Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Efficient and Sustainable Remediation of Refinery Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation and Advanced Oxidation Techniques

Albrazanjy Mohammed G., Hasan Muayad M., Al-Jadir Thaer, Kadhim Wafaa A., Rahim Mohd Hasbi Ab., Al-Rubaiey Najem A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 3

197--210

EN

Effluent wastewater from industrial processes needs to be properly treated before being discharged into the environment. Conventional procedures for handling this wastewater can be problematic due to the presence of toxic elements, time constraints, and complexity. However, a new electrochemical procedure has been developed as an effective method for remediation. In a recent study, refinery wastewater was successfully treated using an electrochemical technique combined with ultrasonic irradiation and photocatalysis. The study found that electrocoagulation, which uses cheap and recyclable metal electrodes, was a simple, efficient, practical, and cost-effective way to handle refinery wastewater. Various parameters were investigated, including electrode metals, operating time, applied voltage, pH, inter-electrode gap, and temperature. The aim was to determine the optimal configuration for pollutant removal. The study also focused on the synergistic effects of combining electrocoagulation and photocatalysis to improve the efficiency of contaminant removal in oily wastewater. By integrating these two treatment technologies, the researchers aimed to enhance pollutant removal rates, energy efficiency, and overall system performance. The research provided valuable insights into the feasibility, optimization parameters, and applicability of the electrocoagulation-photocatalysis process for remediating organic contaminants in oily wastewater industrial effluents. The results showed that electrocoagulation, especially when combined with ultrasonic irradiation and TiO2 photocatalysis, was highly effective in pollutant removal within a short timeframe. These findings support the implementation of this procedure for remediating most industrial wastewater.In conclusion, the study contributes to the development of more effective and sustainable water treatment strategies. The electrocoagulation-photocatalysis process shows promise in addressing the remediation of organic contaminants in oily wastewater from industrial processes.

2

Formation of information base for controlling settlement of solid-phase ore slurry particles in a thickener

Morkun Vladimir, Morkun Natalia, Tron Vitalii, Serdiuk Oleksandra, Haponenko Alona, Haponenko Iryna

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

|

2023

|

Vol. 17, no. 3

410--416

EN

Thickeners are process units that are often used at mining enterprises. There, they are involved in dehydration of mineral con-centration products when water is removed from wet tailings containing metal concentrates. In mineral processing, large quantities of process water are used to separate different minerals from each other, so dehydration plays a major role in ore processing and preparation for concentration. This research aims to develop methods and tools of ultrasonic measurement of characteristics of settlement of solid-phase slurry particles and to assess their possible application to the automatic control system of the thickener to improve its efficiency.

3

Application of ultrasonic cleaning for shipborne heat exchangers: Construction, numerical simulation, and verification

Buse Hauke, Spangemacher Lars, Fröhlich Siegmund

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

|

2022

|

nr 71 (143)

41--47

EN

The current article describes the basics and prospects of the ultrasound-assisted cleaning of shell and tube heat exchangers that are used, e.g., on ships. A main issue of seawater heat exchangers is their clogging. After a certain operating time, the fouling process (barnacles, algae, etc.) starts, which results in a decreased performance that produces a noticeably reduced flow rate and a declining transmission of heat energy. Based on the current state of the art, heat exchangers are cleaned by mechanical or chemical (CIP, cleaning in place) methods. Especially on ship-based systems, a mechanical cleaning in very narrow spaces can be difficult and the usage of chemicals for CIP may generally be prohibited. An ultrasound-assisted cleaning would significantly save time and manning. Based on previous experiments, a test reactor represented by a shell and tube heat exchanger with ultrasound-assisted cleaning has been designed. A FEM (finite element method) simulation is performed to provide information about the ultrasound power distribution inside the reactor. Further, the assembly and commissioning of the test reactor with associated comparative measurements were carried out, which are also reported here.

4

Evaluation of new designed reference blocks for calibration and NDT by optical and ultrasonic techniques

Barakat Mirham A.Y., Abdelwahab Mohamed, Abdallah Alshaimaa Waheed

Metrology and Measurement Systems

|

2022

|

Vol. 29, nr 4

719--736

EN

Reference blocks are required for ultrasonic calibration and non-destructive testing (NDT). There are already in existence sets of reference blocks constructed according to American Society for Testing and Materials standards, but as the industry evolves, we need more reference blocks with varied designs. In this study, two reference blocks of steel and aluminum are constructed. These blocks have several sets of flat bottom holes (FBH) with different diameters (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mm), angles (45° and 90°) and placements. The novel constructed reference blocks are evaluated using the ultrasonic and a displacement measuring interferometer (DMI). They allow for detailed FBH characterization in terms of defining their location, diameter, depth and so on. The two techniques show consistency in the majority of the outcomes. The expanded uncertainty of readings is found to be ±1.4 μm, according to DMI data. The findings show that the newly constructed blocks could be ideal for evaluating a variety of calibration factors including transducer sensitivity, dead zone, defect size, and depth. Furthermore, they can be used in NDT in various industries such as petroleum pipe production, steel manufacturing and so on.

5

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir lap welded dissimilar Al/Ti alloys by ultrasonic assistance

Dong Zhibo, Zhang Ziao, Hu Wei, Gong Peng, Lv Zan

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2022

|

Vol. 67, iss. 1

91--96

EN

Dissimilar Al/Ti alloy sheets were lap welded with ultrasonic assistance in this work. The influence of ultrasonic vibration on formation, intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and tensile failure load of the obtained joints was discussed. The results showed that voids formed at the lap interface without ultrasonic assistance. No voids can be observed on the joint welded with ultrasonic because the vibration during welding improved the material flow. No obvious IMC formed at the Al/Ti bonding interface of the joint welded without ultrasonic assistance. An IMC layer formed at the bonding interface of Al/Ti with ultrasonic assistance and its thickness increased with decreasing the welding speed. The failure load of the joint welded with ultrasonic assistance was higher than the joint without ultrasonic because the void was eliminated and the thin IMC layer formed at the bonding interface was beneficial to joint strength. All joints presented shear failure mode during the tensile shear tests.

6

Ultrasonic Assisted Active-Passive Filling Friction Stir Repairing to Eliminate Volume Defects

Wang Tao, Gong Xue, Ji Shude, Xue Gang, Lv Zan

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2021

|

Vol. 66, iss. 1

217--222

EN

Ultrasonic assisted active-passive filling friction stir repairing (A-PFFSR) was proposed to repair volume defects in the metallic parts. Sound joints without interfacial defects could be achieved. Firstly, the ultrasonic was beneficial to improving material flow and atom diffusion, and then eliminated kissing bond defects compared to conventional A-PFFSR joints. Secondly, the equiaxed grains were refined by ultrasonic vibration. Lastly, the repairing passes were reduced due to the ultrasonic, which decreased softening degree of the repaired joints. The maximum tensile strength of 150 MPa was achieved. Therefore, this strategy to repair the volume defects is feasibility and potential in the remanufacturing fields of aerospace and transportation.

7

Influence of Experimental Setup Parameters on Ultrasonic Assisted Micro-Upsetting

Presz W.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2020

|

Vol. 65, iss. 1

423--431

EN

The progressive development of miniature systems increases the demand for miniature parts. Reducing the size of manufactured components on one hand is a serious challenge for traditional technologies, but on the other hand, mainly by removing the energy barrier opens the possibility of using other unconventional techniques. A good example is the ultrasonic excitation of the punch during the micro-upsetting process. The anti-barreling phenomenon and dependent on the amplitude of vibrations, intensive deformation of the surface layers in contact with the tools at both ends of the sample was noted. Based on the measured strains and stresses, an increase in temperature in the extreme layers to approx. 200°C was suggested. By adopting a simplified dynamic model of the test stand, the possibility of detaching the surface of the punch from the surface of the sample was demonstrated.

8

Effect of Ultrasonic-Assisted Preparation of Powders on Synthesis of Rare Earth Zirconates

Niemiec D., Mikuśkiewicz M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2020

|

Vol. 65, iss. 1

417--422

EN

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of sonochemical treatments on homogenization of powders as well as phase composition and thermal stability of sinters. The compounds were prepared from Eu2O3 and ZrO2 powders, weighed in the mass ratio 1:1. Initially ultrasound treatment was applied. 750-Watt ultrasonic processor VCX-750 equipped with sealed converter VC-334 and horn 630-0219 with the diameter of 13 mm (Sonics & Materials, Inc.) was used as a source of ultrasound. Applied ultrasound frequency was 20 kHz, power density was controlled in the range from 75 W/cm2 to 340 W/cm2. Investigated compounds were synthesized via solid-state reaction (SSR). The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used in order to investigate the effect of sonochemical treatment on the synthesis of prepared mixtures the powders particle size distribution was analyzed. Ultrasound treatment what wasn’t never been reported before.

9

Gas Blowing Ultrasonic Aluminium Degassing Assessment with the Reduced Pressure Test (RPT) Method

Galarraga H., de Cortazar M. G., Arregi E., Artola A., Oncala J. L., Merchan M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2020

|

Vol. 20, iss. 2

111--117

EN

Entrapped gases, solidification shrinkage and non-metallic compound formation are main sources of porosity in aluminium alloy castings. Porosity is detrimental to the mechanical properties of these castings; therefore, its reduction is pursued. Rotary degassing is the method mostly employed in industry to remove dissolved gases from aluminium melts, reducing porosity formation during solidification of the cast part. Recently, ultrasonic degassing has emerged as a promising alternative thanks to a lower dross formation and higher energy efficiency. This work aims to evaluate the efficiency of the ultrasonic degasser and compare it to a conventional rotary degassing technique applied to an AlSi10Mg alloy. Degassing efficiency was evaluated employing the reduced pressure test (RPT), where samples solidified under reduced pressure conditions are analysed. Factors affecting RPT were considered and temperature parameters for the test were established. The influence of ultrasonic degassing process parameters, such as degassing treatment duration and purging gas flow rate were studied, as well as treated aluminium volume and oxide content. Finally, ultrasonic degassing process was contrasted to a conventional rotary degassing technique, comparing their efficiency.

10

Calibration of ultrasound tester delay time by cutting a wooden beam

Karwat Zbigniew, Rousek Miroslav

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

|

2020

|

No. 110

131--139

EN

Obtaining precise and reliable test results requires specific tools on one hand, and at the same time, reliability of the results should not be questioned. One of the necessary steps to achieve this goal is the calibration of the measuring device before the test. This article describes an experiment involving calibration of the device by an independent method called cutting beam calibration carried out on the ultrasonic material tester UMT 01. The standard calibration of this device is carried out by using a dedicated metal disc as a template. Calibration of the tester consisted of determining the time delay of the measured signal. The obtained results were used to prepare charts and to determine of signal time delay, called correction, which also allowed determining the velocity of ultrasonic wave in the tested material in three ways. The experiment was conducted on samples of three species of wood: Norway spruce, Scots pine and sycamore. The velocity of ultrasonic wave from research was compared with literature data.

PL

Kalibracja ultradźwiękowego testera materiałów przy pomocy przycinanej belki drewnianej. Celem badań było sprawdzenie kalibracji ultradźwiękowego testera materiałów UMT 01 bez użycia wzorca fabrycznego. Sprawdzenie to polegało na pomiarach całkowitych czasów przebiegu sygnału w skracanych próbkach. Skracanie próbek odbywało się naprzemiennie i równomierne odcinanie jej końców. Badania przeprowadzono z użyciem ultradźwięków przy zastosowaniu impulsowego trybu pracy testera. Kalibracja została przeprowadzona na trzech gatunkach drewna: sosny zwyczajnej, świerka pospolitego i klonu jaworu. Wyniki pomiarów poddano analizie. Ustalono, iż proponowana niezależna metoda kalibracji jest zgodna i równie dokładna jak kalibracja wzorcem dedykowanym. Równocześnie badania te potwierdziły, iż używanie poliakrylowego żelu ultrasonograficznego podczas badań istotnie zwiększa precyzję pomiarów. Na mocy porównania wyników badań z danymi źródłowymi oraz dokładnego przeglądu literatury, można stwierdzić, iż w zagadnieniu ultrasonografii drewna zdarza się słabe doprecyzowanie rodzaju prędkości mierzonych fal (grupowej, fazowej, impulsowej). Uporządkowanie i rozstrzygnięcie rodzaju prędkości mierzonych, znacznie ułatwiłoby interpretację i metaanalizę danych z różnych prac.

11

Ultrasonic vibrations as an impulse for glass transition in microforming of bulk metallic glass

Presz Wojciech, Kulik Tadeusz

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2019

|

Vol. 19, no. 1

100--113

EN

The paper presents the idea of the utilisation of ultrasonic vibrations in microforming at elevated temperature of a bulk metallic glasses as an impulse of additional energy for initiating a glass transition at lower than nominal temperature. The method of micro-upsetting at elevated temperature with non-uniform temperature distribution (MUNUT) was used. It is shown that applying ultrasonic vibrations on the tool could replace the part of the thermal energy needed for achieving the supercooled liquid state necessary for the microforming of bulk metallic glass. The results of research are limited to the analysis of two micro-specimens only and their final state of deformation. The commercial FEM code was used in the Thermal/Structural analysis class to determine the temperature distribution within the micro-specimen and to justify the linear approximation of this distribution. It was shown that the application of ultrasonic vibrations at 20 kHz frequency and the amplitude PP = 36.5 μm under the experiment conditions lowered the transformation temperature by approx. 32 °C. Results suggesting that applying ultrasonic vibrations could be also used as the tool which would provide additional energy for the transformation at the limited area of the micro-product.

12

Amelioration of Ultrasonic Transducer to Study CuO Doped Thin Films

Barakat M. A. Y.

Archives of Acoustics

|

2018

|

Vol. 43, No. 3

487--495

EN

Ultrasonic pulse echo technique was used to study cupric oxide (CuO) thin films. CuO thin films were prepared using sol gel technique. They were doped with Lithium (Li) (1%, 2% and 4%). Thin films’ thickness (d) and band gap energy (Eg) were measured. In addition, elastic moduli (longitudinal (L), shear (G), bulk (K) and Young’s (E)) and Poisson’s ratio (v) were determined to estimate the microstructure properties of the prepared films. The study ameliorated the used transducers to overcome their dead zone and beam scattering; wedges were developed. The results showed the effectiveness of these wedges. They enhanced transducers’ sensitivity by changing the dead zone, beam diameter, beam directivity and waves’ transmission. Also, the study noted that Li doping caused the improvement of CuO thin films to be more useful in solar cell fabrication. Li-CuO thin films had narrower band gap. Thus, they acquired a high quantum yield for the excited carriers; also they gained more efficiency to absorb solar light.

13

Przegląd urządzeń stosowanych w kondycjonowaniu osadów ściekowych falami ultradźwiękowymi

Skarżyński S.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

|

2017

|

Nr 6

262--264

PL

Osad ściekowy jest jednym z produktów procesów oczyszczania ścieków. Obok produktu oczekiwanego - ścieków oczyszczonych, osady są produktem ubocznym i niepożądanym, a do tego problematycznym. W celu zminimalizowania kosztów ostatecznego unieszkodliwienia, osad poddaje się różnorodnym procesom powodującym jego odwodnienie, a co za tym idzie znaczne zmniejszenie objętości. Jednym z jednostkowych procesów przeróbki osadu ściekowego jest kondycjonowanie. Pośród różnych rodzajów metod kondycjonowania, można odnaleźć kondycjonowanie z zastosowaniem fal ultradźwiękowych. W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano w sposób przeglądowy rodzaje urządzeń służących do nadźwiękawiania osadów ściekowych w procesie kondycjonowania, ich charakterystykę, parametry oraz zalety.

EN

Sewage sludge is one of the sewage treatment processes products. Next to the expected product - purified sewage, sludge is a byproduct, undesirable, and problematic. In order to minimize the costs of final disposal, the sludge is subjected to a variety of processes causing its dehydration, and consequently a significant volume reduction. One of the individual processes of sewage sludge processing is conditioning. Among the various types of conditioning methods, can be found conditioning using ultrasonic waves. In this article, I will present in a review of the types of devices used for sludge sonification in the conditioning process, their characteristics, parameters, and advantages.

14

A new type of high power ultrasonic generator for welding and cutting processes

Kardyś W., Milewski A., Kogut P., Kluk P., Kiełbasiński M.

Hydroacoustics

|

2016

|

Vol. 19

209--218

EN

The paper presents a new type of high power ultrasonic generator for welding and cutting processes developed by the Tele & Radio Research Institute. The new generator can provide up to 5 kW of electrical power to an ultrasonic transducer in the frequency range of 16 kHz up to 60 kHz with regulation step down to 0.1 Hz. The device utilizes an innovative microcontroller with built-in high resolution timing blocks that enable direct synthesis of control signals for the generator's resonant converter, without the need of an external DDS unit or programmable device. This new approach to designing ultrasonic generators can benefit in greater flexibility and reliability of the device. New algorithms with cycle-by-cycle parameter control, and precise regulation of output frequency and power delivery, have been developed. Various parameters of ultrasonic stack, such as impedance and resonant frequency, are measured by the generator in real-time, and can be used for ultrasonic stack wear monitoring and fault detection.

15

Experimental studies and finite element simulation of ultrasonic welding of Cu alloy

Mohan-Raj N., Kumaraswamidhas L. A., Arungalai-Vendan S.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

|

2016

|

Vol. 64, nr 3

535--546

EN

This research study aims to investigate the mechanical and metallographical aspects of ultrasonic welding of Cu-Cu wires. Experimental trials have been conducted and observations have been recorded as a database that collates parametric, quality and strength aspects of various weldments. Destructive testing and metallurgical characterizations have been carried out to examine the strength and integrity of the weldment. The key focus of this research attempt is laid on determining and evaluating the factors that governs the strength of the weldment. Metallurgical characterizations reveal vital information on the weld integrity and the extent of grain distribution. Further, FEM is employed to understand the deformation and thermal aspects involved in Cu-Cu welding using ultrasonics. The numerical model may provide an insight into the thermal phenomenon governing the joining process and subsequently estimation of the impact. Response surface methodology is employed to identify the parametric interdependencies and subsequently determine the optimized range.

16

Interpretacja niezgodności spawalniczych w złączu T-joint z podkładką podczas badań ultradźwiękowych

Górecki M., Jordan M.

Budownictwo i Architektura

|

2016

|

Vol. 15, nr 4

127--137

PL

Jedną z najczęściej stosowanych metod oceny poprawności wykonania złączy spawanych jest nieniszcząca metoda wykorzystująca fale ultradźwiękowe. Praktyka pokazuje, że pomimo wymagań stawianych personelowi wykonującemu badania, w wielu przypadkach niezgodności w spoinach czołowych w połączeniach typu T-joint z podkładką stalową są błędnie interpretowane, a w konsekwencji prowadzą do zbędnej i kosztownej naprawy złączy. W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki badań przeprowadzonych na próbkach kontrolnych, w których w rzeczywistości nie występują niezgodności spawalnicze, ale powstające wskazania na ekranie defektoskopu mogą świadczyć o występowaniu niezgodności w postaci wady pozornej.

EN

One of the most common methods for assessing the welded joints is a nondestructive method using ultrasonic waves. Despite the requirements posed to personnel engaged in research, practice shows that in many cases the incompatibilities in the butt welds in T-joint connections with backing strip are misinterpreted and consequently carry out to unnecessary and costly joints repair. The paper presents the results of tests carried out on samples without incompatibilities, for which the indications of defectoscope suggest the occurrence of apparent defect.

17

Analiza możliwości zastosowania ultradźwiękowej termografii w podczerwieni w badaniach nieniszczących wielowarstwowych kompozytów aramidowych

Świderski W., Pracht M., Vavilov V.

Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia

|

2015

|

R. 44, z. 134

7--21

PL

W artykule przedstawiono opis matematyczny algorytmu wymuszenia cieplnego generowanego źródłem ultradźwiękowym, zastosowanego w nieniszczących badaniach metodą aktywnej termografii w podczerwieni. Algorytm został użyty w numerycznym modelowaniu przepływu ciepła w opracowanym programie ThermoSon przeznaczonym do rozwiązywania zagadnień badań termicznych. Przeprowadzono symulacje numeryczne wykrywania defektów w wielowarstwowym kompozycie aramidowym, stosując ultradźwiękowe źródło wymuszenia cieplnego oraz wstępnie oceniono możliwości tej metody.

EN

The paper includes a mathematical algorithm describing a heat extortion process generated by an ultrasonic source used in non-destructive testing method of active infrared thermography. This algorithm has been used at numerical modelling of heat propagation in developed ThermoSon program designed to solve problems of thermal testing. There are carried out numerical simulations for detection of defects in multi-layer aramide composite that was heated by an ultrasonic source and a preliminary evaluation of this method usability.

18

Ultrasonic IR thermographic inspection of graphite epoxy composite: a comparative study of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive stimulation

Swiderski W., Vavilov V.

Opto-Electronics Review

|

2015

|

Vol. 23, No. 1

33-36

EN

In this paper the experimental results of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive ultrasonic stimulation are comparatively analyzed in the evaluation of impact damage in a graphite epoxy composite sample chosen for a round robin test. By comparing theoretical and experimental results, it is shown that the equivalent power of internal friction can reach some hundreds mill watt per a single crack.

19

Ultrasonic cleaning of plant roots in their preparation for analysis on heavy metals

Cuske M., Karczewska A., Gałka B.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

|

2014

|

nr 155 (35)

25--32

EN

The paper focuses on ultrasonic method used for cleaning of root material collected from a pot experiment. In the experiment, red fescue was grown on differently contaminated soils amended with organic additions. Determined were total concentrations of Cu and Zn in root material pre-pared for analysis by hand washing and the use of ultrasonic bath. The results indicate significant differences between the two methods.

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki zastosowania metody ultradźwiękowego czyszczenia materiału korzeniowego pobranego z doświadczenia wazonowego. W doświadczeniu wykorzystano różnie zanieczyszczone gleby z dodatkami organicznymi a następnie wysiano kostrzewę czerwoną. Oznaczono całkowite zawartości Cu i Zn w wybranych próbkach korzeni kostrzewy po ich oczyszczaniu ręcznym oraz po zastosowaniu oczyszczania metodą ultradźwiękową. Wyniki wskazują na znaczne różnice pomiędzy zastosowanymi metodami.

20

Przeróbka osadów biologicznych w polu ultradźwięków

Fryźlewicz-Kozak B.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2014

|

T. 93, nr 8

1475-1476

PL

Energię ultradźwięków można zastosować do wstępnej obróbki osadów w celu dezintegracji kłaczków osadu ściekowego i rozerwania ścian komórek bakterii, co powoduje uwalnianie substancji rozpuszczalnych. W wyniku tego wzrasta chemiczne zapotrzebowanie na tlen w fazie ciekłej oraz uzyskuje się zmniejszenie ilości suchej masy osadu. Badano zmiany tych parametrów wraz ze wzrostem energii właściwej.

EN

Activated sludge was treated with ultrasonic waves (22 kHz, 24–64 kW/m², 12 GJ/kg dry mass, 75–201 kW/m³) for 300 s under lab. conditions. A substantial increase in chem. O₂ demand in the supernatant and decrease in content of total solids were found. A considerably increase in the sludge temp. was also obsd. The results agreed with the data given by V. Naddeo et al. (2009).