated for their height, leaf greenness index (SPAD) and general condition. After harvesting, the seed yield and quality were assessed. The study revealed a significant effect of silicon on plant height, general condition and yield and quality of the seeds. The plants treated with silicon showed lower infestation rate with pathogens and pests than the control ones. Foliar fertilization with the highest dose of the silicon formulation (0.8 dm3·ha-1) caused a significant increase in seed yield as compared with control. The effects were also satisfactory in the plants treated with the formulation at 0.5 dm3·ha-1. The seeds obtained from silicon-treated plants were bigger, as revealed by the weight of 1000 seeds, and exhibited higher germination ability than the control seeds.

The yield of Silphium perfoliatum L. depending on the conditions of cultivation

Shalyuta B. V., Kostitskaya E. V.

Agricultural Engineering

2018

Vol. 22, No. 2

91--97

The article presents the results of two-year studies on the influence of the method of sowing and the level of nitrogen application on the yield of seeds of Silphium perfoliatum L. - a new fodder crop for the conditions of Belarus. Silphium is precious for the nutritive value of green mass. According to the literature sources, dry matter contains 16-28% of protein, more than 60% of nitrogen-free extractives, 13- 23% of sugars, high content of mineral substances, a small amount of fiber, adequate calcium and phosphorus, carotene, vitamin C. Mineral composition of Silphium contains 17.6% of dry matter, including 152.3 mg·kg-1 of ash. Macro elements: calcium - 18.1, phosphorus - 2.55, manganese - 4.48, potassium - 24.03, sodium - 0.40, sulphur - 0.40 mg·kg-1 of mg·kg-1 of dry matter. The mass of 1000 seeds was from 23.7 to 25.5 g. The seed germination was good and varied from 75% to 84%. It has been established that the best way to sow the Silphium is planting seedlings according to the 70x30 scheme. This option ensured the yield of seeds of 3.6 and 3.7 c/ha. The applying of increased doses of nitrogen fertilizers N90 and N120 and sowing seeds ensured the yield of seeds ranging from 3,6 to 3,9 c·ha-1.

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki dwuletnich badań nad wpływem metody wysiewu i poziomu zastosowania azotanu na plonowanie nasion rożnika przerośniętego (Silphium perfoliatum L.) - nowej rośliny paszowej w warunkach panujących na terenie Białorusi. Rożnik jest cenną rośliną ze względu na wartości odżywcze zielonej masy. Według dostępnych źródeł, sucha masa zawiera 16-28% białka, więcej niż 60% związków bezazotowych wyciągowych, 12-23% cukrów, wysoką zawartość substancji mineralnych, małą ilość błonnika, taką samą ilość wapna i fosforu, karotenu, witaminy C. Rożnik w swoim składzie mineralnym zawiera 17.6% suchej masy, w tym 152.3 mg·kg popiołu. Makro pierwiastki: wapń - 18.1, fosfor - 2.55, mangan 4.48, potas - 24.03, sód - 0.40, siarka - 0.40 mg·kg-1 na mg·kg-1 suchej masy. Waga 1000 nasion wynosiła od 23.7 do 25.5 g. Kiełkowanie nasion było dobre i wynosiło of 75% do 84%. Ustalono, że najlepszym sposobem wysiewu rożnika jest sadzenie sadzonek zgodnie ze schematem 70x30. Ten wariant zapewniał plon nasion wynoszący 3.6 i 3.7 c·ha-1. Zastosowanie zwiększonych dawek nawozów azotowych N90 i N120 oraz wysiew nasion zapewniły plon nasion od 3.6 do 3.9 c·ha-1.