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1

Nitrogen-Fixing Capacity of Soybean Varieties Depending on Seed Inoculation and Foliar Fertilization with Biopreparations

Korobko Alina, Kravets Ruslan, Mazur Oleksandr, Mazur Olena, Shevchenko Natalia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 4

23--37

EN

The article reveals the role of soybean varieties and the value of their crops, capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and being a favorable predecessor in modern crop rotations, the importance of optimizing organo-mineral nutrition, seed treatment with nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-mobilizing bacteria for improving the nitrogen-fixing capacity of soybean varieties. Development of the technology of growing soybeans with environmentally friendly elements requires scientific substantiation and adaptation to the soil and climatic conditions of a particular growing zone, as well as the research of their impact on the varietal characteristics of a crop. The research outcomes conf irmed the maximum formation of the symbiotic apparatus indicators: the number and weight of soybean nodules and their intensive functioning with the formation of the highest indicators of the total and active symbiotic potential as well as the amount of biologically fixed nitrogen, it is necessary to jointly inoculate seeds with Rizoline and double application of chelated microfertilizers at microstage BBCH 12-13: Organic Balance+Azotophyte+Helprost Soybean+Liposam and at microstage BBCH 61-69: Organic Balance+Azotophyte+Helprost Boron+Liposam. At the same time, the total number of soybean nodules was formed in the Samorodok variety−50.3, of which 36.0 pcs./plant were active, in the Amadeus variety–55.6 and 40.0 pcs./plant. The total and active weight of soybean nodules in the Samorodok variety made up 515 and 399 mg/plant, and in the Amadeus variety–586 and 454 mg/plant. Indicators of total and active symbiotic potential were 31.2 and 21.6 thousand kg/day per ha in the Samorodok variety, as for the Amadeus variety–36.5 and 25.5 thousand kg/day per ha and biologically fixed nitrogen in the Samorodok variety–119.0 kg/ha, in the Amadeus variety-140.1 kg.

2

Ecological assessment of soil contamination with heavy metals due to the application of mineral fertilisers

Suleimenova Naziya, Togisbayeva Ainura, Orynbasarova Gulnar, Kuandykova Elnara, Yerekeyeva Svetlana

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

74--80

EN

The article presents the results of monitoring the aftereffect of the use of excessive zonal doses of mineral fertilisers on soil contamination with heavy metals (HM). With traditional soybean cultivation technology, the level of soil contamination when applying excessive doses (N60 P180 K90) of fertilisers is quite high and indicates violations of the ecological balance of the agroecosystem. By the nature of the accumulation of heavy metals in meadow-chestnut soil, depending on the application of the studied doses (P60 K30, N30 P60 K30, N60 P180K90) of fertiliser, the content of HM (Pb, Zn, Cd) increases. The greatest contamination of the soil with Cu was revealed, the content of which increases to 3.2 mg∙kg-1 of soil, which is higher than the threshold of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) - 3.0 mg∙kg-1. According to the level of contamination of the soil with copper, it belongs to the highly dangerous classes. In a comparative assessment of the level of soil contamination with HM, optimal norms of mineral fertilisers have been established, namely, against the background of effective resource-saving technology for growing soybeans. The application of fertilisers at a dose of P60 K30 and N30 P60 K30 does not significantly affect the level of soil contamination with HM, optimises the ecological state and nutrient regime of the soil, preserves and restores soil fertility indicators, and increases soybean productivity. This resource-saving technology provides a safe environment for soybean cultivation and a significant increase of 34.5-38.6% in crop productivity (0.53-0.76 Mg∙ha-1) and yield (2.57 Mg∙ha-1).

3

Analysis of trait stability of soybean cultivated under various environmental conditions

Rymuza Katarzyna, Radzka Elżbieta

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 59

1--7

EN

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) yielding potential depends on environmental conditions (precipitation, temperature, soil). The aim of the work was to evaluate stability of yielding (and other traits) of three soybean cultivars (Abelina, SG Anser, Merlin) grown under the climatic conditions of central-eastern Poland. The studied material was obtain in a field experiment conducted at Łączka (52°15' N, 21°95' E) during the growing seasons of 2017-2019. Trait stability was determined based on Shukla’s genotype stability variance and Wricke’s ecovalence describing the genotype-by-environment interaction. For all the examined parameters, there were found significant differences between successive growing seasons, cultivars, and cultivars within study years. The greatest influence of environmental conditions (years) was determined for plant height (64%) and first pod height (54.2%). Stability parameters indicated that cv. Abelina was the most stable in terms of yielding, 1000 seed weight, seed number per pod and average seed number per pod, cv. SG Anser being the least stable in this respect.

4

Ecological and Economic Aspects of the Formation of Highly Productive Soybean Crops

Mazur Victor, Alieksieievа Olha, Mazur Kateryna, Alieksieiev Oleksiy

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

124--129

EN

For the successful development of the agricultural sector, one of the main tasks during the cultivation of agricultural crops is the rational use of land resources and obtaining the highest possible quality of products with low labor costs. The practical value of the scientific article lies in the improvement of the elements of the technology of growing soybean varieties that differ in groups of maturity. The development of ecological and economic technological parameters made it possible to ensure the seed yield, depending on the maturity groups of high-tech varieties, up to 2.91 t/ha with high production profitability. The object of researchinvolved the processes of growth, development and formation of the soybean seed crop, as well as its quality depending on the developed technological parameters. The subject of research comprised soybean varieties, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a bacterial preparation and a growth regulator. It was determined that soybean belongs to the high-protein strategic agricultural crop of Ukraine and the world. Providing the population with protein food is a global problem, because the increase in population significantly exceeds the production of protein products. Soy, which is characterized by a rare chemical composition, plays an important role in solving this problem – its seeds contain 38–42% protein, 18–32% fat, 25–30% carbohydrates, enzymes, vitamins, minerals, many essential amino acids with a significant degree of solubility and nutrition. This feature has a positive effect on the environment and allows obtaining ecologically clean products. The cultivation of soybeans is of great agrotechnical importance, as it is a good precursor for the cultivation of the vast majority of agricultural crops. However, the determining factor for obtaining a high yield of soybeans is the variety. On the basis of the research results, their economic analysis and with the aim of growing high soybean yields at the level of 2.91 t/ha, the agro-forming of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine recommended sowing the intensive soybean variety Sandra – carrying out pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with the bacterial preparation Rizotorphin in combination with the growth regulator Vermyst. Therefore, the scientific work is devoted to researching the yield and nutritional value of soybeans of different varieties depending on the inoculation of seeds with bacterial preparations and treatment with growth regulators, which is relevant as well as of scientific and practical interest in the field of ecologically oriented growing technologies.

5

Prognozowanie efektów produkcyjnych deszczowania roślin na podstawie wyników badań polowych

Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska Renata, Żarski Jacek, Dudek Stanisław

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2023

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nr I/1

71--87

PL

W pracy przedstawiono efekty produkcyjne deszczowania buraka cukrowego, rzepaku ozimego, jęczmienia jarego, soi oraz bobiku, uzyskane w wieloletnich (2005-2020) eksperymentach polowych. Doświadczenia prowadzono na glebie lekkiej o zwięzłym podłożu w rejonie Bydgoszczy. Wykazano istotne, prostoliniowe zależności między zwyżkami plonów roślin pod wpływem deszczowania a sumami opadów w okresach wegetacji tych roślin, zwłaszcza w fazach wzmożonego zapotrzebowania na wodę. Średnie wieloletnie efekty produkcyjne deszczowania badanych upraw, które zaprezentowano w pracy oraz ich zmienność w okresie wieloletnim, mogą stanowić podstawę oceny celowości deszczowania roślin w porównywalnych warunkach glebowych i opadowych.

EN

The paper presents the production effects of irrigation of sugar beet, winter rape, spring barley, soybean and faba bean, obtained in long-term (2005-2020) field experiments. The experiments were carried out on light soil with compact subsoil in the Bydgoszcz area. Significant, rectilinear relationships were found between increases in plant yields under the influence of sprinkler irrigation and precipitation totals in the vegetation periods of these plants, especially in the phases of increased water demand. The average long-term production effects of irrigation of the surveyed crops, which are presented in the work and their variability over the long-term period, may be the basis for assessing the desirability of irrigation of plants in areas of comparable soil and precipitation conditions.

6

Forecasting Oil Crops Yields on the Regional Scale Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

Lykhovyd Pavlo

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 3

53--57

EN

Early prediction of crop yields on large cropland areas is of a great importance for operational planning in the agrarian sector of economy and ensuring food security. Large-scale forecasts became possible owing to the introduction of remote sensing technologies in the systems of precision agriculture, providing the information on crops conditions both on a certain field and large croplands. The study on the forecasting of major oil crop yields, namely, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L), winter rape (Brássica nápus) and soybean (Glycine max), on the regional level in Kherson oblast of Ukraine was conducted using historical yielding data and monthly MODIS Terrain NDVI smoothed time series imagery with 250 m resolution of the period from 2012 to 2019. The statistical data on the crop yields were linked to the corresponding values of monthly NDVI to determine the type of inter-relationship and work out the regression models for the oil crops yield prediction based on the remotely sensed vegetation index. The highest correlation between the yields of the oil crops and NDVI with the best prediction accuracy were obtained by using the index values at the period of April for winter rape, July for sunflower, and August for soybean. The developed regression models have reasonable accuracy with the mean absolute percentage errors of predictions reaching 25.23 percent for sunflower, 18.28 percent for winter rape, and 13.24 percent for soybean. The models are easy in use and might be recommended for introduction in theory and practice of precision agriculture.

7

Soybean Productivity in Rice Crop Rotation Depending on the Impact of Biodestructor on Post-Harvest Rice Residues

Dudchenko Volodymyr, Markovska Olena, Sydiakina Olena

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 6

114--121

EN

The use of biodestructors in agricultural technologies for efficient decomposition of crop residues affects the number and species composition of soil fungi, especially pathogenic species, and as a consequence, plant productivity. However, to date, this issue has not been extensively studied. The purpose of this experiment was to develop an effective method of destruction of post-harvest residues using biological products to realize the productive potential of soybeans in rice crop rotation. The work was conducted on the experimental plots of the Institute of Rice NAAS (Skadovsk district, Kherson region, Ukraine) during 2016–2018. In the experiment, the treatment of post-harvest rice residues with a biodestructor Biocomplex-BTU "Ecostern" (1 l/ha) in combination with concentrated amide water-soluble fertilizer, carbamide (30 kg/ha) was carried out in autumn. Application of carbamide alone (30 kg/ha) was used as a control. "Ecostern" is a concentrated agent, which comprises antagonists of pathogenic microorganisms as well as fungi and bacteria that accelerate decomposition of plant residues. The application of biodestructor Biocomplex-BTU "Ecostern" (1 l/ha) in combination with carbamide increased the total number of pathogenic and saprotrophic fungi in the soil from 65.5 to 80.5 thousand /g of soil or by 22.9%. However, the content of pathogenic microflora under this condition was 21.8% lower compared to the control (30 kg/ha carbamide), and the number of saprotrophs increased 3.3-fold. Following the combined use of biodestructor "Ecostern" and carbamide, the number of antagonist fungi has doubled, while the number of toxin-forming fungi decreased by 9.4%. The yield of soybeans also increased by 0.6 t/ha or by 17.9% compared to the control. The increase in yield was observed due to the higher standing density of plants and the number of beans per plant. Before the harvest, the standing density of soybean plants was 45 pcs/m2, which is 9.7% higher than the control (41 pcs/m2), due to the high level of field germination of seeds. The number of beans was 24 and 28 pieces per plant, exceeding the control by 16.7%, and the weight of 1000 grains was 156.2 g and 157.5 g, which is 0.8% than the control.

8

Technical parameters of biostimulant spraying a determinant of biometric traits and yield of soybean seeds

Krawczuk Anna, Parafiniuk Stanisław, Przywara Artur, Huyghebaert Bruno, Rabier Fabienne, Limbourg Quentin, Mostade Olivier, Kocira Sławomir

Agricultural Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 25, No. 1

171--179

EN

Spraying with various types of agrochemical substances, including biostimulants, is one of the basic agricultural treatments affecting the yield size and quality. The selected type of spraying nozzles can influence biological effectiveness of the applied substances. A 2-year field study showed which of the investigated nozzles increase the effectiveness of foliar application of a free amino acid biostimulant. The type of nozzle used for the application of biostimulants was reported to significantly influence the biometric properties and yield of soybean cultivation. It was observed that spraying nozzles, which generate finer droplets positively influence positively the biometric properties of plants and seed yield of seed than injector nozzles, which produce coarser droplets. A significant reduction of the thousand seeds mass after applying the biostimulant with standard flat fan nozzles is an exception. A 25.61% increase in soybean yield was reported after applying the biostimulant with standard flat fan nozzles and a 11.35% increase - with injector nozzles.

PL

Jednym z podstawowych zabiegów wpływających na wielkość i jakość uzyskiwanych plonów jest opryskiwanie roślin różnego rodzaju agrochemikaliami, w tym biostymulatorami. Dobór dysz rolniczych może wpływać na efektywność biologiczną stosowanych substancji. Przeprowadzone dwuletnie badania polowe pozwoliły stwierdzić, które z badanych dysz wpływają na efektywniejsze aplikowanie dolistne biostymulatora opartego na wolnych aminokwasach. Stwierdzono istotny wpływ rodzaju stosowanych dysz do aplikacji biostymulatora w uprawie soi na cechy biometryczne i plon soi. Zaobserwowano, że dysze wytwarzające więcej mniejszych kropel korzystniej wpłynęły na cechy biometryczne roślin i plon nasion niż dysze inżektorowe. Wyjątkiem jest istotne zmniejszenie masy tysiąca nasion po aplikacji biostymulatora za pomocą standardowych dysz płaskostrumieniowych. Stwierdzono wzrost plonowania soi o 25,61% po aplikacji biostymulatora dyszami standardowymi płaskostrumieniowymi i o 11,35% dyszami inżektorowymi.

9

Processed legume seed products and their significance in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases®

Lachowicz Katarzyna, Stachoń Małgorzata, Kołota Aleksandra, Skolmowska Dominika

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

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2020

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nr 2

168--184

EN

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the main cause of death in Europe for years. The development and the course of the CVDs depends on a variety of factors, among other things, nutritional ones. Legume seed products contain high levels of nutrients and phytochemicals linked with the cardiovascular health benefits. The paper provides up-to-date knowledge on the nutritional value and processing and utilization of legume seeds as well as effects exerted by nutrients and bioactive compounds contained in legumes on the cardiometabolic risk factors intermediating in development of cardiovascular diseases. Familiarity with these issues is necessary for a proper planning of nutrition in patients with CVDs risk.

PL

Choroby sercowo-naczyniowe (CVDs) są od lat główną przyczyną zgonów w Europie. Rozwój i przebieg CVDs zależy od wielu czynników, w tym żywieniowych. Przetwory z nasion roślin strączkowych są bogatym źródłem składników odżywczych i fitozwiązków, które wpływają korzystnie na układ sercowo-naczyniowy. W artykule scharakteryzowano aktualną wiedzę na temat wartości odżywczej, procesów przetwórczych i wykorzystania nasion roślin strączkowych oraz wpływu składowników w nich zawartych na kardiometaboliczne czynniki ryzyka pośredniczące w rozwoju chorób sercowo-naczyniowych. Ich znajomość jest niezbędna do prawidłowego planowania żywienia dla osób z ryzykiem CVDs.

10

Phytoestrogens from legume seeds and their role in the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women®

Stachoń Aleksandra, Lachowicz Katarzyna, Skolmowska Dominika, Kołota Aleksandra

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

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2020

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nr 2

185--194

EN

Menopause is associated with numerous changes and disturbances in a woman’s body that reduce her quality of life. They include, among others, disturbances in bone metabolism and with the consequence developing osteopenia and osteoporosis as a result of estrogen deficiency in the body. Legume seeds and their products are a rich source of phytochemicals which, due to their chemical structure similar to estrogens, are estrogenic indicators. The article presents the current state of knowledge on their impact on bone metabolism. Its knowledge is important in planning the nutrition of perimenopausal women due to the knowledge of the risk of developing osteoporosis in this population group.

PL

Menopauza wiąże się z licznymi zmianami i zaburzeniami w organizmie kobiety, które obniżają jakość jej życia. Należą do nich m.in. zaburzenia metabolizmu kostnego i w konsekwencji rozwijająca się osteopenia i osteoporoza będące skutkiem niedoboru estrogenów w organizmie. Nasiona roślin strączkowych i produkty z nich otrzymywane są bogatym źródłem fitozwiązków, w tym o budowie chemicznej podobnej do estrogenów, wykazujących właściwości estrogenne. W artykule przedstawiono aktualny stan wiedzy na temat ich wpływu na metabolizm kostny. Jego znajomość jest istotna w planowaniu żywienia kobiet w wieku okołomenopauzalnym ze względu na możliwość zmniejszenia ryzyka rozwoju osteoporozy w tej grupie populacyjnej.

11

Spring Row Crops Productivity Prediction Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

Vozhehova Raisa, Maliarchuk Mykola, Biliaieva Iryna, Lykhovyd Pavlo, Maliarchuk Anastasiia, Tomnytskyi Anatoliy

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 6

176--182

EN

The results of statistical modelling for the yields prediction of spring row crops, namely, maize, sorghum and soybean, depending on the values of the remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at critical stages of the crops growth and development were presented. The spatial NDVI data obtained from the Sentinel-2 satellite were used to create the models. Quadratic regression analysis was applied to develop the yielding models based on true yield data of the crops obtained in the period of 2017 and 2018 at the experimental field of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS, Ukraine. The results of statistical modelling revealed that the method is suitable for precise yield prediction, and the best stages for NDVI screening and use in this purpose are different for the studied crops. The best accuracy of prediction could be obtained at the stage of tasselling (VT) or silking (R1) for maize (the mean absolute percentage error MAPE is 8.75%); at the stage of second trifoliate (V2) for soybean (MAPE is 3.75%), and at the stage of half bloom (S6) for sorghum (MAPE is 17.62%). The yield predictions by NDVI are reliable at a probability level of 95% (p < 0.05).

12

Soybean Yield and Vegetative Water Consumption in Various Irrigation Methods

Yelnazarkyzy Rakhiya, Kenenbayev Serik Barmanbekovich, Ospanbayev Z.O., Kalashnikov P.A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 3

87--93

EN

The influence of various irrigation methods on the soybean water consumption rates and yield has been studied. It was established that the yield of the Lastochka soybean variety using the drip irrigation was 52.6 c/ha under the conditions of the Ili Alatau and 49.6 c/ha in the Kyrgyz Alatau, which is 8.0–8.14 c/ha more than when using the furrow irrigation. In both zones, the soybean consumption rates depended on the soil-hydrogeological state of the land.

13

Soy Cultivation Technology with Gravity Drip Irrigation in South and Southeast Kazakhstan

Yelnazarkyzy Rakhiya, Kenenbayev Serik Barmanbekovich, Didorenko Svetlana Vladimirovna, Borodychev Viktor Vladimirovich

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 7

39--44

EN

The authors studied the cultivation technology with drip irrigation based on renewable water energy in comparison with furrow irrigation in two agro-ecological zones in south and southeast Kazakhstan. Three soybean varieties (Lastochka, Danaya, and Akku) were used in the study. Due to the uniform supply of water to the roots of plants, drip irrigation has a positive effect on the quantitative characteristics of growth and development of soybean plants and the formation of productivity indices, as compared to furrow irrigation. The yield of soybean varieties (an integral index that depends on the irrigation methods) increased for all varieties by 5.6–10.6 c/ha with the use of drip irrigation.

14

Ocena mikrobiologiczna nasion trzech odmian soi po zastosowaniu biostymulatora

Kocira A., Czerwińska E., Tomkiewicz D., Kornas R.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2018

|

Tom 20, cz. 2

1710--1726

PL

Wytwarzanie bezpiecznej i wysokiej jakości żywności w sposób chroniący środowisko naturalne związane jest obecnie z wykorzystaniem w uprawach rolniczych biostymulatorów. W praktyce trudno jest zapewnić skuteczną ochronę roślin przed różnego rodzaju czynnikami abiotycznymi. Dodatkowo w nowoczesnym rolnictwie dąży się do ograniczenia stosowania nawozów mineralnych i chemicznych środków ochrony roślin, na rzecz preparatów pochodzenia naturalnego. W uprawach soi bardzo duże zagrożenie stanowią bakterie oraz grzyby, których występowanie uzależnione jest nie tylko od warunków atmosferycznych, odporności odmian ale także od niektórych zabiegów agrotechnicznych. W związku z tym na wyzwania i problemy w uprawie soi mogą odpowiadać regulatory wzrostu i rozwoju roślin. W dostępnej literaturze niewiele jest informacji dotyczących wpływu stosowania regulatorów wzrostu i rozwoju roślin na stan mikrobiologiczny nasion. Dlatego celem niniejszej pracy było zbadanie wpływu naturalnego biostymulatora, opartego na ekstrakcie z wodorostów i wolnych aminokwasach, na zasiedlenie nasion soi przez drobnoustroje. Jakość mikrobiologiczna nasion jest niezmiernie ważna dla przemysłowego ich wykorzystania. W artykule przedstawiono również wyniki identyfikacji dominujących bakterii i grzybów występujących na nasionach soi Glycine max (L.) Merr. Badania polowe przeprowadzono w latach 2014-2016. W okresie wegetacji zastosowano biostymulator oparty na ekstrakcie z alg brunatnych (Ascophyllum nodosum) i aminokwasach pochodzenia roślinnego (alanina, glicyna, seryna, walina, arginina, cysteina, hydroksyprolina, lizyna, metionina, fenyloalanina, tyrozyna, prolina, treonina, i inne). Biostymulator stosowano w czterech kombinacjach: jednokrotne opryskiwanie w stężeniu 0,1% i 0,2% w fazie BBCH 13-15 i dwukrotne opryskiwanie w fazach BBCH 13-15 i BBCH 61 a otrzymane wyniki porównywano z obiektem kontrolnym, w którym do opryskiwania roślin stosowano czystą wodę. Przeprowadzone badania dowiodły, że aplikacja naturalnego biostymulatora, ograniczyła liczebność drobnoustrojów na nasionach soi. Stwierdzono, iż liczba bakterii oraz grzybów zasiedlających nasiona soi uległa redukcji w stosunku do obiektu kontrolnego w zależności od liczby aplikacji oraz stężenia zastosowanego w uprawie biostymulatora. W zasiedleniu nasion przez drobnoustroje przeważały bakterie – 86%, natomiast tylko 14% stanowiły grzyby. Spośród zidentyfikowanych bakterii dominującym był rodzaj Bacillus, wśród grzybów natomiast Aspergillus sp. oraz Penicillium ssp. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań, aplikacja biostymulatora ograniczyła liczebność drobnoustrojów. W związku z powyższym nasuwa się wniosek, iż wnikliwa obserwacja roślin i znajomość drobnoustrojów, które je zasiedlają pozwalają na odpowiednio wczesne reagowanie i ochronę roślin poprzez stosowanie m.in. biostymulatorów.

EN

The production of safe and high quality food in a way that protects the natural environment is now associated with the use of biostimulants in agricultural crops. In practice, it is difficult to ensure effective protection of plants against various types of abiotic factors. In addition, modern agriculture strives to reduce the use of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products for natural products. In soya cultivation, bacterial and fungal pathogens are extremely dangerous, their occurrence depends not only on weather conditions, resistance of varieties but also on some agrotechnical treatments. Therefore, regulators of plant growth and development may respond to the challenges and problems in soybeans cultivation. In the available literature, there is few information on the impact of the use of regulators of plant growth and development on the microbiological state of seeds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a natural biostimulant, based on the extract from seaweed and free amino acids, on the colonization of soybeans by microorganisms. The microbiological quality of seeds is extremely important for their industrial use. The article also presents the results of identification of dominant bacteria and fungi occurring on the soybean seeds Glycine max (L.) Merr. Field experiments were conducted in the years 2014-2016. During the growing season a biostimulant based on the extract of brown algae (Ascophyllum nodosum) and amino acids of plant origin (alanine, glycine, serine, valine, arginine, cysteine, hydroxyproline, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline, threonine, and others) was used. The biostimulant was used in four combinations: single spraying at a concentration of 0.1% and 0.2% in the phase BBCH 13-15 and twice spraying in phases BBCH 13-15 and BBCH 61 and the obtained results were compared with a control combination in which to spray plants only water was used. The conducted research proved that the application of a natural biostimulant reduced the number of microorganisms on soybeans. It was found that the number of bacteria and fungi colonizing soybeans was reduced compared to the control depending on the number of applications and the concentration of biostimulant used in the cultivation. In microbial seeding, bacteria predominated – 86%, while only 14% were fungi. Among the identified bacteria, the dominant type was Bacillus, among the fungi Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium ssp. The results obtained from the conducted research, the biostimulant application limited the number of microorganisms. In connection with the above, the conclusion is that thorough observation of plants and knowledge of microorganisms that inhabit them allowed for early response and protection of plants through the use of, among others, biostimulants.

15

Evaluation of Germination of Soybeans Treated with Natural Environment-Friendly Extracts Depending on the Method of their Application

Piekutowska M., Szparaga A.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2018

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Tom 20, cz. 1

375--391

EN

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most popular crop species in the world, which supplies raw material for the production of commercial fodder in Poland, as well as throughout the European Union. Unfortunately, climatic conditions and available varieties of soybeans and few preparations registered in plant protection are the main reason for low production in EU countries. The subject of the following study is examining the reaction of three varieties of soybeans (Glycine max L.): Abelina, Augusta, Merlin on natural seed treatments in the form of macerates, decoctions and infusions of Aesculus hippocastanum L. flowers. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse facility belonging to Research Centre for Cultivar Testing, Experimental Station of Varieties Testing in Karzniczka (φ = 54°29', λ = 17°14', H = 80 m above sea level) in Pomeranian voivodship. In the greenhouse test, lasting 16 days the average number of sprouted plants were determined after applying water extracts and coefficients: Pieper and Maguire's. Two combinations of extracts were used: 24 h treatment in macerates, decoctions and infusions, followed by soil seeding and distilled water seeding using untreated seeds, while simultaneously dispensing herbal extracts. The control combination were seeds untreated with preparations. The soil used in the experiment was collected in June from the arable layer (0-20 cm) of organic oat field. The forecrop was organic narrow-leafed lupine. During the 16 days of the experiment, the temperature and humidity conditions were controlled. The results of the greenhouse experiment showed that the seeds of selected soybean varieties sprouted better and faster when treated directly during seeding (soil application). The use of extracts "per seeds" limited emergence of soybean. For the two tested varieties- Abelina and Merlin, a significant effect of the seed treatment form on the obtained results in the experiment was also demonstrated. The best emergence was observed in the Merlin variety, when its seeds soaked in distilled water and the extracts were applied directly to the soil. Further research is needed to identify the bioactive compounds contained in the aqueous extracts and assess the effectiveness of the soil application of the extracts under field conditions. The conducted research is extremely important from the point of view of agricultural practice and environmental protection.

PL

Soja (Glycine max L.) jest ważnym surowcem do produkcji pasz przemysłowych zarówno w Polsce, jak i w całej Unii Europejskiej. Niestety warunki klimatyczne, dostępne odmiany soi oraz mała podaż preparatów zarejestrowanych w tej uprawie to główna przyczyna niewielkiej produkcji w krajach UE. Przedmiotem niniejszych badań była reakcja trzech odmian soi (Glycine max L.): Abelina, Augusta, Merlin na naturalne, wodne zaprawy nasienne sporządzone w formie maceratu, wywaru i naparu na bazie suszu z kwiatów kasztanowca zwyczajnego (Aesculus hippocastanum L.). Doświadczenie zostało założone latem w obiekcie szklarniowym należącym do Centralnego Ośrodka Badania Odmian Roślin Uprawnych, Stacji Doświadczalnej Oceny Odmian w Karzniczce (φ = 54°29', λ = 17°14', H = 80 m n.p.m), zlokalizowanej w województwie pomorskim. W teście szklarniowym przez 16 dni określono średnią liczbę wzeszłych roślin po użyciu wyciągów wodnych. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników obliczono dwa współczynniki: Piepera i Maguiera. Zastosowano dwie kombinacje aplikacji ekstraktów: dobowe zaprawianie w maceratach, wywarach i naparach, a następnie wysiew do gleby oraz wysiew moczonych w wodzie destylowanej ale niezaprawionych nasion przy jednoczesnym, ręcznym dozowaniu ziołowego wyciągu. Kombinację kontrolną stanowiły nasiona nie traktowane preparatami, moczone przed dobę w wodzie destylowanej. Wykorzystaną w eksperymencie glebę pobrano w czerwcu z warstwy ornej (0-20 cm) spod uprawy owsa ekologicznego. Przedplonem dla owsa był ekologiczny łubin wąskolistny. Podczas 16 dni eksperymentu kontrolowano warunki temperatury i wilgotności. Wyniki eksperymentu szklarniowego wykazały, że nasiona wybranych odmian soi kiełkowały lepiej i szybciej, gdy zaprawiano je bezpośrednio podczas siewu (aplikacja doglebowa). Stosowanie ekstraktów „na nasiona” ograniczyło kiełkowanie i wschody soi. Dla dwóch testowanych odmian- Abeliny i Merlina, wykazano także istotny wpływ formy zaprawy na uzyskane wyniki w doświadczeniu. Najlepsze wschody zaobserwowano u odmiany Merlin, gdy jej nasiona moczono w wodzie destylowanej a ekstrakty aplikowano punktowo do gleby. Hamowanie kiełkowania i wschodów soi zaobserwowano po dobowym moczeniu nasion w ekstraktach w większości kombinacji doświadczalnych. Konieczne są dalsze badania w celu zidentyfikowania związków bioaktywnych zawartych w wodnych ekstraktach i ocena skuteczności aplikacji doglebowej preparatów w warunkach polowych. Przedstawione badania są niezwykle ważne z punktu widzenia praktyki rolniczej i ochrony środowiska. Poszukiwanie naturalnych metod zaprawiania nasion jest doskonałą okazją dla rolnictwa ekologicznego, gdzie nie dopuszcza się do stosowania zapraw syntetycznych.

16

Rynek ryb i owoców morza w UE - surowce dla konsumpcji i przetwórstwa

Bykowski P. J.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2018

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T. 72, nr 9

14--19

PL

Rynek ryb i owoców morza krajów UE28 jest coraz bardziej uzależniony od importu surowców, praktycznie co druga ryba na europejskim stole jest importowana. Coraz większa popularność żywności pochodzenia morskiego i z akwakultury, i to nie tylko w krajach Europy i Stanach Zjednoczonych, powoduje istotny wzrost cen tych surowców – przykładem może być łosoś atlantycki. Konieczne są znacznie większe niż obecnie wysiłki międzynarodowej społeczności, aby doprowadzić do znacznie lepszego gospodarowania żywymi zasobamimórz, tak aby utrzymać konsumpcję na dzisiejszym poziomie.

EN

The market of fish and other sea foodin the EU is constantly more dependent on the import of raw material making every second fish on the European table imported. The constantly growing popularity of sea and aquaculture food not only in the EU but also in the USA creates a significant price increase for those raw materials, i.e. the Atlantic Salmon. The international community is required to significantly increase its efforts to improve the management of the living resources of the sea in order to maintain their consumption at the current level.

17

Assessment of the CROPWAT 8.0 software reliability for evapotranspiration and crop water requirements calculations

Vozhehova R. A., Lavrynenko Y. O., Kokovikhin S. V., Lykhovyd P. V., Biliaieva I. M., Drobitko A. V., Nesterchuk V. V.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2018

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no. 39

147--152

EN

The results of the study devoted to assessment of accuracy and reliability of the CROPWAT 8.0 software application calculations of the evapotranspiration and crop water requirements are represented in the article. The study was based on the results of the perennial field experiments, conducted during the period from 2012 to 2017 at the irrigated lands of the South of Ukraine with different crops, namely: sweet corn, grain corn, soybean, sorghum. We assessed accuracy of the CROPWAT 8.0 software application by the comparison of the calculated values with the real ones. We determined considerable differences between the calculated crops evapotranspiration values and crops irrigation requirements and the real ones obtained in the field experiments. The difference was the most essential in case of the dripirrigated sweet corn crop and averaged to 46.05% for evapotranspiration and 89.20% for irrigation water requirements, correspondingly. Overhead sprinkler irrigated crops are likely to be more suitable for accurate evapotranspiration prediction by using the CROPWAT 8.0. The slightest discrepancy between the calculated and actual values of the studied parameters were determined on the overhead sprinkler irrigated grain corn crops, where the differences averaged just to 15.86% for evapotranspiration and 41.63% for irrigation norm. The results of the study gave us an opportunity to conclude that CROPWAT 8.0 software application should not be used without previous calibration and adjustment of the crop coefficients for the concrete agricultural production conditions.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań poświęconych ocenie dokładności i wiarygodności obliczeń ewapotranspiracji i zapotrzebowania roślin na wodę z zastosowaniem programu CROPWAT 8.0. Podstawą badań były wyniki wieloletniego eksperymentu polowego prowadzonego od 2012 do 2017 r. na nawadnianych polach południowej Ukrainy z różnymi uprawami: kukurydzy cukrowej, kukurydzy zwykłej, soi i sorgo. Oceniono dokładność wyników uzyskanych za pomocą CROPWAT 8.0 przez porównanie wartości obliczonych z wartościami rzeczywistymi. Stwierdzono znaczne różnice między obliczonymi wartościami ewapotranspiracji upraw i ich zapotrzebowaniem na wodę a wartościami rzeczywistymi z eksperymentów polowych. Największe różnice stwierdzono w przypadku kroplowo nawadnianych upraw kukurydzy cukrowej i wynosiły one 46,05% w odniesieniu do ewapotranspiracji i 89,20% do zapotrzebowania na wodę do nawodnień. Obliczenia ewapotranspiracji za pomocą CROPWAT 8.0 były bardziej dokładne w odniesieniu do upraw nawadnianych deszczowniami. Najmniejszą rozbieżność między obliczonymi a rzeczywistymi wartościami badanych parametrów stwierdzono w przypadku deszczowanych upraw kukurydzy zwykłej, gdzie różnice wynosiły 15,86% w odniesieniu do ewapotranspiracji i 41,63% do norm nawadniania. Wyniki badań dają podstawy do wnioskowania, że CROPWAT 8.0 nie powinien być stosowany bez wstępnej kalibracji i dostosowania współczynników upraw do konkretnych warunków produkcji rolniczej.

18

Application of artificial neural networks to analyze the emergence of soybean seeds after applying herbal treatments

Niedbała G., Piekutowska M., Rudowicz-Nawrocka J., Adamski M., Wojciechowski T., Herkowiak M., Szparaga A., Czechowska-Kosacka A.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 63, nr 4

145--149

EN

The aim of the following work is to indicate factors which significantly affect the emergence of selected soybean varieties after application of natural herbal extracts based on - Levisticum officinale L., Ribes nigrum L., Matricaria chamomilla L., as wet seed treatments using two methods of treatment. The research material included seeds treated for 24 hours in macerats, decoctions and infusions made from the above herb species as well as untreated seeds, seeded together with preparations in point application. Untreated seeds were used as the control group. The experiment was being conducted for 16 days in a greenhouse facility belonging to the COBORU Experimental Station for Variety Testing in Karzniczka. The assessed parameter referred to the percentage of soybean seedlings emergence ability determined based on the number of emerged plants. Indication of the importance of factors in shaping soybean emergence and considering their rank was possible due to the sensitivity analysis of the generated neural network with the MLP architecture 4:4-13-5-1:1 with two hidden layers. All analyzed factors of the experiment significantly shaped the ability of soybean emergence, with the following order: cultivar, application method, herb species from which the extract was made, form of preparation.

PL

Celem pracy było wskazanie czynników istotnie wpływających na wschody wybranych odmian soi po zastosowaniu naturalnych ekstraktów wodnych na bazie ziół - Levisticum officinale L., Ribes nigrum L., Matricaria chamomilla L., jako zapraw nasiennych na mokro z wykorzystaniem dwóch sposobów zaprawiania. Materiał badawczy stanowiły nasiona zaprawiane przez dobę w maceratach, wywarach i naparach sporządzonych z powyższych gatunków ziół oraz nasiona niezaprawiane, wysiewane łącznie z aplikacją punktową preparatów. Za obiekt kontrolny przyjęto nasiona niezaprawiane. Eksperyment prowadzono przez 16 dni w obiekcie szklarniowych należącym do Stacji Doświadczalnej Oceny Odmian COBORU w Karzniczce. Parametrem poddanym ocenie była procentowa zdolność wschodów siewek soi określana na podstawie liczby wzeszłych roślin. Wskazanie istotności czynników w kształtowaniu zdolności wschodów soi oraz uwzględnienie ich rangi było możliwe dzięki analizie wrażliwości wytworzonej sieci neuronowej o architekturze MLP 4:4-13-5-1:1 z dwoma ukrytymi warstwami. Wszystkie analizowane czynniki doświadczenia znacząco kształtowały zdolność wschodów soi, a ich waga miała następującą kolejność: odmiana, sposób aplikacji preparatu, gatunek zioła, z którego sporządzono ekstrakt, forma preparatu.

19

Soybean seedlings enriched with iron and magnesium - impact on germination, growth and antioxidant properties

Chmielowska-Bąk J., Zinicovscaia I., Frontasyeva M., Milczarek A., Micheli S., Vysochanska M., Deckert J.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2018

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Vol. 25, nr 4

631--641

EN

Iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) deficiency in human diets is a widespread problem observed in various regions of the world. Insufficient Fe uptake results in the development of iron dependent anaemia and depressed physical and intellectual performance. In turn Mg deficiency is associated with alterations in neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems. An emerging alternative to traditional supplementation of these elements in the form of pills, liquids or effervescent tablets, is introduction of fortified food products. In present study we show that preincubation of soybean seeds in Fe and Mg solutions leads to elevated content of these elements in the seedlings. Importantly the pretreatment did not affect germination rate, seedlings growth or, with an exception of Fe supplementation at highest concentration, antioxidant capacity. The obtained results indicate that preincubation of seeds in Fe and Mg solutions may be a promising method of obtaining enriched soybean sprouts.

20

Response of pulses to seed or soil application of rhizobial inoculants

Martyniuk S., Kozieł M., Gałązka A.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2018

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Vol. 25, nr 2

323--342

EN

In micro-plot experiments growth, nodulation and seed yields of pea, yellow lupine and soybean grown in a soil colonized by high populations of pea and lupine rhizobia and low population of soybean rhizobia as influenced by seed or soil application of rhizobial inoculants were studied. The studied inoculation method had no significant effects on root nodule numbers, plant growth at the flowering stage and on seed yields of pea and yellow lupine in comparison to uninoculated control treatments. In the case of soybean seed and soil inoculation with soybean rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) resulted in a significant increase of nodulation intensity, fresh and dry mass of shoots at the flowering stage as well as pod numbers and soybean seed yields at harvest. Soybean grown on plots in which soil was inoculated with the symbiotic bacteria gave seed yield by about 57 % higher as compared to that of soybean grown from seed inoculated with the rhizobia and by 169 % higher than when this crop was grown on the control (uninoculated) plots.