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1
Content available remote Badania deformacji geosiatki poliestrowej wykorzystywanej w inżynierii lądowej
Górszczyk Jarosław, Malicki Konrad
Materiały Budowlane
|
2024
|
nr 3
32--35
PL
Geosyntetyki to materiały powszechnie stosowane w inżynierii lądowej. W artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie bezkontaktowej metody pomiaru deformacji (digital image correlation method – DIC) w badaniach laboratoryjnych geosiatki ortogonalnej. W badaniach zrealizowanych metodą rozciągania wyznaczono rozkład przemieszczeń i odkształceń dla całych powierzchni badanych próbek. Ponadto określono wartości i wektory własne tensora odkształcenia. Zaobserwowano występowanie lokalnej koncentracji dużych wartości odkształceń głównych na powierzchniach badanych próbek. Potwierdzono skuteczność zastosowania metody cyfrowej korelacji obrazu (DIC) w przeprowadzonych analizach deformacji.
EN
Geosynthetics are one of the materials widely used in civil engineering. The article presents the use of a non-contact deformation measurement method (digital image correlation method - DIC) in laboratory test of an orthogonal geogrid. In tests carried out using the tensile method, the distributions of displacements and strains were determined for the entire surface of the tested samples. Moreover, the principal values and principal directions of the strain tensor were determined. The occurrence of local principal strain accumulations on the surface of tested samples was observed. The effectiveness of the use of the digital image correlation (DIC) method in deformation analysis was confirmed.
2
Content available Assessment of the Conveyor Belt Strength Decrease due to the Long Term Exploitation in Harmful Conditions
Kurpanik Kamil, Sławski Sebastian, Machoczek Tomasz, Woźniak Anna, Duda Sławomir, Kciuk Sławomir
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
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2024
|
Vol. 18, no 4
1--11
EN
Bucket conveyors are widely used in various industrial sectors due to their efficiency in material transport. However, like any machinery, they are susceptible to degradation during operation, leading to a decrease in performance and an increase in the risk of failure. Therefore, research was conducted to understand the impact of operation on bucket conveyor belts. In the study, samples were prepared from different locations and sections of the belt to investigate potential differences in material properties and strength. A series of mechanical tests, including a static tensile test, were conducted to assess the material strength. The results of the research revealed differences in mechanical properties among samples from different locations and belt sections. Furthermore, potential damages that may occur with incorrect handling were unveiled. These findings are crucial for industrial practices, providing a better understanding of factors influencing the durability and efficiency of bucket conveyor belts.
3
Content available An experimental and numerical evaluation of the mechanical properties of 3D prints made by Fused Filament Fabrication
Lacki Piotr, Derlatka Anna, Kwapisz Marcin, Idziak-Jabłońska Aneta
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Budownictwo
|
2023
|
Z. 29 (179)
79--84
EN
The paper presents the results of experimental research as well as numerical calculations of 3D printouts made using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) made of PLA filament. The aim of the work was to determine the mechanical properties of the printouts. It was observed that the modulus of elasticity of the printouts does not depend on the geometry of the samples nor the direction of the printouts. Conversely, the tensile strength and strains of the prints do depend on the geometry and the direction of the prints in relation to the direction of loading.
PL
Przedstawiono zarówno wyniki badań, jak i obliczenia numeryczne wydruków 3D wykonanych z wykorzystaniem metody druku przyrostowego (FFF) wykonanych z filamentu PLA. Celem pracy było określenie własności mechanicznych. Zaobserwowano, że moduł Younga wydruków nie zależy od geometrii próbek ani od kierunku wydruków, natomiast wytrzymałość na rozciąganie i odkształcenia wydruków zależą od geometrii oraz od kierunku wydruków w stosunku do kierunku obciążania.
4
Content available Supported by 2D and 3D Imaging Methods Investigation of the Influence of Fiber Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of the Composites Reinforced with Fibers in a Polymer Matrix
Saraczyn Robert, Deroszewska Martyna, Kowaluk Tomasz, Skołek Emilia, Rządkowski Witold, Myszka Dawid
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
|
2023
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Vol. 17, no 3
170--183
EN
The aim of this study was to examine the behavior of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites depending on the fiber orientation and to understand the influence of microstructural discontinuities on mechanical properties. For the tests 210 gsm prepreg composite and 200 gsm carbon fabric with polymer matrix have been used. Samples were structured and later examined according to the ASTM-D3039 and ASTM-D3878 (equivalents are ISO 20975, ISO 527-4 and ISO 527-5). Accordingly, to the number of layers, three ways of the fibers arranging in relation to the applied force were used. Mechanical properties were determined in a static tensile test. The results of imaging studies, which included analyzes of Digital Image Correlation, Computed Tomography and Scanning Electron Microscopy, showed structural discontinuities, specific stress distribution and propagation of stresses depending on the production technology, which were correlated with the obtained strength results. The source of the gradual development of the degradation of the composite structure was observed in local microdamages and microcracks. As a result of a sub-critical crack growth within the resin matrix material, the defects are subject to a complex, multi-axial stress field on the micro-scale, even if the globally applied force is axial. Samples in which the load was applied along the axis of the fibers behave like an elastic material, while samples, where the force is applied at an angle to the axis of the fibers, tend to behave like an elastic-plastic material.
5
Content available Determination of Critical Damage Function Values of CW008A Copper and S355 Steel in Tensile and Torsion Tests
Walczuk-Gągała Patrycja, Pater Zbigniew, Wójcik Łukasz, Lis Konrad
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
|
2023
|
Vol. 17, no 2
173--180
EN
The article describes the problem of material fracture in metal forming processes. It describes and compares the values of damage functions obtained in classical tensile and torsion tests of two materials, i.e. CW008A copper and S355 steel under cold forming conditions. The presented research methodology includes experimental tests and numerical simulation carried out using Simufact.Forming v.15 software. The damage values were analysed according to various criteria, including the growth and coalescence of micro cracks (Rice&Tracey, Oyane, Argon), the initiation and development of ductile cracking in forming processes (Freudenthal, Cockroft-Latham, Brozzo, Oh) and using extended phenomenological models based on the history of stress triaxiality (Ayada) or the mean and equivalent stress (Zhan). The conducted tests showed that the values of the damage function depend on: the calibration test, the material grade and the geometry of the specimen.
6
Content available Experimental and numerical study of the effect of the presence of a geometric discontinuity of variable shape on the tensile strength of an epoxy polymer
Saada Khalissa, Amroune Salah, Zaoui Moussa, Houari Amin, Madani Kouider, Hachaichi Amina
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
|
2023
|
Vol. 17, no. 2
192--199
EN
The presence of geometric discontinuity in a material reduces considerably its resistance to mechanical stresses, therefore reducing the service life of materials. The analysis of structural behaviour in the presence of geometric discontinuities is important to ensure the proper use, especially if it is regarding a material of weak mechanical properties such as a polymer. The objective of the present work is to analyse the effect of the notch presence of variable geometric shapes on the tensile strength of epoxy-type polymer specimens. A series of tensile tests were carried out on standardised specimens, taking into account the presence or absence of a notch. Each series of tests contains five specimens. Two notch shapes were considered: circular (hole) and elliptical. The experimental results in terms of stress–strain clearly show that the presence of notches reduces considerably the resistance of the material, where the maximum stress for the undamaged specimen was 41.22 MPa and the lowest stress for the elliptical-notched specimen was 11.21 MPa. A numerical analysis by the extended finite element method (XFEM) was undertaken on the same geometric models; in addition, the results in stress–strain form were validated with the experimental results. A remarkable improvement was obtained (generally an error within 0.06%) for strain, maximum stress, Young’s modulus and elongation values. An exponential decrease was noted in the stress, strain, and Young’s modulus in the presence of a notch in the material.
7
Content available An innovative approach to fabrication with photo-cured resins by shell-printed-core-casting
Szymczyk Emil, Rećko Maciej, Dzierżek Kazimierz, Sapiołko Karol
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
|
2023
|
Vol. 17, no. 4
485--489
EN
Modified LCD-based method was used to print three-dimensional (3D) elements. This innovative method combines printing the external shell and filling, thus obtaining mould by casting resin. In order to compare the properties of prints obtained with this method with the ones fabricated in a standard procedure, we conducted bending tests of vertically/horizontally printed and shell-printed cast specimens. The shell-cast samples showed higher flexural strength and larger values of apparent Young’s modulus. The presented results also concern the kinetics of curing samples obtained with different fabrication routes.
8
Content available Thermal Phenomena Related to Plastic Deformation During Tensile Testing and Their Microscopic Interpretation
Ostromęcka Małgorzata, Siwiec Jakub
Problemy Kolejnictwa
|
2022
|
Z. 195
121--128
EN
Thermal phenomena related to plastic deformation can be commonly observed. By simply touching a ruptured or bent sample, it is clear that the temperature has risen at the deformation site. Such observations can be carried out for qualitative or quantitative assessment. This paper serves to qualitatively relate the changes in the structure of the deformed material to the temperature increase observed with an infrared camera.
9
Content available Analiza relaksacji w niskiej temperaturze asfaltów drogowych modyfikowanych asfaltami naturalnymi
Bilski Marcin, Słowik Mieczysław
Drogownictwo
|
2022
|
nr 5
141--145
PL
W pracy przedstawiono rezultaty badań lepiszczy asfaltowych modyfikowanych dodatkiem asfaltów naturalnych Gilsonite i Trinidad Epuré oraz asfaltów drogowych 20/30, 35/50 i 50/70 przy zastosowaniu autorskiej metody obserwacji zjawiska relaksacji w niskiej temperaturze (–16°C) z wykorzystaniem duktylometru. Zjawisko relaksacji lepiszcza asfaltowego obserwowano przez 20 minut w warunkach stałego odkształcenia próbki asfaltowej wywołanego uprzednim jej rozciągnięciem ze stałą prędkością równą 1 mm/min. Zaobserwowano, że asfalty o większych wartościach penetracji charakteryzują się większą zdolnością do relaksacji (zmniejszenia naprężeń rozciągających) w niskiej temperaturze.
EN
The paper presents the results of research on asphalt binders modified with the addition of Gilsonite and Trinidad Epuré natural asphalts and 20/30, 35/50 and 50/70 penetration grade road bitumens using original method of observing the phenomenon of relaxation at low temperature (–16°C) with the use of a ducilometer. The asphalt binder relaxation phenomenon was observed for 20 minutes in the conditions of constant strain of the asphalt binder sample caused by its previous stretching with a constant speed equal to 1 mm/min. It was observed that binders characterized by higher values of penetration have a greater ability to relaxation (reducing tensile stress) at low temperatures.
10
Content available A comparison of elasto-plastic parameters of S355 steel obtained in tensile tests using an extensometer, a strain gauge and an ARAMIS 3D DIC system
Chybiński Marcin, Dębiński Janusz, Glema Adam, Grzymisławska Justyna, Jezierski Dariusz, Polus Łukasz, Szymkuć Wojciech
Archives of Civil Engineering
|
2022
|
Vol. 68, nr 4
199--217
EN
The paper presents a comparison of three strain measurement methods. The mechanical parameters of S355 grade steel (yield strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity) were determined in tensile tests. Strains were measured using high resolution measuring instruments: an extensometer, a strain gauge and an ARAMIS 3D DIC system. In this paper, these three instruments have been used simultaneously in tensile tests for the first time. The results indicate that the values of the Young’s modulus obtained using different techniques were similar when each instrument measured strain on the same side of the sample. Small differences were connected with different gauge lengths and their locations. The values of the Young’s modulus determined on the opposite sides of the samples were more varied even when the same method was used (strain gauge measurements). For this reason, it is recommended to use double-sided averaging instruments when the Young’s modulus is determined. The strain-curves obtained from the strain gauge measurements were incomplete and they came to an end at the end of the yield plateau due to the fact that they were damaged when the values of strain were relatively high. The extensometer was used up to the point where the strain reached 0.3% and then the strain was measured based on the distance between the machine clamps. The stress-strain curves obtained from the DIC system were complete because the system was able to monitor the sample until the very end of the tests.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono porównanie trzech metod pomiarowych odkształceń. Autorzy wyznaczyli parametry mechaniczne stali S355 (granicę plastyczności, wytrzymałość na rozciąganie, moduł elastyczności) w próbie rozciągania. Odkształcenie zostało wyznaczone przy użyciu przyrządów pomiarowych o wysokiej rozdzielczości: ekstensometru, tensometru oraz systemu cyfrowej korelacji obrazu ARAMIS 3D. Po raz pierwszy w próbie rozciągania wykorzystano wszystkie urządzenia pomiarowe jednocześnie. Wartości modułu Younga wyznaczone za pomocą różnych metod były zbliżone, gdy urządzenie mierzyły odkształcenie po tej samej stronie próbki. Niewielkie różnice wynikały z różnych długości pomiarowych oraz z faktu, że przyrządy nie mierzyły odkształcenia dokładnie na tej samej bazie pomiarowej. Wartości moduły Younga wyznaczone dla przeciwnych stron próbki różniły się bardziej nawet, gdy zastosowano tą samą metodę pomiarową (pomiar odkształceń za pomocą tensometrów). W związku z tym w celu wyznaczenia prawidłowej wartości modułu elastyczności zaleca się stosowanie dwóch urządzeń rozmieszonych na przeciwnych stronach próbki oraz obliczanie modułu sprężystości na podstawie średniej wartości odkształcenia. Krzywe naprężenie-odkształcenie otrzymane z pomiarów tensometrycznych były niekompletne i kończyły się zaraz po półce plastycznej, ponieważ tensometry ulegały uszkodzeniu przy większych wartościach odkształceń. Ekstensometr był wykorzystywany do momentu, w którym odkształcenia osiągnęły wartość 0,3%. Od tej wartości odkształcenia były wyznaczane na podstawie odległości między szczękami maszyny. Krzywe naprężenie-odkształcenie otrzymane na podstawie cyfrowej korelacji obrazu były kompletne, ponieważ system mógł obserwować próbkę przez całe badanie. Z tego względu, metoda cyfrowej korelacji obrazu jest skutecznym narzędziem, które może być wykorzystane do wyznaczania parametrów mechanicznych stali.
11
Content available remote Young’s modulus of a carbon-reinforced composite at an elevated temperature
Szczepaniak Robert, Przybyłek Paweł, Komorek Andrzej, Sapiński Przemysław, Rowicki Artur, Tkaczuk Sławomir, Rypulak Andrzej, Stabryn Sebastian
Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu
|
2021
|
nr 4
29--33
PL
Konstrukcje lotnicze są eksploatowane w zmiennych warunkach środowiskowych wpływających na właściwości kompozytów polimerowych, z jakich często wykonywane są elementy samolotów i śmigłowców. Jednym z takich czynników jest temperatura użytkowania, zmieniająca się podczas lotu w bardzo szerokim zakresie. W artykule zaprezentowano wpływ temperatury eksploatacji na właściwości kompozytu wyznaczane podczas próby rozciągania. Dodatkowo kompozyty przeznaczone do badań wygrzewano w trakcie przygotowania w różnych temperaturach (zgodnie z zaleceniami producenta żywicy będącej osnową). Kompozyty składały się z 7 warstw tkaniny węglowej przesyconych żywicą epoksydową L285 z utwardzaczem. W wyniku badań zauważono, że zmiana temperatury eksploatacji wywiera istotny wpływ na właściwości wytrzymałościowe kompozytu bez względu na temperaturę wygrzewania. Materiały wygrzewane w wyższych temperaturach cechowała większa wartość współczynnika sprężystości wzdłużnej i wytrzymałości na rozciąganie.
EN
Aviation structures are operated under varying environmental conditions, affecting the properties of polymer composites, which are often used to manufacture components for airplanes and helicopters. One of such factors is an operating temperature that changes during a flight in a very wide range. This paper presents the influence of an operating temperature upon composite properties determined during a tensile test. In addition, composites which are intended for the research were post cured during their preparation at different temperatures (in accordance with the recommendations of the resin manufacturer which constitutes a matrix base). The composites consisted of 7 layers of carbon fabric, and matrix of L285 epoxy resin, with a hardener. As a result of the testing it was noted that a change in the operating temperature exerts a significant effect on composite strength properties regardless of the post curing temperature. The materials post cured at higher temperatures were characterized by a greater value of the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength.
12
Content available remote Distribution of microhardness in polypropylene/talc microcomposite
Bechikhi Youcef, Bouiadjra Bachir Bachir, Bouziane Mohamed Mokhtar, Bouiadjra Bel Abbes Bachir, Benbarek Smail
Composites Theory and Practice
|
2021
|
R. 21, nr 4
141--148
EN
In this study the distribution of microhardness in a polypropylene microcomposite reinforced with talc microparticles was measured experimentally. The microhardness was measured at different points of the composite material to try to observe the effects of the talc particles and their proportion in the composite on the hardness of the reinforced polymer. Four proportions of talc were used: 5,40 and 50 wt.%, in addition to virgin polypropylene, which was taken as the reference. Statistical analysis was performed on the distribution of the microhardness in the PP+talc composites to determine the average microhardness and the standard deviation. The obtained results reveal a random distribution of the microhardness of the composite, but in general the presence of talc particles increases the microhardness of the polypropylene.
13
Content available Warm Tensile Deformation Behavior and Constitutive Equation of Supersaturated Solid-Solutionized Al-9Mg Extruded Alloy
Yang Seung Y., Kim Bong H., Lee Da B., Choi Kweon H., Kim Nam S., Ha Seong H., Yoon Young O., Lim Hyun K., Kim Shae, Kim Young J.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2021
|
Vol. 66, iss. 4
1013--1018
EN
In this paper, as a purpose to apply the supersaturated solid-solutionized Al-9Mg alloy to the structural sheet parts of automotive, tensile tests were conducted under the various conditions and a constitutive equation was derived from the tensile test results. Al-9Mg alloy was produced using a special Mg master alloy containing Al2Ca during the casting process and extruded into the sheet. In order to study the deformation behavior of Al-9Mg alloy in warm temperature forming environments, tensile tests were conducted under the temperature of 373 K-573 K and the strain rate of 0.001/s~0.1/s. in addition, by using the raw data obtained from tensile tests, a constitutive equation of the Al-9Mg alloy was derived for predicting the optimized condition of the hot stamping process. Al-9Mg alloy showed uncommon deformation behavior at the 373 K and 473 K temperature conditions. The calculated curves from the constitutive equation well-matched with the measured curves from the experiments particularly under the low temperature and high strain rate conditions.
14
Content available Comparative Study on Mechanical Performances of Circular and Flat Geometry Welds in Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium Alloy
Senthil S. M., Ragu Nathan Seerangan, Parameshwaran Rathinasamy, Bhuvanesh Kumar M.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2021
|
Vol. 66, iss. 3
881--886
EN
This study is to find the extent of variation in mechanical properties between plate and pipe welds fabricated out of the same FSW process parameters. Common thickness of 3 mm along with similar tool specifications is used to fabricate the weld. Process parameters of tool rotational speed 2000 rpm and weld speed 94 mm/min that was defined as optimal for pipe weld is used as common process parameters. Welds are analyzed for hardness and tensile properties. Yield strength and ultimate tensile strength varied about 8.1% and 11.2% respectively between plate and pipe welds. The hardness of the stir zones varied about 11.6% between plate and pipe welds.
15
Content available A new method for measurement the residual stresses in friction stir welding
Jweeg M.J., Hamdan Z.Kh., Majeed A.H., Resan K.K., Al-Waily M.
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
|
2021
|
Vol. 112, nr 2
63--69
EN
Purpose: The residual stresses in different welding methods are fundemental problems to consider. Friction stir welding is one of a solid state joining process, it is economical in that it permits joining together different materials, the specimens in this method (FSW) have excellent properties of mechanical as proven by tensile, flextural and fatigue tests, also it is environmentally friendly process minimizes consumption of energy and generate no gasses or smoke. In friction stir welding , there are two kinds of generated residual stresses: tensile stress and compressive stress. So, this study measuring the residual stresses by using a new method for measuring residual stresses depends on tensile testing and stress concentration factor, this method is a simple, fast and low cost, also it is not need special device. Design/methodology/approach: In previous studies, several techniques were used to predict the value of residual stress and its location, such as destructive, semi-destructive, and non-destructive methods. In this study, a simple, new, and inexpensive way was used based on the tensile test and stress concentration of the friction stir welding (FSW). Findings: By comparing the results obtained with the previous studies using the X-ray method, with the current research, it was found that the results are good in detecting the location and value of the residual stress of friction stir welding. The value of discrepancy of the residual stress in the results between those obtained by the previous method and the current method was about 3 MPa. Research limitations/implications: There are many rotational and linear feeding speeds used in this type of welding. This research used two plates from 6061 AA with 3mm thickness, 100 mm width, and 200 mm length. The rotational speed used in friction stir welding was 1400 rpm, and the feeding speed was 40 mm/min. Practical implications: The residual stress obtained with the new method is 6.2 MPa, and this result approximates other known methods such as the X-ray method in previus studies. Originality/value: Using a new simple method for measuring residual stresses of friction stir welding depends on stress concentration factor and tensile testing. This method is fast and low cost , also it is not need specialized device, compared to other methods such as x-ray or hole drilling methods.
16
Content available Preliminary Investigations of Structure and Properties of TIG Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Dewangan Saurabh, Ranjan Raushan, Chattopadhyaya Somnath, Gope Deepak, Bogdan-Chudy Marta
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
|
2021
|
Vol. 15, no 1
156--165
EN
The titanium (Ti) and its alloys are taken into interest for commercial purpose due to its low density, high yield strength and high corrosion resistance properties. The present work deals with microstructural observation and mechanical property analysis of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy joints. For the purpose, two different set of plates were welded at same current and voltage, i.e., 190 A and 24 V, by the TIG welding technique. A critical analysis of the microstructure and mechanical properties like tensile strength and hardness of the welded Ti-6Al-4V plates was carried out in this work. It was found that both plates showed different behavior during the tension test. Plate 1 had 464.54 MPa of tensile stress and it broke at the welded joint. Plate 2 was unaffected at the welded zone but was broken at the base metal zone. The second plate had tensile strength of 501.83 MPa. According to the hardness test, both the welded plates possessed the highest hardness at the welded zone. However, plate 2 showed approximately 10% higher hardness than that of plate 2. A proper inter-relationship was observed between the mechanical behavior and microstructural appearance. The microscopic view of the welded joints revealed the presence of α, β and martensitic-α phases.
17
Content available Joining the High-Strength Steel Sheets Used in Car Body Production
Kaščák Ľuboš, Cmorej Denis, Spišák Emil, Slota Ján
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
|
2021
|
Vol. 15, no 1
184--196
EN
Nowadays, there are several important reasons for using high-strength sheets in the manufacturing of car bodies. Car manufacturers choose the steel with good formability, fatigue resistance and ability to absorb impact energy. Microalloyed steels and dual-phase steels are the materials which fulfil the above-mentioned criteria. The application of high-strength sheets has led to the development of new materials joining techniques. Mechanical joining, such as clinching, is the innovative technique to join these progressive materials. Materials of different thicknesses can be joined by clinching. The paper focuses on the comparison of the properties of the joints made by clinching and resistance spot welding. The application of resistance spot welding is still the most used joining method in car body production. These properties were investigated by tensile test and metallographic observation. The HCT600X+ZF, HCT600X+Z and HX420LAD+Z steel sheets were used for the experiments. The results of tensile test show that the values of load-bearing capacity of clinched joints reached from 3900 N to 5900 N and the resistance spot welded joints reached the values of load-bearing capacity from 12000 N to 19500 N. In comparison to the resistance spot welded joints, the clinched joints reached from 32 to 48% of load-bearing capacity.
18
Content available Influence of printing direction on 3D printed ABS specimens
Markiz Nassim, Horváth Eszter, Ficzere Péter
Production Engineering Archives
|
2020
|
Vol. 26, Iss. 3
127--130
EN
In the recent years, additive manufacturing became an interesting topic in many fields due to the ease of manufacturing complex objects. However, it is impossible to determine the mechanical properties of any additive manufacturing parts without testing them. In this work, the mechanical properties with focus on ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of 3D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) specimens were investigated. The tensile tests were carried using Zwick Z005 loading machine with a capacity of 5KN according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638 standard test methods for tensile properties of plastics. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of printing direction on the mechanical properties of the printed specimens. Thus, for each printing direction ( and ), five specimens were printed. Tensile testing of the 3D printed ABS specimens showed that the printing direction made the strongest specimen at an ultimate tensile strength of 22 MPa while at printing direction it showed 12 MPa. No influence on the modulus of elasticity was noticed. The experimental results are presented in the manuscript.
19
Content available Influence of Crimp and Inter-Yarn Friction on the Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabric under Uniaxial/Biaxial Tensile Loading
Huang Canyi, Cui Lina, Xia Hong, Qiu Yiping, Ni Qing-Qing
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
|
2020
|
Vol. 28, no. 6 (144)
43--52
EN
In the present research, a physical-geometric-feature of continuous yarn in a plain woven fabric was created and its FE model was analysed by considering the two key issues of woven fabric, the crimp and inter-yarn friction. The basic parameters of Young’s modulus of single yarn and the inter-yarn friction coefficient were investigated for practical fabrics in tensile and pull-out tests. FE analysis indicated that the stress-strain curves of the FE model were effective in evaluating the equivalent modulus of a woven fabric by comparing with a tensile experiment on Twaron CT® Plain Woven Fabric. In addition, a simplified three dimensional model of the unit cell of plain woven fabric (UCPW) was employed to quantitively investigate two important fabric characteristics – the crimp rate of the yarn and inter-yarn friction-to determine their influence on the mechanical properties of the fabrics. Furthermore, we used FE analysis to evaluate how the crimp rate and inter-yarn friction affected the mechanical properties by determining the equivalent modulus of single yarn and UCPW in both uniaxial and biaxial tensile loading. The stresses at representative nodal points and the mechanical interaction between yarns were also investigated from a microscopic perspective, and their deformation mechanisms were also analysed and discussed.
PL
W pracy stworzono fizyczno-geometryczną cechę przędzy ciągłej w gładkiej tkaninie i przeanalizowano jej model FE, biorąc pod uwagę dwa kluczowe zagadnienia tkaniny: karbikowatość i tarcie między przędzami. Zbadano podstawowe parametry: moduł Younga przędzy pojedynczej oraz współczynnik tarcia między przędzami. Analiza FE wykazała, że krzywe naprężenie-odkształcenie modelu FE były przydatne w ocenie tkaniny przez porównanie z eksperymentem rozciągania tkaniny Twaron CT® Plain Woven. Ponadto zastosowano uproszczony trójwymiarowy model komórki elementarnej z gładkiej tkaniny (UCPW) do ilościowego zbadania dwóch ważnych cech tkaniny: szybkości fałdowania przędzy i tarcia między przędzami – w celu określenia ich wpływu na właściwości mechaniczne tkaniny. Ponadto wykorzystano analizę FE, aby ocenić, w jaki sposób szybkość fałdowania i tarcie między przędzami wpłynęły na właściwości mechaniczne. Dokonano tego poprzez określenie równoważnego modułu pojedynczej przędzy i UCPW zarówno przy jednoosiowym, jak i dwuosiowym obciążeniu rozciągającym. Naprężenia w reprezentatywnych punktach węzłowych i mechaniczne interakcje między przędzami zbadano również z perspektywy mikroskopowej, a także przeanalizowano i omówiono ich mechanizmy deformacji.
20
Content available Microstructural And Mechanical Properties Of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 718 For Different Specimen Sizes
Madejski Bartosz, Malicki Maciej, Czarnewicz Sławomir, Gruber Konrad
Fatigue of Aircraft Structures
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2020
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Iss. 12
15--26
EN
Selective laser melting (SLM) falls into the category of additive manufacturing technologies that are being increasingly used in the aerospace industry. This study presents the results of the examination of the microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Inconel 718. The tests were carried out for samples of different geometry (thickness, shape). The investigation showed the effect of the specimen’s size and the printing direction on the microstructure and mechanical properties. In the microstructural investigation, light and scanning electron microscopes were used. The microstructure investigation included measurements of the grain size and the carbides’ content. In order to estimate porosity computer tomography was used. Tensile tests were carried out at room temperature. The results showed differences in mechanical and microstructural properties of different size specimens.
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