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Human resources knowledge disclosure by leading banks: cases from KSA

Pandya Bharti, Rao Priya

Polish Journal of Management Studies

2021

Vol. 23, No. 2

353--368

In the sustainability of the banking industry, Human resources (HR) plays a vital role, and reporting the value of employees is key to sharing the health of the bank. A plethora of HR information is disclosed by the banks of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) through annual reports. However, the extent of disclosure by KSA banks remained under-studied. An exploratory multiple case-study methodology was applied to understand the extent to which HR knowledge is disclosed by the KSA banks. The annual reports (2015-19) of the top five leading banks were reviewed using a purposive sampling approach and were thematically analysed. Through signalling theory, it is found that the KSA banks voluntarily provide favourable signals to their stakeholders by disclosing best practices on talent acquisition and development, compensation-benefit, performance management, employee retention-turnover, employee engagement-well-being and HR achievements. These disclosures are not influenced by the number of employees or sales turnover, or capital.

W zrównoważonym rozwoju sektora bankowego Zasoby ludzkie (HR) odgrywają kluczową rolę, a raportowanie wartości pracowników jest kluczem do dzielenia się zdrowiem banku. Mnóstwo informacji kadrowych jest ujawnianych przez banki Królestwa Arabii Saudyjskiej (KSA) w rocznych raportach. Jednak zakres ujawnień przez banki KSA pozostawał niedostatecznie zbadany. Zastosowano eksploracyjną metodologię wielu studiów przypadku, aby zrozumieć, w jakim stopniu wiedza HR jest ujawniana przez banki KSA. Sprawozdania roczne (2015-19) pięciu czołowych banków zostały poddane przeglądowi metodą celowego doboru próby i przeanalizowane tematycznie. Poprzez teorię sygnalizacji okazuje się, że banki KSA dobrowolnie przekazują korzystne sygnały swoim interesariuszom, ujawniając najlepsze praktyki w zakresie pozyskiwania i rozwoju talentów, wynagradzania świadczeń, zarządzania wydajnością, rotacji pracowników, zaangażowania pracowników, dobrego samopoczucia i osiągnięć HR. Na ujawnienia te nie ma wpływu liczba pracowników, obroty ze sprzedaży ani kapitał.

Metody wykorzystywane do wizualizacji śladów linii papilarnych

Kołek-Kaczanowska E. K., Kreczko J., Maćkiewicz Z.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2014

[Z] 68, 3-4

279--315

Dactyloscopy as one of the branches of forensic science deals with fingerprints identification of the individual human being. Fingerprints are in general invisible, therefore in order to set about the identification, we have to make them evident. To reveal hidden fingerprints, criminological technology uses physical methods, chemical reactions and even some biological processes. In this review, we present a set of methods that is being used in criminology to reveal fingerprints and other hidden traces. In search for potential fingerprints, objects are exposed to natural and artificial light sources since visual methods are most commonly used by criminology technicians. Further methods for revealing fingerprints are selected on the basis of type of surface, the trace was left on, and the substance forming the fingerprint. In his article we present the set of methods, commonly used to reveal fingerprints, featuring physical, chemical and physicochemical approaches [6]. Chemical methods: DFO, 1,2-IND and Ninhydin used for revealing fingerprints on absorptive surfaces, Amido Black, Hungarian Red, DAB and LCV used for detecting bloody fingerprints, DMAC used for revealing fingerprints on temperature-felt papers, RTX dioxide of ruthenium used to absorptive and nonabsorptive surfaces [9, 11, 14, 19, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30]. Next, we present physical methods among others optical methods which are helpful in revealing fingerprints for the naked eye and (if needed) enlarging optical devices. To achieve acceptable visibility, criminologists use various kinds of lamps and filters. Subsequently we present methods based on adhesion, that are based on adjoining the powder or suspension to sudoral-fatty substance. We present here methods based on the use of dactyloscopic powders, crystal violet which is appearing in the form of dark-green powder , SPR (Small Particle Reagent) – suspension of black MoS2 powder, Sticky-side Powder which composition is accessing iron oxide and aluminum, Wet Powder Black, composed of iron oxide and Wet Powder White (titanium dioxide). Tape-Glo (ready-made red-orange solution), Sudan Black B (in the solid state it is a powder of the black colour), Liquid-drox (yellow solution), fluorescent dyes: Ardrox P133D, Safranin O, chelate of europium and Basic Yellow 40 [31, 34–38]. The other methods are physicochemical methods: cyanoacrylate, iodine, physical developer and multi metal deposition [42, 45, 46]. As a result of technological development newer methods of visualizing latent fingerprints appear, replacing those previously used. Improvement of the methods of revealing latent fingerprints leads to better readability and in effect, makes police work easier.