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1

Development of methods for predicting hydrate formation in gas storage facilities and measures for their prevention and elimination

Volovetskyi V. B., Doroshenko Ya. V., Matkivskyi S. V., Raiter P. M., Shchyrba O. M., Stetsiuk S. M., Protsiuk H. Ya.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 117, nr 1

25--41

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to study the processes of hydrate formation during the operation of wells and underground gas storage facilities. Development of a set of measures aimed at the prediction and timely prevention of hydrate formation in wells and technological equipment of gas storage facilities under different geological and technological conditions. Design/methodology/approach: The prediction of hydrate formation processes was carried out using a neural network that is a software product with weight factors calculated in MATLAB environment and the ability to adapt parameters of the network specified to updated and supplemented input data during its operation. So, within the MATLAB software environment, a software module of a two-layer artificial neural network with a random set of weight factors is created at the first stage. In the second stage, the neural network is trained using experimental field input/output data set, output data. In the third stage, an artificial neural network is used as a means of predicting hydrate formation with the ability to refine weight factors during its operation subject to obtaining additional updated data, as an input set, for modifying the coefficients and, accordingly, improving the algorithm for predicting of an artificial neural network. In the absence of new data for the additional training of an artificial neural network, it is used as a computing tool that, on the basis of input data about the current above-mentioned selected technological parameters of fluid in the pipeline, ensures the output values in the range from 0 to 1 (or from 0 to 100%), that indicates the probability of hydrates formation in the controlled section of the pipeline. Application of such an approach makes it possible to teach; additionally that is, to improve the neural network; therefore this means of predicting hydrate formations objectively increases reliability of results obtained in the process of predicting and functioning of the system. The authors of the work recommend to carry out an integrated approach to ensure clear control over the operation mode of wells and gas collection points. Findings: According to the results of experimental studies, the places of the most likely deposition of hydrates in underground gas storage facilities were identified, in particular, in the inside space of the flowline in places of accumulation of liquid contaminants (lowered pipeline sections) and an adjustable choke of the gas collection point. The available methods used to prevent and eliminate hydrate formation both in wells and at gas field equipment were analyzed. Such an analysis made it possible to put together a list of methods that are most appropriate for the conditions of gas storage facilities in Ukraine. The method of predicting hydrate formation in certain sections of pipelines based on algorithms of artificial neural networks is proposed. The developed methodology based on data on values of temperatures and pressures in certain sections of pipelines allows us to predict the beginning of the hydrate formation process at certain points with high accuracy and take appropriate measures. Research limitations/implications: To increase the efficiency of solving the problem of hydrate formation in gas storage facilities, it is expedient to introduce new approaches to timely predict complications, in particular, the use of neural networks and diverse measures. Practical implications: Implementation of the developed predicting methodology and methods and measures to prevent and eliminate hydrate formation in wells and technological equipment in underground gas storage facilities will increase the operation efficiency of underground gas storage facilities. Originality/value: The use of artificial intelligence to predict hydrate formations in flowlines of wells and technological equipment of underground gas storage facilities is proposed. Using this approach to predict and function the system as a whole ensures high reliability of the results obtained due to adaptation of the system to the specified control conditions.

2

Wpływ oprzyrządowania technologicznego na przebieg testów wibracyjnych 120 mm naboi moździerzowych prowadzonych na wzbudniku drgań

Bieniek Piotr, Kowalik Grzegorz, Łysiak Karol

Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia

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2022

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R. 51, z. 159

47--71

PL

Artykuł przybliża zagadnienie właściwego doboru oprzyrządowania technologicznego do adaptacji 120 mm naboi moździerzowych podczas badań laboratoryjnych na wzbudniku drgań. Celem pracy jest określenie wpływu zmodyfikowanego oprzyrządowania technologicznego na przebieg testów wibracyjnych w odniesieniu do oprzyrządowania wyjściowego, którego projekt wraz z wykonaniem uwzględniającym mocowanie na wzbudniku drgań i dopasowaniem względem badanej próbki zmieniał się na podstawie prowadzonych prób. Aspekty związane z udoskonaleniem uchwytu technologicznego będącego elementem pośrednim pomiędzy urządzeniem wibracyjnym, a badaną próbką mają istotny wpływ na przebieg testów wibracyjnych, które dla porównania przeprowadzono na głowicy i stole ślizgowym wzbudnika. Każdy test jest obciążony działaniem niekorzystnych zjawisk, które po części wynikają z konstrukcji systemu wibracyjnego, jednak na poziom utrudnień i kierunek ich działania wpływa również dobór odpowiedniego uchwytu technologicznego oraz doświadczenie operatora urządzenia. Dlatego do zrównoważenia dysproporcji związanych z ograniczeniami wzbudnika drgań, a wykonaniem i mocowaniem uchwytu do 120 mm naboju moździerzowego pomocne jest uwzględnienie opisanych w artykule odpowiednich wytycznych i zasad. Sposób postępowania po napotkaniu problemów i ich rozwiązanie jest na bieżąco przedstawiane w oparciu o badania wibracyjne sprawdzające odporność 120 mm naboi moździerzowych na narażenia mechaniczne w postaci drgań sinusoidalnych.

EN

The paper deals with a proper selection of technological instruments for fixing 120 mm mortar cartridges into the vibrations inductor at laboratory testing. The work was aimed to find out the influence of modified technological instruments on the course of vibration tests in comparison to an original design which had been changed along with performed trials to take into account the fixation on the vibrations inductor and matching with the tested sample. Aspects connected with the improvement of the technological handle, which is a transitional device between the vibrating system and tested sample, have essential impact into the course of vibration tests which were conducted both on the head and the sliding table of the inductor for comparison. Each test is burdened by actions of adverse effects which are partially caused by the design of the vibrating system, and hence the experience of operator and selection of suitable technological handle are also important for coping with difficulties. For this reason it may be helpful to use some recommendations described in the paper for balancing disproportions connected with the limitations of the vibration inductor and fabrication and fixation of the handle for 120 mm mortar cartridge. The way of coping with encountered difficulties is presented directly with proposed solutions on the base of vibration tests examining the resistance of 120 mm mortar cartridges against mechanical loads in the form of sinusoidal vibrations.

3

Application of predictive maintenance in the packaging production

Palchevskiy Bogdan, Krestyanpol Lyubov

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2022

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T. 12, nr 3

27--33

EN

To solve the problem of predictive maintenance for packaging manufacturing, we propose a hybrid model that optimizes the maintenance plan. The model is based on monitoring the state of many components of a multi-position automatic packaging machine and makes it possible to predict their future malfunctions and estimate the remaining service life of the equipment. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is demonstrated with the help of a real industrial multi-position machine for the automatic production of film bags and packaging of paste in them. The methodology is based on the analysis of diagnostic information using an expert system.

PL

Aby rozwiązać problem predykcyjnego utrzymania ruchu w produkcji opakowań, proponujemy hybrydowy model optymalizujący plan utrzymania ruchu. Model ten opiera się na monitorowaniu stanu wielu komponentów wielostanowiskowej automatycznej maszyny pakującej i umożliwia przewidywanie ich przyszłych awarii oraz szacowanie pozostałego czasu eksploatacji urządzenia. Skuteczność proponowanego rozwiązania została zademonstrowana na przykładzie rzeczywistej przemysłowej maszyny wielostanowiskowej do automatycznej produkcji torebek foliowych i pakowania w nie pasty. Metodyka opiera się na analizie informacji diagnostycznych z wykorzystaniem systemu eksperckiego.

4

Vibration and seismicity monitoring in dam control process

Rudolf Tomas

Gospodarka Wodna

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2021

|

Nr 11

19--24

EN

Hydraulic structures, dams and technological equipment are exposed to dynamic loads which are caused by natural seismicity and technical seismicity. Measurement of induced vibrations and dynamic motions of structures can be used to find out more facts. It is an effective way to find out if the structure has been exposed to undesired stress or warn in time of possible exceedance of safety limits. Based on the measurement we can also assess the condition of technological equipment. The measurement can be used to assess the realized design of a structure or also as a basis for the design of reconstruction and improvements of constructions. The paper presents practical examples of measurements, conclusions and measures derived from them.

PL

Budowle hydrotechniczne, zapory i urządzenia technologiczne narażone są na obciążenia dynamiczne wywołane sejsmicznością naturalną oraz sejsmicznością techniczną. Pomiary drgań indukowanych i dynamicznych ruchów konstrukcji może posłużyć do poszerzenia wiedzy o budowli. Jest to skuteczny sposób na sprawdzenie, czy konstrukcja została narażona na niepożądane naprężenia lub bieżące ostrzeżenia o możliwym przekroczeniu granic bezpieczeństwa. Na podstawie pomiarów możemy również ocenić stan urządzeń technologicznych. Pomiary mogą być wykorzystany do oceny realizowanego projektu budowli lub jako podstawa do projektowania przebudowy i usprawnień konstrukcji. W artykule przedstawiono praktyczne przykłady pomiarów, wnioski i kroki podjęte na ich podstawie.

5

Research on the economic efficiency for technological equipment extending of the kinematic chains on the numerically controlled machines

Zdziarska Roksana, Biniek Agata, Grochała Daniel, Pajor Mirosław

Mechanik

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2019

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R. 92, nr 10

624--626

EN

The article describes the selection of machining holders included in the so called special machining fixture-tools. The equipment presented in the work is readily used by technologists as a solution extending the kinematic chain of the machine tool. It enables multi-axis machining (from many sides) using one item clamping. This paper presents the calculation of productivity and its growth through the use of special equipment. The research was carried out for medium-volume production, which is quite a difficult area in the design of technologies and the study of production costs. In the technical development of tooling and modeling of its usage costs, it was assumed to maintain the required level of dimensional and shape accuracy with a simultaneous significant reduction of operating costs. As part of the work, a model was also developed for determining the break-even point of investment in special machining tools that are used on triaxial milling machining centers.

PL

W artykule opisano sposób doboru uchwytów obróbkowych, wchodzących w skład tzw. specjalnych przyrządów obróbkowych. Zaprezentowane oprzyrządowanie jest chętnie wykorzystywane przez technologów jako rozwiązanie przedłużające łańcuch kinematyczny obrabiarki. Umożliwia ono prowadzenie obróbki wieloosiowej (z wielu stron) w jednym zamocowaniu przedmiotu. Omówiono metodykę obliczeń produktywności oraz jej wzrostu dzięki zastosowaniu specjalnego oprzyrządowania. Badania prowadzono dla produkcji średnioseryjnej, która jest dosyć trudnym obszarem w projektowaniu technologii oraz badaniu kosztów produkcji. W opracowaniu technicznym oprzyrządowania i modelowaniu kosztów jego użycia założono utrzymanie wymaganego poziomu dokładności wymiarowo-kształtowej z jednoczesną istotną redukcją kosztów operacyjnych. W ramach zrealizowanej pracy opracowano również model do określania progu rentowności inwestycji w specjalne przyrządy obróbkowe, które są stosowane na trójosiowych frezarskich centrach obróbkowych.

6

Maszyny i aparaty przetwórstwa spożywczego w ujęciu systemowym

Dutkiewicz D., Słowiński B.

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

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2015

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nr 2

138--144

PL

W nauczaniu inżynierii procesów przetwórstwa spożywczego, pracach badawczych i integrowaniu zasobów wiedzy, myślenie całościowe (holistyczne) określane, jako ujęcie systemowe, jest stosowane w nauce od połowy ubiegłego wieku. Staje się coraz bardziej powszechne. Wciąż jednak nie znajduje ono odpowiedniego do potrzeb i przynoszonych korzyści odzwierciedlenia w podręcznikach inżynierii przetwórstwa spożywczego. Przedmiotu, którego zakres obejmuje ponad 2 tysiące rodzajów maszyn i aparatów wyposażenia technologicznego kilkudziesięciu branż, przetwarzających wieleset gatunków surowca pochodzenia rolniczego. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie autorskiej wizji, inspirowanej stosowaniem podejścia systemowego, związku właściwości surowców ze sposobami pracy urządzeń i wykorzystania, stworzonych przez nie możliwości podwyższenia poziomu integrowania wiedzy oraz efektywności działań w sferze dydaktyki w omawianej dziedzinie.

EN

In teaching the food processing engineering, research works and integrating stores of knowledge comprehensive thinking (holistic) determined as the system approach, applied in the learning from the half of the last century, is becoming increasingly common in our times more and more. Still however it isn’t finding the food processing suitable for needs and brought benefits of reflecting engineering in textbooks, of object which the scope includes beyond 2 thousand kinds of machines and apparatuses of technological equipping several dozen of branches, processing a lot set of species the raw material of the agricultural origin. Presenting the author’s vision is a purpose of the article, of using the possibility increasing the level of integrating the knowledge in discussed field and the effectiveness of action in the sphere of didactics, inspired with applying the system approach.

7

Oprzyrządowania technologiczne pieca komorowego składane z elementów odlewanych

Drotlew A., Garbiak M., Piekarski B.

Przegląd Odlewnictwa

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2014

|

Vol. 64, nr 7-8

264--268

PL

Scharakteryzowano i zilustrowano konstrukcje oprzyrządowania technologicznego służącego do uformowania i transportu wsadu w piecach komorowych do obróbki cieplnej, zaprojektowane na obrysie 600×900 mm. W skład każdego oprzyrządowania wchodzi paleta podstawowa (nośna). W zależności od liczby i kształtu części obrabianych cieplnie oraz wielkości produkcji paletę uzupełnia się o inne elementy tj.: palety pośrednie, słupy, tuleje dystansowe, poprzeczki czy kosze. Elementy oprzyrządowania są odlewami wytwarzanymi w formach piaskowych.

EN

The structure of technological equipment designed on a 600×900 mm layout scheme was described and illustrated. The equipment is used for the formation and transport of charge in chamber furnaces for heat treatment. Each set of the equipment includes a basic load-carrying grate. Depending on the number and shape of the heat-treated parts and production volume, the grate set is completed with other elements such as: intermediate grates, supports, distance sleeves, crossbars, and baskets. Individual elements of the grate set are castings made in sand moulds.

8

Information aspects of optimization synthesis of functional-modular structure of technological equipment

Palchevskyi B.

Applied Computer Science

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2013

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Vol. 9, no 1

17--33

EN

The paper presents the information approach to the design of equipment with functional-modular structure. The advantages and drawbacks of various technologies of synthesis are shown.

9

Arc-plasma spraying and suction-casting methods in magnetic materials manufacturing

Wysłocki J. J., Pawlik P.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

|

Vol. 43, nr 1

463--468

EN

Purpose: The paper discusses two new technologies for producing magnetic materials which have been successfully developed in recent years at the Institute of Physics of the Czestochowa University of Technology and discusses properties of the materials obtained with the use of these methods. Design/methodology/approach: In this research the arc-plasma deposition of Nd2Fe14B powders onto a substrate either cooled with water or heated up to a temperature in the range from 773 to1023 K was applied. In the second method the suction of an arc-melted alloy to a water-cooled copper mould (the suction-casting method) was introduced. Moreover, microstructure, magnetic properties and domain structure of the produced samples were determined. Findings: It has been found that thin Nd2Fe14B strips obtained by the plasma method possess magnetic properties. It has also been demonstrated that the suction-casting method makes it possible to obtain both amorphous magnetically soft materials (e.g. Fe-Co-W-Zr-B), as well as magnetically hard nanocomposites (e.g. (Fe-Co)-(Pr-Dy)-B-Zr). Research limitations/implications: The main problem in the suction-casting method is to reduce the critical cooling rate required for the production of amorphous alloys and to increase the geometrical dimensions of amorphous specimens. Practical implications: Thin-layered Nd-Fe-B magnets produced by means of arc-plasma deposition can be applied directly onto the surface of electromagnetic equipment parts. Magnets with isotropic magnetic properties were obtained by applying layers onto the water-cooled copper substrate. Whereas, anisotropic magnets were obtained as a result of the arc-plasma deposition of powders onto the copper substrate heated up to 873 K. The most advantageous properties were achieved for the microcrystalline structure of a grain size close to the single-domain particle size (approx. 0.3 μm). Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the suction-casting method makes it possible to obtain bulk amorphous alloys of considerable sizes, such as rods of magnetically soft Fe-Co-W-Zr-B alloys of a diameter up to 2 mm, as well as Fe-Co-Pr-Zr-B tubes of a diameter up to 3 mm. It is also possible to produce magnetically hard nanocomposite materials of the (Fe-Co)-(Pr,Dy)-B-Zr type by annealing of metallic glasses. Originality/value: Successfully introduced new methods of magnetic materials manufacturing.

10

Badania dynamiczne wybranych połączeń elementów uchwytów składanych

Gil S.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

|

2009

|

z. 76 [261]

263-270

EN

The dynamic analysis of connections of modular fixture elements were carried out. The amplitude and frequency characteristics were determined. The influence of different combinations of columns and plates on the displacement were investigated.

11

Automatyczne klasyfikowanie stref obsługi urządzeń technologicznych przez roboty przemysłowe

Kirilowicz W.A., Bidenko K.G., Makarenko N.W.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

|

2009

|

z. 76 [261]

89-95

EN

The opportunity of automation of classification of zones of service of technological equipment with the subsequent definition of the size, arrangement and coordinate direction of possible access setting of the industrial robot in a zone of service is considered. Classification of zones of service of technological equipment an industrial robot is for what conducted and the method the automated of classification of zones of service is developed.

12

Analiza techniczno-ekonomiczna rozwojowych gospodarstw rolniczych w aspekcie uproszczenia produkcji roślinnej

Malaga-Toboła U.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

|

2009

|

R. 13, nr 8

113-120

PL

Przedstawiono wyposażenie techniczne gospodarstw, wartość odtworzeniową parku maszynowego, wskaźnik technicznego uzbrojenia, wartość produkcji globalnej, czystej, dochodu czystego oraz wskaźniki opłacalności, rentowności i dochodowości produkcji w rozwojowych gospodarstwach rolnych. Badania przeprowadzono w 116 obiektach płożonych na terenie województwa małopolskiego. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, iż najlepsze efekty produkcyjne osiągnęły gospodarstwa o II stopniu uproszczenia produkcji, uprawiające dwie grupy roślin technologicznie jednorodnych, mimo najwyższych kosztów produkcji. W obiektach tych odnotowano najwyższą wartość odtworzeniową parku maszynowego, produkcji globalnej oraz dochodu czystego. Zatrudniano natomiast najmniej osób, jak również wskaźnik technicznego uzbrojenia stanowiska pracy był najniższy.

EN

The paper discusses technological equipment in farms, machine stock replacement value, technological equipment possession index, the values of global and net production, net income, and indexes of production cost-effectiveness, profitability and earning capacity in developing farms. The research covered 116 objects located in Małopolskie Voivodship. Completed studies allowed to find out that best production effects were achieved at farms classified in 2nd production simplification degree, cultivating two groups of technologically homogeneous plants, although their production costs were highest. Highest machine stock replacement value and global and net production values were observed in these objects. At the same time, lowest number of people was hired there, and technological equipment possession index for work station was lowest.

13

Automated technological equipment layout in industrial robots' working area having complicated shape

Kyrylovych V., Pidtychenko O.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

|

2008

|

z. 73 [253]

189-196

EN

The conception and methods of computer-aided solution of flexible manufacturing cells technological equipment layout relative to industrial robot (IR) with optimization by a set of accepted criteria are presented. The software realization of this task for IR having working area (WA) of complicated shape is presented. The idea of surface analytical description of IR WA having complicated shape and interactive editor for its computer-aided forming are presented.

14

The web-based programming interface for the Mitsubishi Movemaster robot

Foit K.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2008

|

Vol. 27, nr 2

183-186

EN

Purpose: of this paper. The aim of this paper is to present a prototype of web-based programming interface for the Mitsubishi Movemaster RV-M1 robot. Design/methodology/approach: In the previous papers [11-14] the off-line, remote programming system for the mentioned robot has been presented. It has been used as a base for developing a new branch: web-based programming interface. The web techniques have been selected due to possibility of use existing code fragments for elaborating new applications and modularity of this solution. Findings: As a result, a prototype of the system has been developed. Research limitations/implications: Because the presented system is in the early development stage, there is a lack of some useful functions. Future work will include elaboration of the robot's visualisation module and implementation of a trajectory translator intended to co-operate with CAD software. Practical implications: The elaborated system has been previously intended for educational purposes, but it may be adapted for other devices, like small PLC's or other robots. Originality/value: Remote supervision of machines during a manufacturing process is an actual issue. Most of automation systems manufacturers produce software for their PLC's and robots. Mitsubishi Movemaster RV-M1 is an old model and there is very few programs dedicated to this machine. On the other hand the programming and development of applications for this robot are very easy. The aim of the presented project is to develop a flexible, remote-programming environment.

15

The signal connections in robot integrated manufacturing systems

Reclik D., Kost G., Świder J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2008

|

Vol. 26, nr 1

89-96

EN

Purpose: The main goal of this paper is that, the robot integrated manufacturing systems are more popular and useful in the industry. Moreover, the communication in those systems might be realized by many different data exchange solutions. Using this kind of solution causes the data exchange incompatibility. This paper deals with different ways in informatics connection of all of the components in robot integrated manufacturing system. Design/methodology/approach: Incompatibility is a result of usage many different communication systems between components in lathe center. The way of mutual signal connections were the target of researches. Findings: As a result of scientific work, the universal and compatible informatics connection system of the robot lathe center was created. Research limitations/implications: The project of the data exchange system is confined to PROFIBUS DP lan. Practical implications: The result of the researches was developing a technical element choice procedure of the data exchange depending on transport means quantity and system composition in the robot lathe system. Originality/value: This is a brand new paper, which describes internal systems of data exchange in robot integrated manufacturing system in example of automatic lathe center.

16

Ocena dokładności skomputeryzowanego przyrządu do pomiaru zarysów okrągłości w urządzeniach

Janusiewicz A.

Przegląd Mechaniczny

|

2007

|

nr 9 supl.

72-75

PL

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono porównanie wyników uzyskanych za pomocą przyrządu do pomiaru zarysów okrągłości w urządzeniach technologicznych w wersji tradycyjnej, tj. wyposażonej w analogowy czujnik zegarowy, ze skomputeryzowanym przyrządem pomiarowym działającym przy użyciu oprogramowania CYFORM. Porównania dokonano względem urządzenia wzorcowego TALYROND 73 firmy Taylor Hobson. Przedstawiono procedury testowania statystycznego eksperymentalnego błędu metody. Ustalono i podano dokładność testowanych urządzeń oraz na ich podstawie sformułowano wnioski.

EN

The paper deals with measurement of roundness profiles in technological equipment. The accuracy of a computer-aided measurement device using the CYFORM software was assessed by comparing its results with those obtained in a conventional way by means of an instrument equipped with an analogue dial gauge. The accuracy of the devices was compared with that of a Taylor Hobson TALYROND 73 employed as a standard device.

17

The signal connections in robot integrated manufacturing systems

Reclik D., Kost G., Świder J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2007

|

Vol. 23, nr 1

87-90

EN

Purpose: The main goal of this paper is that, the robot integrated manufacturing systems are more popular and useful in the industry. Moreover, the communication in those systems might be realized by many different data exchange solutions. Using this kind of solution causes the data exchange incompatibility. This paper deals with different ways in informatics connection of all of the components in robot integrated manufacturing system. Design/methodology/approach: Incompatibility is a result of usage many different communication systems between components in lathe center. The way of mutual signal connections were the target of researches. Findings: As a result of scientific work, the universal and compatible informatics connection system of the robot lathe center was created. Research limitations/implications: The project of the data exchange system is confined to PROFIBUS DP Ian. Practical implications: The result of the researches was developing a technical element choice procedure of the data exchange depending on transport means quantity and system composition in the robot lathe system. Originality/value: This is a brand new paper, which describes internal systems of data exchange in robot integrated manufacturing system in example of automatic lathe center.

18

Processing of soybean meal into concentrates and testing for Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

Vindis P., Mursec B., Janzekovic M., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2007

|

Vol. 20, nr 1-2

507-510

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to show how the soybean meal is processed into the feed concentrate and how the GMO content is tested when the soybean meal is accepted in the feed concentrate factory. Design/methodology/approach: After acceptance of the soybean meal the analysis for the protein and moisture content is made by the use of Inframatic. The average monthly sample is sent to an external laboratory for testing for GMO content. According to the regulations the GMO content must not exceed 0,9% and is determined by the PCR (polymeraze chain reaction) method. The soybean meal is processed into the feed concentrate by the use of hammer mill, feed mixer and pellet mill. Ten analyses for GMO content have been performed by establishing the influence of the origin on the GMO content; the average percentage of GMO in the soybean meal was 0,3%. Findings: In two cases the results of analyses of the soybean meal were negative, which means that the soybean meal did not contain any GMO; in eight cases the test was positive, but none exceeded the sill of 0,9%. Irrespective of the supplier or origin the average percentage of the GMO in soybean meal is approximately identical, i.e., 0,3%. Only the soybean meal, arriving from Brazil, has a smaller percentage of the GMO, i.e., 0,22%. It means that not the supplier, but only the origin has an influence on the percentage of the GMO in soybean meal. Research/limitations/implications: The research has been performed on soybean meal, arriving from Brazil and Hungary, where ten analyses for GMO content have been performed. Practical implications: On the average, the soybean meal coming from Hungary contains more GMO, i.e., 0,3%, than the soybean meal coming from Brazil, which contains 0,22%. Originality/value: The research showed that most soybean meal were genetically modified, but in no case the limit prescribed by the regulations, i.e., 0,9% was exceeded.

19

Manufacturing of mass-scale products from structural microalloyed steels in integrated production lines

Adamczyk J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 20, nr 1-2

399-402

EN

Purpose: Technical-economic aspects of the introduction of integrated technological lines for the production of metallurgical products are presented in the work. They have a special importance for microalloyed steels used in different branches of the industry. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis was carried out on a basis of requirements concerning hot-working of microalloyed steels with high mechanical properties produced by the use of the controlled rolling and thermo-mechanical processing. Findings: A modification of some well-known integrated lines consisting in the introduction of the cooling machine between roughing and finishing trains, instead of reheating machine gives a possibility to realize a controlled rolling. Moreover, using retention shields makes possible to manufacture the products by the thermo-mechanical processing. Research limitations/implications: There is a necessity to adjust technological parameters to precise controlling a course of material processes. Practical implications: Development of demands concerning integrated lines enabling to realize the controlled rolling and thermo-mechanical processing. Originality/value: Manufacturing mass-scale products from microalloyed steels in integrated energy-saving lines.

20

Analysis of quality of sowing by pneumatic sowing machines for sugar beet

Mursec B., Vindis P., Janzekovic M., Cus F., Brus M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 22, nr 1

85-88

EN

Purpose: The paper presents two sowing machines for interval sowing, differing in the mode of operation. The pneumatic vacuum sowing machine OLT and the pneumatic pressure sowing machine Aeromat - Becker for sowing sugar beet are compared. We were interested in adequacy of sowing at different working speeds. The purpose of the paper is to find out the optimum working speed for the individual sowing machine. Design/methodology/approach: The measurements were performed with two sowing machines which are most widely used in Slovenia; the sowing machines were tested in completely identical conditions at different speed of sowing. Findings: The parameters such as working efficiency, depth of sowing, inter-row distance and distance between seeds in the sowing row were measured and calculated. Research limitations/implications: Cultivation of sugar beet depends primarily on expert and technically correct sowing. Distance between seeds in the sowing row must enable the plants to have optimum conditions for their growth and development. For successful sowing it is necessary to know adequacy of the soil for sowing, technical properties of the sowing machine and biotechnical characteristics of the seed. Practical implications: Sowing machines and expertly performed sowing are of great importance for cultivation of sugar beet. The principal aim of the paper is to establish whether the higher working speed influences the quality of sowing. The test were aimed at defining the most suitable sowing speed for both sowing machines on the basis of measured data. Cultivation of sugar beet requires much money invested and work performed per unit of area. It is very important for the producers to be well familiarized with all agro - technical measures. Originality/value: Taking into account all measured parameters the optimum sowing speed of the pneumatic vacuum machine OLT is 8 km/h and the optimum sowing speed of the pneumatic pressure sowing machine Aeromat - Becker is 10 km/h.