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1

Effect of Biostimulants on the Content and Uptake of Selected Macronutrients in Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.)

Mystkowska Iwona, Dmitrowicz Aleksandra

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

190--202

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of biostimulants on the content and uptake of selected macronutrients (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium) in tubers of two varieties of Jerusalem artichoke. The experiment was conducted in a two-factor arrangement (split-plot) with three replications in 2021–2022 at an individual farm in Międzyrzec Podlaski, Poland. The effect of two factors was studied. The first-order factor was two varieties of Helianthus tuberosus: ‘Albik’ and ‘Rubik’, and the second-order variants of biostimulant application: Kaishi, Maral, Nutrigreen AD, and Vanadoo. The effectiveness of the application of individual biostimulants in the cultivation of two varieties of Jerusalem artichoke was compared with the control object (without the application of biostimulants). The variety ‘Rubik’ accumulated the most phosphorus, calcium and potassium and the variety ‘Albik’ accumulated magnesium. Biostimulants increased the concentration of phosphorus, magnesium and calcium, and decreased potassium compared to topinambur tubers harvested from the control object. Macronutrient content in tubers of the tested varieties. Helianthus tuberosus can be ranked in descending order: potassium > phosphorus > calcium > magnesium. The cultivar ‘Albik’ was characterized by the highest macro nutrient uptake capacity. The application of biostimulants increased the uptake of phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and potassium compared to the control. The content and uptake of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium were influenced by climatic conditions.

2

Productivity of Winter Wheat (T. aestivum, T. durum, T. spelta) Depending on Varietal Characteristics in the Context of Climate Change

Korkhova Margaryta, Panfilova Antonina, Domaratskiy Yevhenii, Smirnova Iryna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 4

236--244

EN

This article presents the results of studies of winter wheat species and varieties depending on the meteorological conditions of the research years. The purpose of the research is to determine the density of the productive stem, the mass of 1000 grains, the yield and quality of winter wheat grain, depending on the species and varietal composition. Methods. Experimental studies were conducted during 2015/2016–2020/2021 yrs in the experimental field of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University (Ukraine). Agricultural techniques for growing winter wheat of various species were generally accepted for the southern steppe zone of Ukraine. Its predecessor was sown peas. Results. It was determined that a larger number of productive stems per unit area (467–853 pcs./m2) formed plants of the studied varieties of soft winter wheat, while the smallest (443–694 pcs./ m2) were plants of winter durum wheat varieties. The largest mass of grain from one ear (1.06–1.20 g) on average over the years of research was formed by plants of spelt wheat varieties, and the smallest was formed 0.96–1.01 g of soft wheat plants. It was found that a higher yield of soft winter wheat (6.03 t/ha) on average over the years of research was formed in the Vidrada variety, hard wheat (5.58 t/ha) was formed in the Bosphorus variety, spelt was formed 5.36 t/ha in the Europa variety. The highest grain yield (7.13 t/ha) among the species and varieties put for study was provided by the Vidrada variety (T. aestivum) in 2016 yr, which was 5.3% more than in the variety Shestopalivka (T. aestivum), 5.9% more than the Linkor variety (T. durum), by 7.0% than the Bosphorus variety (T. durum), by 12.5% than that of the Europa variety (T. spelta) and 43.5% more than the Zorya Ukrainy variety (T. spelta). It was determined that the largest mass fraction of protein in grain was provided by the spelt Zorya Ukrainy wheat variety as 19.2–25.6% depending on the year of research, while the smallest was provided as 11.0–14.2% by the Shestopalivka soft wheat variety. In the conditions of the Southern steppe of Ukraine, to ensure a high grain yield (5.24–6.03 t/ha) with a high protein content (14.1–15.1%), it was recommended to sow the variety of soft winter wheat Vidrada, hard winter wheat as Linkor and spelt as Europe.

3

Ecological and Economic Study of Winter Wheat Varieties by Different Geographical Origin

Sobko Mykola, Butenko Yevheniia, Davydenko Gennadiy, Solarov Oleksandr, Pylypenko Viacheslav, Makarova Viktoriia, Mikulina Maryna, Samoshkina Iryna, Antonovskyi Oleksandr, Poriadynskyi Volodymyr

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 1

12--21

EN

The results of research on increasing resistance of winter wheat varieties of different geographical origins to adverse weather conditions in the zone of unstable moistening in the North-Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine have been summarized. Rational use of agrometeorological resources made it possible to determine optimal terms of work on the elements of cultivation technology, taking into account weather conditions of the current year nd on their basis, to improve adaptive technologies for growing winter wheat varieties. This contributed to increase of yielding capacity, quality of grain and sustainability of agriculture. Such conditions were favorable for winter wheat crops of late sowing periods, the plants of which reached tillering phase on a significant part already in winter period. Yielding capacity of winter wheat by sowing dates (on average by varieties) was: September 1 – 5.72 t ha-1, September 10 – 5.54 t ha-1, September 20 – 5.41 t ha-1, October 1 – 5.45 t ha-1, October 10 – 4.87 t ha-1, October 20 – 5.11 t ha-1, November 1 – 5.06 t ha-1. Kraevyd and Pylypivka were the most productive among winter wheat varieties under conditions of 2020. Their yielding capacity varied between 6.18–6.88 t ha-1 and 5.53–6.30 t ha-1 depending on sowing dates. The highest level of profitability was provided by Kraevyd variety (120.0–131.2%) at late sowing dates (October 1 – November 1).

4

Determination of Frost Resistance of Sweet Cherry Varieties Using Laboratory Freezing

Shubenko Lidiia, Kubrak Svitlana, Filipova Larysa, Vdovychenko Zhanna, Manzii Olena, Zabolotna Alona, Leus Vitaliy

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 3

233--240

EN

The article presents the study results of the frost resistance of sweet cherry varieties of different ripening periods under artificial freezing. The damage degree of various tissues of one- and two-year-old wood, as well as fruit formations, was analyzed. In the group of early-ripening and late-ripening varieties, a significant resistance of the bark to the effect of low temperature was found, the average damage score was 0.7. Among late-ripening cherry varieties Drogana yellow had low-temperature damage to one-year-old wood, while no negative effect on the wood was observed for the Amazonka variety. The highest overall degree of freezing of one-year wood was observed for the varieties Mliivska yellow and Drogana yellow, the lowest values were obtained for the varieties Meotida, Mirage and Amazonka. Dispersion analysis based on a combination of factors confirmed the highest degree of wood freezing for the Mliivska yellow and Drogana yellow varieties. Among the early-ripening varieties, the two-year-old wood froze the most in trees of the Dar Mlieva variety, where the highest degree of damage to the tissues of the bark, cambium, and wood was observed. The least tissue damage was in the Mliivska yellow variety, however, its core had the maximum damage not only within the group, but also among all the studied varieties. By artificial freezing in laboratory conditions, it was established that the highest frost resistance of annual and perennial wood is characteristic of the early ripening variety Zoryana, medium ripening Meotida and late ripening Amazonka. As a result of laboratory freezing, the frost resistance of fruiting bodies did not exceed 2.2 points. The fruiting formations of the Drogana yellow exceeded all the studied varieties in terms of the level of damage. High resistance to low temperatures was shown by the fruiting formations of the varieties Zoryana, Mirage and, especially, Alyonushka. The damage level of other pomological varieties was in the range of 1.9–2.25 points. The most negative effect of low temperatures was caused on flower germs.

5

Formation of the Main Indicators of Grain Quality of Winter Barley Varieties Depending on Biopreparations for Growing under the Conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Gamayunova Valentina Vasylivna, Kuvshinova Anna Oleksandrivna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 4

86--92

EN

The article presents the data of the results of research conducted under the conditions of the educational and scientific practical center of the Mykolaiv NAU during 2016–2019 with four varieties of winter barley. The influence of foliar top dressing with modern biopreparations and growth-regulating preparations in the main periods of vegetation of plants on the grain quality indicators was determined. It was found that the protein content in grain depended and varied on the preparation taken for processing barley crops, the time of top dressing, varietal characteristics of winter barley, and significantly on the weather conditions of the growing year. Similarly, under the influence of these factors, other indicators of grain quality have changed.

6

Content and Uptake of Selected Microelements with Potato Tuber Yield Treated with Biostimulators

Mystkowska Iwona, Rogóż-Matyszczak Anna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 8

65--70

EN

A field experiment was conducted in Międzyrzec Podlaski, (51°59’ N and 22°47’ E), Poland in the period from 2015 to 2017. The experiment was a two-way random split-plot arrangement of plots with three replicates. The following factors were examined: three varieties of potato – Honorata, Jelly, Tajfun, and four variants of application of biostimulants (Kelpak SL, Titanit, GreenOk, BrunatneBio Złoto). The control object comprised potato plants sprayed with distilled water. Biostimulators were applied to potato plants three times (beginning of flowering, full flowering and after flowering of the plants). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of biostimulants on the content and uptake of zinc and copper with the yield of potato tubers. High amount of rainfall in 2017 contributed to an increase in the content of zinc and copper in potato tubers. The tubers of potatoes treated with BrunatneBio Złoto had the highest contenting uptake of Zn and Cu compared to the control plants. The content of microelements in the tubers was significantly dependent on the genotype. The highest concentrations of Zn and Cu were found in the Honorata tubers, and the largest uptake was observed in the Jelly variety.

7

The Effect of Biostimulators on the Tastiness and Darkening of the Pulp of Raw and Cooked Potato Tubers

Mystkowska I., Baranowska A., Zarzecka K., Gugała M., Sikorska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 5

116--121

EN

Field experiments were carried out in 2015–2017 with the use of bio-stimulators on an individual farm in Międzyrzec Podlaski. The experiment was based on a random split-plot method. The influence of two first factors was examined. The primary factor included three varieties of edible potato: Honorata, Jelly, Tajfun, and the secondary factor involved five ways of using bio-stimulators: Kelpak SL, Titanit, Green Ok, Brunatne Bio Złoto Cytokinin. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of bio-stimulators on the tastiness and darkening of the pulp of raw and cooked tubers after 10 minutes. The effectiveness of the application of individual bio-stimulators in the cultivation of edible potato varieties: Honorata, Jelly and Tajfun was compared with the control object (without using bio-stimulators) sprayed with water. The methods of using bio-stimulators did not change the tastiness and darkening of the pulp of raw tubers, but they had a significant impact on the darkening of the pulp of the cooked tubers. The raw and cooked pulp of the Honorata variety darkened the least, and the Jelly variety turned out to be the tastiest, scoring 8.0 points on a scale of 1–9 compared to the remaining varieties.

8

The Impact of Agrotechnical Factors on Fresh and Dry Matter of Oilseed Rape

Sikorska A., Gugała M., Zarzecka K., Kapela K., Mystkowska I.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 3

174--179

EN

The field experiment was conducted in the years of 2013–2016 at the Agricultural Experimental Station – Zawady belonging to the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce. The experiment was set in the split-split-plot system in three repetitions. The studied factors were: I – three varieties of oilseed rape: Monolit (population variety), PR 44D06 (hybrid restored variety with a semi dwarf growth type), PT 205 (hybrid restored variety with a traditional growth type). II – two ways of sowing: 22.5 cm spacing (row sowing – density of sowing 60 seeds per 1 m-2), 45.0 cm spacing (point sowing – density of sowing 40 seeds per 1 m-2). III – four types of bio-stimulators used: the control object (without the use of bio-stimulators), Tytanit® bio-stimulator, Asahi®SL bio-stimulator, Silvit® bio-stimulator. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the types of used bio-stimulators and the way of sowing on the fresh and dry mass of plants (rosette, root) of three varieties of winter oilseed rape. The fresh and dry mass of the aboveground part of rosette and the fresh and dry mass of the root system depended significantly on the genetic factor, types of used bio-stimulators and atmospheric conditions prevailing in the individual years of research. From the cultivated varieties, the largest fresh and dry mass of the aboveground part of 1 rosette (on average of 33.3 g and 6.34 g) and the fresh and dry mass of the root system of 1 plant (an average of 7.97g and 2.30 g) characterised the population morphotype – Monolit. Types of the bio-stimulators used significantly impact the increased values of these characteristics. The greatest fresh and dry mass of plants (rosette, root) was noted on object 3, on which the Asahi SL bio-stimulator was used.

9

Matematyczny model cech geometrycznych wybranych odmian owoców śliwy (Prunus domestica L.)

Mieszkalski L.

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

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2016

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Nr 1

14--18

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodę matematycznego modelowania kształtu powierzchni zewnętrznych śliwek odmian Amers, Bluefre, Węgierka Zwykła. Do modelowania kształtu, z prób po 100 owoców każdej odmiany, wybrano po trzy śliwki różniące się wymiarami i kształtem. Kształt powierzchni śliwki odwzorowano wykorzystując równania parametryczne. Proponowany matematyczny model 3D kształtu śliwek można wykorzystać w projektowaniu, modelowaniu i sterowaniu operacjami technologicznymi procesów produkcji i przetwarzania.

EN

A method of mathematical modeling of the shape of the outer surface of the varieties of plums Amers, Bluefre, Węgierka Zwykła. To the modeling of the shape of samples with 100 fruit from each variety were selected after three plums different dimensions and shape. The shape of the surface of plums mapped using parametric equations. The proposed mathematical model of the 3D shape of plums can be used in the design, modeling and control of technological operations production and processing.

10

Yielding of new quality varieties of winter wheat cultivated in organic farming

Jończyk K., Stalenga J.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 61, nr 3

200--205

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the yielding of selected quality varieties of winter wheat grown in organic farming in different regions of Poland. The field trials were performed in the years 2014-2015. The analyses included grain yield, its structure, nitrogen nutritional status and presence and intensity of fungal diseases. The results showed that, regardless of locality, Sailor, KWS Ozon and Muszelka gave the largest and the most stable yields. The mass of 1000 grains was the main factor responsible for this. Arkadia, Ostroga and spelt wheat Rokosz varieties gave the smallest yields. There was a lack of correlation between the yields and the nitrogen nutritional status of tested varieties. The results indicate the need to develop new critical nitrogen concentrations better tailored to the specifics of organic farming.

PL

W latach 2014 - 2015 przeprowadzono badania polowe, których celem była ocena plonowania wybranych jakościowych odmian pszenicy ozimej uprawianych w gospodarstwach ekologicznych w różnych rejonach kraju. Zakres badań obejmował plon ziarna i cechy jego struktury, stan odżywienia roślin w azot oraz występowanie i nasilenie chorób grzybowych. Wyniki badań pozwoliły na wskazanie niezależnie od warunków siedliskowych odmian, które charakteryzowały się dużymi i stabilnymi w latach plonami ziarna, były to: Sailor, KWS Ozon, Muszelka. Cechą charakterystyczną struktury plonu decydującą o większej wydajności w tej grupie była głównie masa 1000 ziaren. Do grupy odmian o najmniejszej wydajności zaliczono odmiany: Arkadia, Ostroga oraz pszenicy orkisz Rokosz. Stwierdzono brak zależność pomiędzy uzyskanymi plonami a stanem odżywienia badanych odmian w azot. Wynik ten wskazuje na potrzebę wypracowania w warunkach produkcji ekologicznej nowych zawartości krytycznych azotu lepiej dopasowanych do specyfiki tego systemu.

11

Evaluation of usefulness of self-determinate and traditional variety of yellow lupine to cultivation at mixture with spring triticale

Podleśny J., Podleśna A.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 61, nr 4

124--131

EN

The studies were conducted in the years 2008-2010, at Agricultural Experimental Station in Grabów, which belongs to Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB) in Puławy. The first experimental factor was yellow lupine variety: Taper (self-determinate type) and Dukat (traditional type), and the second row factor was share of components in the mixture (lupine and triticale var. Dublet): A - lupine 100% (100 plants·m2), B - lupine 75% (75 plants·m2) + triticale 25% (125 plants·m2), C - lupine 50% (50 plants·m2) + triticale 50% (250 plants·m2), D - lupine 25% (25 plants·m2) + triticale 75% (375 plants·m2), E - triticale 100% (500 plants·m2). The aim of undertaken researches was evaluation of usefulness of traditional and self-determinate varieties of yellow lupine to cultivation with spring triticale. Both yellow lupine varieties occurred useful to cultivation in mixture with triticale in regard on similar rate of growth and development, and particularly similar date of maturation. In the all years of studies were achieved similar yield of triticale cultivated in mixture with traditional and self-determinate lupine variety. Percentage share of individual varieties seeds in yield after the harvest was different than their share in sowing mixture - there was obtained considerably lower share of lupine and greater share of triticale. Therefore to obtain considerably lupine yield its share in the sowing mixture should exceed 50% of pure sowing.

PL

Badania prowadzono w latach 2008-2010, w Rolniczym Zakładzie Doświadczalnym w Grabowie należącym do IUNG-PIB w Puławach. Czynnikiem pierwszego rzędu były odmiany łubinu żółtego: Dukat (typ tradycyjny) i Taper (typ samokończący), a czynnikiem drugiego rzędu udział komponentów w mieszance (łubinu i pszenżyta odm. Dublet): A - łubin 100% (100 roślin·m-2); B - łubin 75% (75 roślin·m-2) + pszenżyto 25% (125 roślin·m-2); C - łubin 50% (50 roślin·m-2) + pszenżyto 50% (250 roślin·m-2); D - łubin 25% (25 roślin·m-2) + pszenżyto 75% (375 roślin·m-2); E - pszenżyto 100% (500 roślin·m-2). Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie przydatności tradycyjnych i samokończących odmian łubinu żółtego do uprawy z pszenżytem jarym. Ze względu na zbliżony rytm wzrostu i rozwoju, a zwłaszcza termin dojrzewania, obydwie odmiany łubinu żółtego okazały się przydatne do uprawy w mieszance z pszenżytem. We wszystkich latach badań, uzyskano podobny plon mieszanki pszenżyta uprawianego zarówno z tradycyjną jak i samokończącą odmianą łubinu. Procentowy udział nasion poszczególnych gatunków w plonie po zbiorze był inny niż w wysiewanej mieszance - uzyskano znacznie mniejszy udział łubinu a większy pszenżyta. Dlatego, aby uzyskać znaczny plon łubinu jego udział w wysiewanej mieszance powinien przekraczać 50% siewu czystego.

12

Impact of Herbicides on Consumption Characters of Potato Tubers

Gugała M., Zarzecka K., Krasnodębska E., Sikorska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 2

153--156

EN

The aim of the undertaken studies was to determine the effect of the herbicides used in the experiment on important features of the consumption values of three varieties of edible potato. Test results come from a field experiment conducted in 2007–2010. The experiment was established as two-factor in the split-plot system in three repetitions. Two factors were tested in the experiment: factor I - potato varieties: Satina, Tajfun, Cekin; factor II – five methods of weed control. Darkening of the pulp of cooked tubers after 10 min, 2 and 24 hours shape the ways of weed control of the plantation and the genotype of the grown varieties. The use of herbicides in 2–5 variants has significantly increased the darkening of the pulp. The Tajfun variation darkened to the lowest degree, and Cekin to the largest degree.

13

Effect of Some Herbicides Application on Nitrates (V) Content in Potato Tubers

Zarzecka K., Gugała M., Dołęga H., Mystkowska I., Baranowska A., Sikorska A., Głuszczak B.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

|

Vol. 17, nr 3

198--202

EN

A field experiment was carried out in the Agricultural Experimental Station Zawady (52°03’ N; 22°33’E), owned by the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in 2005–2007. The research was designed as a two factors randomized block with three replicates. The factors examined in the experiment included two potato varieties – Irga and Balbina and four weed control methods combined mechanical and chemical for herbicides application: Plateen 41,5 WG (metribuzin + flufenacet), Racer 250 EC (fluorochloridone), Sencor 70 WG (metribuzin), and control object – mechanical weeding before and after potato sprouting. The study was designed to test the influence of weed control methods on nitrates content in consumption potato tubers. The nitrates (V) content depended on the weed control methods, varieties and weather conditions throughout the growing season. The highest nitrates (V) content was determined when weeds were controlled mechanically and chemically using Sencor 70 WG. The study results demonstrated that Balbina had a higher concentration of nitrates (V) compared with Irga.

14

Yielding of two spring wheat varieties, grown in pure sowing and mixtures with spring triticale on light soil

Michalski T., Szulc P., Kowalik I., Maciejewski T.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 60, nr 4

41--45

EN

The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of sowing clean and mixtures of spring wheat and triticale, on light soil without the use of chemical production means. The field experiment was conducted in 2009-2011, in a randomized block system with four replications. Varieties of wheat: Bombona and Zadra and Dublet triticale grown in pure sowing and in their mutual mixtures: Bombona+Zadra, Bombona+Dublet and Zadra+Dublet. Mixtures were seeded in a proportion of 50/50% relative to pure seed. Grain crops and the number of stems and crop components were determined. The studies have shown that the spring triticale in pure sowing was the most efficient in yielding - significantly higher than spring wheat varieties and mixtures of: Bombona+Zadra and Bombona+Dublet. It was the result of higher values for all components in triticale crops. Mixtures of crops on average, were similar to the median of their constituent components, however, they showed a large variation over the years. In a favorable year 2010 for cereals, they yielded below expectations, but they yielded the best in the low yielding year (2011). The cultivar mixture of wheat did not differ from the wheat and triticale - wheat mixtures. Among the interspeces mixtures, a combination Zadra+Doublet showed the trend towards higher yielding.

PL

Celem podjętych badań było porównanie wydajności siewów czystych i mieszanek pszenicy jarej i pszenżyta, na glebie lekkiej, bez stosowania nawozów i chemicznych środków ochrony roślin. Doświadczenie polowe przeprowadzono w latach 2009-2011, w układzie losowanych bloków, w czterech powtórzeniach. Odmiany pszenicy: Bombona i Zadra oraz pszenżyto Dublet uprawiano w siewie czystym oraz we wzajemnych mieszankach: Bombona+Zadra, Bombona+Dublet oraz Zadra+ Dublet. Mieszanki wysiewano w proporcji 50/50% w relacji do siewu czystego. Określano plony ziarna oraz liczbę źdźbeł i komponenty plonowania. W badaniach wykazano, że najwyżej plonowało pszenżyto jare w siewie czystym - istotnie wyżej od odmian pszenicy jarej i mieszanek Bombona+Zadra oraz Bombona+Dublet. Było to wynikiem wyższych wartości w pszenżycie dla wszystkich komponentów plonowania. Plony mieszanek w ujęciu średnim były zbliżone do mediany z tworzących je komponentów, wykazywały jednakże dużą zmienność w latach. W korzystnym dla zbóż roku 2010 plonowały poniżej oczekiwań, natomiast najlepiej wypadły w roku słabego plonowania (2011). Mieszanka odmianowa pszenicy nie różniła się wydajnością od pszenicy oraz mieszanek pszenicy z pszenżytem. Sposród mieszanek międzygatunkowych, tendencje do wyższego plonowania wykazywała kombinacja Zadra+Dublet.

15

The comparison of competitive ability against weeds of 10 varieties of rye cultivated in organic system

Feledyn-Szewczyk B., Berbeć A. K., Jończyk K.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 59, nr 3

35--40

EN

In the study 9 varieties of winter rye: Bosmo, Dańkowskie Amber, Dańkowskie Diament, Dańkowskie Złote, Daran, Kier, Rostockie, Stanko, Walet and one summer and winter sown variety - Bojko cultivated in organic system were compared. The research was conducted in 2012-2013 in two different locations: Grabów (Masovian voivodeiship) and Taraskowo (Podlasie voivodeship). The number of weeds and their dry matter were analyzed in two growing stages of rye: tillering and dough stage. Moreover the analysis of height, number of tillers and yielding of rye varieties were done. In dough stage number of weeds was big, 235 pcs∙m-2 on average, but their dry matter was on the level of 55 g∙m-2 on average. Rye varieties did not differ significantly due to the number of weeds, based on means from 2 years and locations, except of Bojko. Different reactions of rye varieties in relation to weeds in locations were observed. The most competitive varieties according to dry matter of weeds in dough stage were in Grabów: Dańkowskie Złote, Daran and Walet, and in Taraskowo: Bosmo, Dańkowskie Diament and Rostockie. There were no significant correlations between the level of infestation and morphological features of rye varieties: height and tillering. The observed level of weed infestation did not significantly affect grain yield of tested rye varieties.

PL

Porównano zachwaszczenie 10 odmian żyta ozimego uprawianego w systemie ekologicznym: Bojko, Bosmo, Dańkowskie Amber, Dańkowskie Diament, Dańkowskie Złote, Daran, Kier, Rostockie, Stanko i Walet. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2012-2013 w 2 lokalizacjach: Grabowie n. Wisłą (województwo mazowieckie) i Taraskowie (województwo podlaskie). Oznaczono liczebność oraz powietrznie suchą masę chwastów w dwóch terminach: w fazie krzewienia oraz dojrzałości woskowej pszenicy oraz wykonano analizy wysokości, rozkrzewienia i plonowania badanych odmian żyta ozimego. W fazie dojrzałości woskowej liczebność chwastów w zasiewach żyta była znacząca, średnio 235 szt.∙m-2, ale ich sucha masa nie była duża, średnio 55 g∙m-2. Odmiany żyta ozimego, średnio z 2 lat badań i miejscowości, nie różniły się istotnie statystycznie pod względem liczby chwastów, z wyjątkiem odmiany Bojko. Stwierdzono różną reakcję odmian na zachwaszczenie w miejscowościach. Odmianami o największej konkurencyjności, mierzonej suchą masą chwastów w fazie dojrzałości woskowej były w Grabowie: Dańkowskie Złote, Daran i Walet, a w Taraskowie: Bosmo, Dańkowskie Diament i Rostockie. Nie stwierdzono wyraźnych zależności między poziomem zachwaszczenia a cechami morfologicznymi odmian żyta: wysokością i rozkrzewieniem. Obserwowany poziom zachwaszczenia nie wpływał istotnie na plony ziarna badanych odmian żyta ozimego.

16

Cechy technologiczne badanych odmian ziarna pszenicy ozimej uprawianych w warunkach Polski i Wielkiej Brytanii

Murawska B., Spychaj-Fabisiak E., Keutgen A., Wszelaczyńska E., Pobereżny J.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2014

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Nr 2

96--98

PL

Odmiany pszenicy ozimej uprawiano odpowiednio w Wielkiej Brytanii: Alchemy, Ascot, Oakley i Solstice oraz w Polsce: Muszelka, Batuta i Bogatka. Badania prowadzono w latach 2009-2011 i dotyczyły one określenia plonu ziarna i jego cech jakościowych. Dokonano oceny mąki, zawartość białka i wybranych cech technologicznych (liczby opadania, testu Zeleny'ego, zawartości glutenu mokrego). Stwierdzono, że brytyjskie odmiany pszenicy uzyskały wyższe plony ziarna oraz, że wszystkie badane odmiany pszenicy ozimej różniły się parametrami technologicznymi.

EN

Winter wheat varieties (British: Alchemy, Ascot, Oakley and Solstice, and Polish: Muszelka, Batuta and Bogatka) were cultivated in field trials in both countries, respectively. Crops yields in 2009-2011 were evaluated and grain and flour samples were analysed for protein content and some technological features (falling number, Zeleny test, wet gluten content). It was found that the British winter wheat varieties yielded better, and that all the other parameters strongly differentiated among the varieties.

17

Występowanie motylkowatych w siedliskach cennych przyrodniczo

Grzelak M., Gaweł E.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 57, nr 3

137-149

PL

Badania dotyczące występowania motylkowatych w siedliskach cennych przyrodniczo, przeprowadzono w latach 2009-2010, na podstawie "Dokumentacji przyrodniczej siedliskowej". Jako powierzchnie badawcze wybrano kompleksy łąk zarówno na obszarze Natura 2000, jak i poza nią. W pięciu wariantach siedlisk pakietu 4 i 5 zbadano: ilość, sumę i średnią liczbę gatunków w płatach roślinnych. Ponadto określono jednostki fitosocjologiczne oraz typy siedlisk, w których występują motylkowate, według klasyfikacji Natura 2000, dla poszczególnych wariantów pakietu 5 oraz systematyczny wykaz występowania motylkowatych w różnych wariantach siedlisk przyrodniczych. Stwierdzono występowanie 17 gatunków roślin motylkowatych z 5 rodzajów. Najwięcej gatunków występuje w rodzaju Trifolium - 6 gatunków i rodzaju Vicia - 5 gatunków. Rodzaj: Medicago, Lathyrus i Lotus jest reprezentowany tylko przez 2 gatunki. Wśród motylkowatych cennych siedlisk i o dużych walorach przyrodniczych tylko 2 gatunki zanotowano w wariancie 5.2. - Mechowiska.

EN

Investigations on the occurrence of legumes in naturally valuable sites were carried out in years 2009 and 2010 on the basis of "Site natural documentation". Meadow complexes situated in areas of Natura 2000 as well as outside them were selected as experimental surfaces. The amount, total and mean number of species in individual plots were assessed in five site variants of package 4 and 5. In addition, phytosociological units as well as site types in which leguminous plants occurred were determined on the basis of Natura 2000 classification for individual variants of package 5 and a systematic list of occurrence of legumes in different variants of natural sites. The total of 17 legume species from 5 genera were found to occur with 6 species from the Trifolium genus and 5 species from the Vicia genus. Medicago, Lathyrus and Lotus genera were represented by 2 species each. Among legume valuable sites and of high natural value only 2 species were recorded in variant 5.2. areas with moss.

18

Wpływ traktowania jabłek gorącą wodą na ich jakość i występowanie chorób przechowalniczych

Bryk H., Rutkowski K. P.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 57, nr 3

26-30

PL

W latach 2009-2012 prowadzono w Instytucie Ogrodnictwa w Skierniewicach badania nad możliwością ograniczenia występowania chorób przechowalniczych jabłek dwóch odmian - `Pinova` i `Topaz` - przydatnych do uprawy ekologicznej, jednak bardzo podatnych na choroby przechowalnicze. Owoce po zbiorze zanurzano w gorącej wodzie o temperaturze 48-49oC przez 2 minuty, a następnie przechowywano w chłodni zwykłej w temperaturze 2oC. Po przechowaniu oceniono występowanie chorób przechowalniczych i cechy jakościowe jabłek. Stwierdzono, że główną chorobą, jaka wystąpiła na jabłkach obu odmian, pochodzących z sadu ekologicznego, była gorzka zgnilizna jabłek (Pezicula spp.). Traktowanie owoców gorącą wodą istotnie ograniczyło nasilenie tej choroby; efektywność zabiegu była bardzo wysoka (75-100%) po 4 miesiącach przechowywania. Traktowanie owoców gorącą wodą nie pogorszyło ich jakości, wyrażonej zawartością ekstraktu, jędrnością miąższu i kwasowością, ani po przechowaniu, ani po symulowanym obrocie handlowym.

EN

The study was conducted in the years 2009-2012 in a certified organic orchard belonging to the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice. Apples of two cultivars `Topaz` and `Pinova` after harvest were dipped in hot water (48-49oC) for 2 min. and stored under normal storage conditions (2oC) for 4 and 6 months. After storage the incidence of storage diseases and quality of apples were estimated. It was found that the main disease affecting apples was bull`s eye rot (Pezicula spp.). The hot water treatment significantly reduced this disease on the apples of both cultivars (efficacy of 75-100% after 4 months of storage). There was no effect of postharvest hot water treatment on the fruit quality (as firmness, total soluble solids and acidity) both after storage and shelf life.

19

Przydatność gatunków i odmian warzyw kapustnych do uprawy ekologicznej

Kaniszewski S., Babik I., Babik J.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 57, nr 3

190-193

PL

Wzrastająca świadomość konsumentów sprawia, że z roku na rok zwiększa się zapotrzebowanie na żywność ekologiczną. W krajach UE rynek żywności ekologicznej jest dobrze zorganizowany, natomiast w Polsce produkcja i dystrybucja żywności ekologicznej napotyka na szereg trudności. Ze względu na obowiązujący w produkcji ekologicznej zakaz stosowania syntetycznych środków ochrony roślin i nawozów mineralnych dobór odpowiednich gatunków i odmian warzyw ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla efektywności produkcji. Wymagania w stosunku do odmian są większe w uprawie ekologicznej niż w uprawach konwencjonalnych, ale jest to najłatwiejsza i najskuteczniejsza metoda ograniczenia ryzyka uprawy. Celem badań prowadzonych w latach 2009-2011 było określenie przydatności gatunków i odmian warzyw kapustnych do uprawy ekologicznej. W doborze kierowano się wartością gospodarczą gatunku, wymaganiami nawozowymi, podatnością na choroby i szkodniki. Warzywa kapustne uprawiano po przyoranej koniczynie czerwonej lub mieszanka strączkowych i wiosennym nawożeniu kompostem (25 t? ha-1). Spośród odmian kapusty głowiastej do uprawy ekologicznej przydatne były odmiany mieszańcowe Discover F1, Impala F1 i Lennox F1. Z powodzeniem nadawała się również stara odmiana ustalona Kamienna Głowa, mimo słabszego wyrównania jakości główek. Kalarepa jest gatunkiem, który dobrze nadaje się do uprawy ekologicznej ze względu na krótki okres uprawy, mniejsze wymagania pokarmowe i mniejsze zagrożenie ze strony szkodników i chorób. Spośród badanych odmian kalarepy najlepsze wyniki uzyskano dla późnej odmiany Kossak F1 (biała). Do uprawy ekologicznej nadawały się też stare, ustalone odmiany (niebieskie) Alka i Delikates Blauer. Do uprawy wczesnej można polecić bardzo wczesną odmianę Vikora F1, ale zbiór tej odmiany musi być wykonany terminowo. Opóźnienie zbioru skutkuje pękaniem zgrubień.

EN

Increasing consumer awareness makes every year an increasing demand for organic food. In the EU market of organic food is well organized, while in Poland the production and distribution of organic food is faced with many difficulties. Restricted use of synthetic pesticides and mineral fertilization in organic production makes crop and variety selection the great important factor for production efficiency. Requirements for the varieties are higher in organic farming than in conventional one, but this is the easiest and most effective method of crop risk reduction. The aim of the research conducted in the years 2009 - 2011 was to determine the suitability of species and varieties of Brassica crop for organic farming. In the selection the economic crop value, fertilizer requirements, susceptibility to disease pests were considered. Cole crops were grown on ploughed red clover or legume mixture and spring fertilizing with compost (25 t? ha-1). Hybrid varieties Discover F1, Impala F1 and Lennox F1 were among the varieties of cabbage most suitable for organic cultivation. The old variety Kamienna Głowa was also suitable for organic production, despite a lower uniformity of the heads. Kohlrabi was a species well suited for organic farming due to the short period of cultivation, lower nutritional requirements and less susceptible to pests and diseases. Among the examined varieties of kohlrabi best results were obtained for the late variety Kossak F1 (white). For organic farming the old, established varieties Alka and Delikates Blauer (blue) are also suitable. For early crops, a very early variety Vikora F1, can be recommended but a harvest of this variety must be done on time. Delayed harvest results in tuber cracking.

20

Porównanie konkurencyjności w stosunku do chwastów 14 odmian pszenicy ozimej uprawianych w systemie ekologicznym w różnych rejonach kraju

Feledyn-Szewczyk B.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 57, nr 3

73-78

PL

Celem badań była ocena zachwaszczenia 14 odmian pszenicy ozimej, uprawianych w systemie ekologicznym w 2011 r., w 3 lokalizacjach: Osiny (woj. lubelskie), Chwałowice (woj. mazowieckie) i Chomentowo (woj. podlaskie). Analizy obejmowały ocenę liczebności oraz powietrznie suchej masy chwastów w fazie krzewienia i dojrzałości woskowej pszenicy. W fazie krzewienia pszenicy najmniejszą liczebność oraz masę chwastów stwierdzono w odmianach pszenicy uprawianych w Osinach. Mimo dużej liczebności chwastów w Chomentowie i Chwałowicach (powyżej 100 szt.? m-2), były to głównie drobne siewki, których masa nie przekraczała 20 g? m-2. W fazie dojrzałości woskowej pszenicy najmniejszą masę chwastów stwierdzono w łanach odmian uprawianych w Chomentowie (średnio 39 g? m-2), a największą w Chwałowicach (średnio 73 g? m-2). Spośród badanych odmian pszenicy ozimej Jantarka i Nateja wyróżniały się dużą konkurencyjnością w stosunku do chwastów we wszystkich miejscowościach. Odmiana Ostroga cechowała się małą liczebnością i masą chwastów przez cały sezon wegetacyjny w Chwałowicach i Chomentowie, podobnie jak Kohelia, Bogatka i orkisz Schwabenkorn w Osinach. Duża masa chwastów była rejestrowana w odmianach Ostka Strzelecka i Natula w Osinach i Chomentowie oraz Natula, Alcazar i Batuta w Chwałowicach.

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the weed infestation of 14 winter wheat varieties, grown in organic farming system in 2011, in three locations: Osiny (Lublin voivodeship), Chwałowice (Masovian voivodeship) and Chomentowo (Podlasie voivodeship). The analysis included assessment of the number of weeds and their dry matter in tillering and dough stage. In tillering stage the smallest number and dry matter of weeds were found in wheat varieties cultivated in Osiny. Despite the large abundance of weeds in Chomentowo and Chwałowice (over 100 plants? m-2), there were mainly minor seedlings whose weight did not exceed 20 g? m-2. In dough stage of winter wheat the smallest dry matter of weeds was observed in varieties cultivated in Chomentowo (39 g? m-2 on average), and the largest in Chwałowice (73 g? m-2 on average). Among the tested varieties Nateja and Jantarka were characterized by a big competitive ability against weeds in all locations. In Chwałowice and Chomentowo Ostroga was distinguished by a small number and dry matter of weeds throughout the growing season, as well as Kohelia, Bogatka and spelt Schwabenkorn in Osiny. The large biomass of weeds was recorded in Ostka Strzelecka and Natula in Osiny and Chomentowo as well as Natula, Alcazar and Batuta in Chwałowice.