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1

Assessment of the role of social capital in stimulating economic development depending on the country's income level

Majewska Maria, Nieżurawska Joanna, Duarte Nelson

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 193

35--62

EN

Purpose: Assessing the impact of eleven components of social capital (SC) on economic development depending on the country's income level. Design/methodology/approach: The research covered 96 countries. They were divided in three groups composed of 32 economies, i.e., low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. The impact of eleven elements of SC was examined in the period 2008-2020. The economic development measures were GDP pc and GNI pc. The research methods were the Spearman's rank correlation and cluster analysis. Findings: Social capital in high-income countries is a more important factor in increasing economic development compared to low-income and middle-income countries. In three income groups, the same four components of SC are statistically significant and positive: government effectiveness as defined by the World Bank, reliance on professional management, state of cluster development and willingness to delegate authority. These dimensions of social capital can be called strategic success factors on the road to prosperity. Research limitations/implications: The main limitations are the availability of data on larger groups of countries over a sufficient long time and obtainig free access to more detailed social capital indicators. In the future, the authors intend to focus on the links between various components of SC occurring at different stages of economic development. This knowledge should help to formulate more precise guidelines for planning policies of improving SC in private and public sectors. Social implications: The research results indicate that such dimension of SC as honesty, egalitarianism, equality of treatment, and democratic decision making should be adopted as patterns of behaviour in both private and public sectors and in cooperation between them. Without this, social development, which includes economic development, cannot be accelerated. This happens because it is reflected in improving the effectiveness of organisational arrangements applied at the national level and in companies. Originality/value: There is still a need for more comprehensive research on the impact of social capital on economic development. In response to this need, this study examined eleven components of SC. The hope is that this research approach will result in a more holistic view of how social capital can influence economic development.

2

Socio-institutional conditions and the development and competitiveness of the region

Tuziak Arkadiusz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 174

371--386

EN

Purpose: The main objective of the article is to describe and analyze the selected regional socio-institutional circumstances and to identify the way and extent of their impact on the development and competitiveness of the region. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses a method of targeted analysis of source literature in the wider field of regional studies. The subject-matter of the article covers issues of social capital, the role of the university in the development of the region, the role of public institutions and public policies, and innovation in terms of development and increased competitiveness of the region. Social implications. The impact of the characteristics and analyzes contained in the article may be highlighted in the field of public policies implemented by local authorities, in particular as regards greater awareness of the role of soft, endogenous development factors in the form of social capital, the sphere of science and knowledge, the quality of public administration and the stimulation of regional innovation. Originality/value. The value of the article is to identify and analyze how and to what extent the socio-institutional factors chosen affect the development and competitiveness of the region. The review of these issues and the general and synthetic considerations carried out are part of the development of regional studies, highlighting the importance of internal, social resources and potential influencing the direction and pace of development of the region.

3

Social capital of Kłodzko County – implications for the security of the region and its inhabitants

Książek Sylwia

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2023

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Vol. 55, No. 1(207)

57--68

EN

For more than two decades, the social capital theory has attracted interest in the fields of sociology, political science and economics. Its various theoretical and empirical approaches invariably explain new and often hidden phenomena arising at the interface between institutional society and the economy. Its essence is trust built on relationships between people and between people and institutions that are the pillars for shaping security, in the broadest sense of the term, as well as the feeling of security among citizens. Social capital is also a scientific category requiring constant reconstruction and permanent attention in relation to changing social, cultural, political and economic realities. The primary (cognitive) aim of this article is to identify the characteristics of the social capital of Kłodzko County, its peculiarities and implications for the security of the region and its citizens (not only in the social dimension).

PL

Teoria kapitału społecznego od ponad dwóch dekad budzi zainteresowanie zarówno w obszarze socjologii, politologii, jak i ekonomii. Jego różne ujęcia teoretyczne i empiryczne niezmiennie wyjaśniają nowe, często ukryte zjawiska powstające na styku społeczeństwa instytucji i gospodarki. Jego istotą jest zaufanie budowane na relacjach ludzi z ludźmi oraz ludzi z instytucjami stanowiącymi filary kształtowania szeroko pojmowanego bezpieczeństwa i jego poczucia wśród obywateli. Kapitał społeczny to również kategoria naukowa wymagająca nieustannej rekonstrukcji i permanentnej uwagi w związku ze zmieniającą się rzeczywistością społeczną, kulturową, polityczną i gospodarczą. Głównym (poznawczym) celem artykułu jest identyfikacja cech kapitału społecznego powiatu kłodzkiego, jego specyfiki oraz implikacji z bezpieczeństwem (nie tylko społecznym) regionu i jego obywateli.

4

Social capital and digital transformation of startups in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of human capital and access to resources

Nguyen Thi Thuy Quynh, Ghi Tran Nha, Nguyen Tan Trung

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2023

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nr 1 (31)

33--42

EN

Based on social network theory, the study explained the digital transformation process of startups in Vietnam during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study examined the relationship between social capital, human capital, access to resources, and digital transformation of startups in Vietnam. The study used Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with a sample size of 230 startups managers. The results show that there are positive and statistically significant relationships between social capital, human capital, access to resources, and digital transformation. The results also reveal the partial mediating roles of access to resources and human capital in the relationship between social capital and digital transformation. The results proposed some managerial implications for startups managers in building relationship networks with stakeholders such as government agencies and business partners (customers, competitors, suppliers, and providers of digital platform services). Through managers' social capital, accessible resources and the improvement of human capital have accelerated digital transformation for startups to escape the crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the study presented some limitations and directions for further research.

5

Social capital and digital transformation of startups in Vietnam: the mediating role of access to resources

Nguyen Dat Hoang Anh, Tran Ghi Nha, Tran Khoa Dang, Nguyen Thach Ha

Management

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2023

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Vol. 27, no. 1

184--200

EN

The purpose of this study is to use social capital theory to explain how startups in Vietnam undergo the digital transformation process. The study investigates the connection between social capital, resource access, and digital transformation in Vietnamese startups. 230 managers were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Model (PLS-SEM). The study found a positive correlation between social capital, resource access, and digital transformation. Additionally, the study looked at the role of resource access as a mediator between social capital and digital transformation. The findings of this study hold immense importance for managers seeking to establish social capital with stakeholders, including government agencies, customers, competitors, and suppliers in the digital platform services industry. Leveraging social capital can increase managers’ access to crucial resources, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study acknowledges its limitations and identifies areas for future research.

6

Social capital as a factor of development of a smart city

Bylok Felicjan

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 160

129--147

EN

Purpose: Social capital constitutes an important factor in the development of a smart city. The adoption of this assumption facilitated the formulation three research questions: In what sphere do the city inhabitants participate in social networks? What is the level of trust shown to neighbours that create the local community? To what degree does the scope of information on the activities on behalf of the local community have an impact on their active participation? Design/methodology/approach: The assumed goal was executed thanks to the application of the method of critical analysis of literary sources and the use of the survey method that served to identify the indicators of social capital in the context of the implementation of the principal assumptions of a smart city. Findings: The findings of empirical research indicate that the level of social capital in the analysed city constitutes a significant barrier in terms of the development of a smart city. Structural capital in the form of neighbourly ties, which are usually restricted to five people, restricts the scope of neighbourly ties. Low relational capital, namely trust has a negative impact on the level of involvement of inhabitants in social initiatives. Engagement in urban social issues is dependent on the knowledge of social initiatives in the area of the district where they live. The application of information and communication technologies (ICT) increases the scope of information about projects and events organized in the city. Research limitations: The acquired research findings with regard to their quantitative nature (survey research) constitutes the basis for the limited findings. Practical implications: The research findings provide knowledge on the subject matter of the level of the existence of social capital and its barrier to development, which may serve the preparation of new solutions in the policies of a smart city. Social implications: The research findings presented in this paper indicate the need to use information and communication technologies in the creation of social capital in the city. Originality/value: The research findings, in a cognitive sense, lead to becoming familiar with the role of social capital in the development of a smart city.

7

Social capital and resilience of public governance networks

Sienkiewicz-Małyjurek Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 157

483--495

EN

Purpose: This article attempts to identify the impact of social capital factors on the resilience of governance networks. Design/methodology/approach: Achieving the research goal is based on the questionnaire survey conducted among 199 public servants in Polish counties examined with the stepwise regression analysis. Findings: The results point out that the importance of social capital is different, depending on the resilience dimension. When considering coping with threats only, relational dimensions of social capital are of fundamental importance. In adaptation to new operating conditions, the relational dimension still dominates, but a structural dimension factor also appears. When resilience links to transformation, all types of social capital are needed. Originality/value: These results add value to resilience theory in public governance by identifying the impact of social capital on the resilience of public governance networks.

8

Correlations between trust, cooperation, norms and values in high-tech enterprises in Wielkopolska region

Libertowska Andżelika

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 158

369--381

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to analyze the results of research on the interdependencies between cooperation, trust, as well as norms and values, as key elements of social capital in high-tech enterprises in Wielkopolska Region. Design/methodology/approach: The analyzes carried out covered 51 enterprises belonging to advanced technology industries, including 41 small and 10 medium-sized ones. The research was conducted using the interview method, using a questionnaire and supported by the CATI technique. The obtained data were subject to further analysis and statistical inference. They consisted in determining the mutual dependencies for the three resources of social capital, i.e. trust, norms and values as well as cooperation (jointly creating the social capital of these enterprises) and their components. The relationships were determined based on the calculated Pearson's linear correlation coefficients. Findings: Based on the conducted analyzes, it is legitimate to conclude that the designated level of cooperation, norms, values and trust are closely related. For all combinations of the indicated resources, the determined Pearson's linear correlation coefficients are statistically significant with a probability of 0.05. Also, many combinations of the components of these resources are correlated with each other. Practical implications: The application dimension of the article is perceived in at least two possibilities. Firstly, for business representatives, it can be a valuable source of information on the key factors in the appreciation of social capital in a company. Secondly, on the basis of the calculated correlations, the article gives the opportunity to review the most important relationships between these components, which may also be useful from the point of view of the appreciation of social capital in the enterprise. It is also worth emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature by combining the scientific and application aspect, which can be used at the level of company management. Originality/value: This work deals with an original approach to social capital, both due to the conceptualization of the concept of social capital and its components, as well as the interrelationships between its components. It is also worth emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of the work, combining the scientific and application aspects that can be used at the level of company management. Moreover, the methodology described in the research process may be used in enterprises operating in industries other than high-tech.

9

Exploring the social norms nexus-youth participation, effective leadership, institutional cooperation and social capital in SMEs

Yunani Ahmad

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2022

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Vol. 25, No. 2

411--422

EN

The current research aims to investigate the impact of youth participation, effective leadership and institutional cooperation on the social capital of the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. The investigation of moderating impact of social norms among the nexus of youth participation, effective leadership, institutional cooperation and social capital of the SMEs in Indonesia is also included in the goals of the present study. This research has employed the primary data collection methods and used structured questionnaire. The data have been collected from the employees of SMEs who deal with people of the society. The results indicated that youth participation, effective leadership and institutional cooperation have a positive association with the social capital of the SMEs in Indonesia. The findings also exposed that social norms significantly moderate the relations of youth participation, effective leadership and institutional cooperation of the SMEs in Indonesia.

PL

Obecne badania mają na celu zbadanie wpływu uczestnictwa młodzieży, skutecznego przywództwa i współpracy instytucjonalnej na kapitał społeczny małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw (MŚP) w Indonezji. Badanie moderującego wpływu norm społecznych na ogniwa uczestnictwa młodzieży, efektywnego przywództwa, współpracy instytucjonalnej i kapitału społecznego MŚP w Indonezji jest również zawarte w celach niniejszego badania. W badaniu wykorzystano metody zbierania danych pierwotnych oraz kwestionariusz ustrukturyzowany. Dane zostały zebrane od pracowników MŚP, którzy mają do czynienia z ludźmi społeczeństwa. Wyniki wskazują, że uczestnictwo młodzieży, skuteczne przywództwo i współpraca instytucjonalna mają pozytywny związek z kapitałem społecznym MŚP w Indonezji. Wyniki ujawniły również, że normy społeczne znacząco moderują relacje uczestnictwa młodzieży, skutecznego przywództwa i współpracy instytucjonalnej MŚP w Indonezji.

10

Social capital development amongst college and university students in online and classroom education

Aun Wong Teik, Liang Kevin Tan Tee, Darmaraj Sheila Rose, Khun Joshua Loo Teck, Hong Alex Ng Hou

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2022

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Vol. 34

1--5

EN

Social capital is linked to academic performance and education satisfaction, and also forms the foundation of students' future business networks. It is postulated that social capital development amongst college and university students is influenced by education delivery modes in the form of online and classroom education. The Covid-19 pandemic that started in March 2022 and subsequent prolonged periods of physical lockdowns in many countries has forced colleges and universities that customarily practice classroom education to shift to online education temporarily. This situation has created a ``natural experiment'' whereby classes or programs from the same college or university that were previously conducted in classrooms (in-person) are now conducted online. There are three (3) objectives of this research. First objective is to investigate and determine the social capital development of students in online education. Second objective is to analyse the influence of social capital on students' academic success and education satisfaction. Third objective is to generate and propose policies to foster social capital development. A quantitative research approach is employed and the respondent pool comprises students from colleges and universities in Malaysia. The data gathering instrument is an online questionnaire administered with the informed consent of participants. Approximately 300 participants is targeted, which exceeds the statistical minimum requirement of 166 participants. This enhanced respondent pool will further strengthen the accuracy, validity and robustness of the data analysis, findings and recommendations. The variables include Family Capital, Faculty Capital, Peer Capital, Academic Performance and Education Satisfaction. The data will be analyzed with appropriate statistical tools such as structural equation modeling (SEM). The anticipated findings are envisaged to generate policies on promoting social capital development among students in colleges and universities internationally.

11

Idea lokalnych liderów bezpieczeństwa jako istotny komponent kształtowania kultury bezpieczeństwa społeczności lokalnych

Wojakowska Monika

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2021

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Nr 80 (tom 1)

95--115

PL

Kształtowanie kultury bezpieczeństwa jest przestrzenią stwarzającą nowe możliwości kreowania współczesnego środowiska bezpieczeństwa. Wysoki jej poziom gwarantuje wysoki poziom gotowości zarówno jednostki, jak i grup społecznych w obliczu różnego typu zagrożeń. Mając na względzie potrzebę i zasadność kształtowania kultury bezpieczeństwa społeczności lokalnych, w artykule zaprezentowano autorską koncepcję idei lokalnych liderów bezpieczeństwa jako istotnego komponentu tego procesu. Doceniając działania prewencyjne, pokazano kilka praktycznych narzędzi kształtowania kultury bezpieczeństwa inicjowanych i koordynowanych właśnie przez lokalnych liderów bezpieczeństwa. Podkreślono również istotę zaangażowania i współodpowiedzialności wszystkich podmiotów tworzących system bezpieczeństwa. Wykazano celowość wdrażania procesu zarządzania zmianą zwłaszcza w obszarze zarządzania bezpieczeństwem lokalnym. Zaproponowany model kształtowania kultury bezpieczeństwa społeczności lokalnych promuje zatem ideę optymalnego i racjonalnego wykorzystywania potencjału poszczególnych podsystemów tworzących system bezpieczeństwa RP.

EN

Shaping the culture of security is a sphere that creates new opportunities for creating a contemporary security environment. Its high level guarantees a high level of readiness of both individuals and social groups to face various types of threats. Considering the need and validity of shaping the security culture of local communities, the article presents the author’s concept of the idea of local security leaders as an important component of this process. Appreciating the preventive actions, the article presents several practical tools to shape the safety culture initiated and coordinated by local safety leaders. It also emphasised the importance of the involvement and co-responsibility of all actors in the security system. The advisability of implementing a change management process was demonstrated, especially in the area of local security management. The proposed model of shaping the security culture of local communities therefore promotes the idea of optimal and rational use of the potential offered by individual subsystems that form the security system of the Republic of Poland.

12

Działalność organizacji pozarządowych – szansa czy wyzwanie w kształtowaniu kultury bezpieczeństwa?

Wróblewska Ada, Wojakowska Monika

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2021

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Nr 77 (tom 1)

133--158

PL

Opracowanie poświęcone jest problematyce kultury bezpieczeństwa oraz działającym w tym obszarze organizacjom pozarządowym. Mając na uwadze fakt, że źródłem sukcesu każdego przedsięwzięcia są ludzie i ich świadome zaangażowanie uznano, że w procesie wdrażania zmian, takich jak kształtowanie odpowiednich postaw życiowych i moralnych, kluczowym działaniem jest praca zespołowa ludzi z pasją i jasno sprecyzowaną misją. Idealnym rozwiązaniem przy realizacji wspomnianej idei jest aktywność organizacji pozarządowych. Trzeci sektor jest wiodącym podmiotem, który swoje założenia realizuje za sprawą ludzi dobrej woli, zdeterminowanych do osiągnięcia celu i zrealizowania opracowanych programów wdrożeniowych. Osób zaangażowanych w realizację przedsięwzięć trzeciego sektora jest wciąż mało, mimo iż nie brakuje poparcia społecznego wobec ich ideowych założeń. Dlatego tak ważne jest propagowanie idei organizacji pozarządowych. Celem głównym artykułu jest ukazanie wartości i siły sprawczej organizacji trzeciego sektora w kształtowaniu kultury bezpieczeństwa. Pośrednim zaś celem jest rozpropagowanie idei budowania kapitału społecznego poprzez zaangażowanie obywateli i chęć partycypacji przy współtworzeniu kultury bezpieczeństwa w skali mikro i makro.

EN

The present paper elaborates on the issue of the security culture and non-governmental organisations (in short: NGOs) that fulfil this mission. Given the fact that people and their full and conscious involvement are essential for the success of any project, it has been assumed that in the process of changes, such as for example the shaping of appropriate life-related and moral attitudes, team work of people with passion and having a clearly specified mission is of critical importance. A perfect solution for the implementation of the above-mentioned concept is the activity of non-government organisations. The third sector is a leading entity that implements its assumptions with the assistance of people of good will, focused on their purpose and implementation of the developed implementation programmes. There is still an insufficient number of people involved in implementation of third sector projects, despite the fact that there is no lack of social support for their conceptual assumptions. That makes the propagation of ideas of non-government organisations so important. The main objective of the paper is to present the value and the agency of non-governmental organisations in the process of emergence of the security culture. An intermediate objective is propagating the concept of building social capital by involving the citizens and their willingness to participate in the process of shaping the security culture in the micro and macro scale.

13

Impact of social capital on health safety during the SARS-CoV-2 flu pandemic

Bylok Felicjan

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2021

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Vol. 3, nr 1

304--311

EN

This paper describes the role of social capital in terms of stimulating activities aimed at improving health safety in times of the Covid 19 pandemic. Ensuring health safety constitutes one of the fundamental aims of every health care system, which is executed by means of multiple institutions associated with health care, as well as through collective action. Social capital stimulates collective action with the aim of stopping the spread of the pandemic. The aim of this paper is to search for ties between social capital and the spread of the pandemic in Poland. As a result of empirical research, it was established that strong social capital had a significant impact on the lower number of Covid-19 infections in provinces in Poland. Simultaneously, this impact is dependent on the level of infections in society. The greater the number of Covid-19 infections, the less social capital restricts the spread of the pandemic.

14

Exploring crisis governance: Quest for functional resilience during COVID-19 in Lithuania

Žilinskas Remigijus, Sakalauskas Leonidas

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2021

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Vol. 53, No. 4(202)

763--798

EN

An effective, timely managed and interoperable governance process and its adaptive features are of the utmost importance in dealing with any type of crisis at the state level. This article explores civil society actors’ engagement in Lithuania to identify the functional resilience level in crisis governance of COVID-19. Social capital and adaptive capacity approaches were employed for theoretical consideration and analysis. We hypothesise that linking social capital is more important for enhancing resilience at the beginning of the crisis, while adaptive capacity gains prominence during and after the crisis. Mixed analysis methods were used in gathering data through content analysis, surveys (standardised questionnaires) and interviews with experts from civic (voluntary and non-governmental) and public (local and central government) sectors. The findings provide novel insights into the importance of civil society actors’ engagement in bolstering functional resilience and embedment of a whole of society approach in crisis goverance during times of uncertainty.

PL

Skuteczny, terminowo realizowany, interoperatywny proces kierowania wraz ze swymi cechami adaptacyjnymi ma kluczowe znaczenie w zwalczaniu skutków każdego rodzaju kryzysu na poziomie państwa. Niniejszy artykuł analizuje zaangażowanie podmiotów społeczeństwa obywatelskiego na Litwie w celu określenia poziomu odporności funkcjonalnej w kierowaniu zarządzaniem kryzysowym związanym z COVID-19. Przedmiotem rozważań teoretycznych i analizy były podejścia oparte na kapitale społecznym i zdolnościach adaptacyjnych. Postawiliśmy hipotezę, że kapitał społeczny jest istotniejszy dla zwiększania odporności na początku kryzysu, natomiast zdolności adaptacyjne zyskują na znaczeniu w trakcie kryzysu oraz po jego zakończeniu. Zastosowano mieszane metody gromadzenia danych: analizę treści, ankiety (standaryzowane kwestionariusze), a także wywiady z ekspertami z sektora obywatelskiego (wolontariat i organizacje pozarządowe) oraz publicznego (władze lokalne i centralne). W wyniku badań uzyskano nowe informacje dotyczące znaczenia zaangażowania podmiotów społeczeństwa obywatelskiego we wzmacnianie odporności funkcjonalnej i osadzenia podejścia obejmującego całe społeczeństwo w kierowaniu zarządzaniem kryzysowym.

15

Investigating the impact of social capital on SC resilience and SC performance

Khoa Vu Dinh, Anh Nguyen Thi Mai

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2021

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Vol. 28

197--200

EN

Despite the importance of social capital (SCt), its influence on supply chain (SC) resilience and performance is not sufficiently understood. The aim of the research is to analyze the relationship between social capital, supply chain resilience and supply chain performance. This paper is survey-based research which used data of 203 firms from Hanoi. The hypothesis model is examined by structural equation modeling. Empirical examinations indicate that social capital positively impacts supply chain resilience and performance. The outcomes of our study could provide a guideline for practitioners on improving the ability of supply chain to cope with changes and help firms avoid disruptions and improve SC performance.

16

Investigating the effect of social capital sub-dimensions on supply chain collaboration

Khoa Vu Dinh, Anh Nguyen Thi Mai

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2021

|

Vol. 28

201--206

EN

The aim of our study is to take a closer look at three dimensions of social capital (SO) and explore the relationship between social capital sub-dimensions and three types of supply chain collaboration. This study provides an in-depth examination of social capital's effect on supply chain collaboration. We developed a comprehensive framework between cognitive, structural and relational capital dimensions and SC collaboration dimensions including information sharing, joint decision making, and benefit/risks sharing. The quantitative method was employed to investigate 249 firms located in Vietnam. The findings of this study provide some important implications for scholars and practitioners to establish and maintain a long-term relationship. The distinguishing between social capital sub-dimensions and collaboration can help managers to design collaborative strategies which will serve for the benefits of the entire supply chain.

17

The problems of sustainable and permanent development in the context of understanding the essence of science

Borowiecki Ryszard, Siuta-Tokarska Barbara

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

|

z. 147

79--90

EN

Purpose: The article refers to the problems of permanent and sustainable development in the context of understanding the essence of science. The aim of the research is to show the existing relationship between sustainable and permanent development as a specific idea and science in its essence. Design/methodology/approach: The methodological frames of the publication were defined taking into consideration the assumed research goals as well as the research questions. Findings: For the research aim the following research questions were formulated: - what does the essence of science express in and what are its pillars? - what does the essence of sustainable and permanent development consist in? - is there a relationship between the problem of sustainable and permanent development and understanding the essence of science? - what should be expected so that science – in its essence – could really contribute to the realisation of the idea of sustainable and permanent development? Practical and social implications: The research is theoretical but takes into consideration available empirical data considering more important changes in natural, social and economic capital in the world, on the basis of which trends in the progress in the application implementation of the idea of sustainable and permanent development are presented. The publication also discusses the connections between the essence of science and its real contribution to putting the idea of the permanent and sustainable development into practice. Originality/value: The model of sustainable and permanent development’ idea in the aspect of the essence of science – pillars and foundations for the construction of the new world.

18

Locality and social capital revival as local development assets in Ukraine: the case of rural areas in Khmelnytskyi region

Synowiec Aleksandra

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 146

487--497

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to discuss the issues of localism and social capital revival as important factors of local and regional development of rural areas in Khmenlytskyi Oblast in Ukraine. The paper shows an anthropological perspective on the processes of social change and overcoming the effects of socialism in the sphere of mentality, attitudes and life orientations local communities. Design/methodology/approach: Presented material refers to the empirical data obtained during fieldwork in the Khmelnytskyi region in 2018. The field study was conducted in three local communities in using ethnographic methods in order to analyze and describe the socio-cultural effects of the political transformation that currently occur in rural areas. The research was based on the practical application of the concept of post-socialism and methodology developed by social anthropologists. Findings: The question of rural areas development concerns the mobilization of local resources and given examples illustrate, that this process has already started in Ukraine. Local communities in rural areas are characterized by a “long duration”, and therefore are relatively resistant to change. Communism legacy is an obstacle, hindering rebuilding subjectivity in former Soviet countries. Overcoming resentments connected with transition applies mainly to inhabitants of rural areas. The ongoing decentralization stimulates locality and social capital renewal. Research limitations/implications: Rural areas in post-Soviet countries as a research area allow to observe both relics of the past and signs of social change. Conducted research made it possible to indicate the behaviors and attitudes characteristic of the previous system, as well as new practices establishing the foundations of civil society. Studies on rural areas development still require many in-depth qualitative and quantitative research. Social implications: The interest in locality as a social phenomenon and a subject of analysis, has been changing. Return to the concept of locality in social sciences is related to the importance of locality in the process of social change – in that way locality becomes a dynamic and global problem associated with the activities of individuals, groups, institutions, policies and social processes. Originality/value: Theoretical and empirical identification of interdependence between factors of “persistence” and “change” in selected local communities in rural areas in Khmenlytskyi Oblast.

19

Wpływ kapitału społecznego mieszkańców na kształtowanie przestrzeni wspólnych w środowisku mieszkaniowym

Cudny Anna

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

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2020

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nr 31

42--54

PL

Ostatnie dwie dekady bieżącego wieku przyniosły wyjątkowo wiele zmian w środowisku zbudowanym. Należą do nich nie tylko zmiany związane bezpośrednio z powstaniem nowej tkanki miejskiej, ale również zmiany postaw społecznych wobec przestrzeni wspólnych związanych ze środowiskiem mieszkaniowym. Miasto przestaje być, tak jak do tej pory, głównie poddawane krytyce, a mieszkańcy swoją roszczeniową postawę co do zagospodarowania przestrzeni, stopniowo zmieniają na współuczestniczącą w procesie jej tworzenia. Mieszkańcy miast chcą mieć realny wpływ na przestrzeń zurbanizowaną, szczególnie tę im najbliższą. Zatem prawo do miasta, nie jest już przywilejem czy obowiązkiem, a staje się potrzebą. Efektem próby realizacji tej potrzeby jest zjawisko, które coraz częściej możemy obserwować w Polsce, a z jakim od wielu lat spotykamy się zagranicą: działania w przestrzeni publicznej zmieniają się w działania na rzecz przestrzeni publicznej. Jednym z ich rodzajów są przekształcenia przestrzeni wspólnych związanych z miejscem zamieszkania – podnoszenie ich jakości estetycznej, zmiany funkcjonalne, modernizacja elementów zagospodarowania. Obserwując liczne przykłady partycypacji społecznej w kształtowaniu przestrzeni publicznych zauważono, iż inicjacja, przebieg oraz efekty podejmowanych działań w dużym stopniu zależą od kapitału społecznego grupy podejmującej aktywność. W związku z powyższym, istnieje potrzeba prowadzenia badań związanych z wzajemną relacją poziomu kapitału społecznego z zagadnieniem kształtowania i zarządzania przestrzenią publiczną przy współudziale lokalnych społeczności, co będzie głównym tematem artykułu. Do zbadania ww. związku użyto metod badań jakościowych: wizji lokalnej, obserwacji nieuczestniczącej, wywiadów fokusowych. To złożyło się na obraz komparatystyki trzech wybranych warszawskich studiów przypadków. Przeanalizowano jepod względem spełnienia wybranych do badań kryteriów jakościowych. Kryteria te wskazane zostały na podstawie Strategii Rozwoju Kapitału Społecznego 2020, będącej jedną z części Średniookresowej Strategii Rozwoju Kraju. Wynikiem przeprowadzonych analiz jest wskazanie czynników pochodzących z wewnątrz grupy użytkowników przestrzeni i czynników zewnętrznych, mających pozytywny i negatywny wpływ na podejmowanie, przeprowadzanie i utrzymywanie efektów zmian w przestrzeniach wspólnych wypracowanych przy współudziale lokalnych społeczności w warunkach polskich. Wnioski posłużyć mogą do ulepszania przyszłych procesów partycypacyjnych związanych z przestrzenią miejską – zarówno ze strony nieprofesjonalistów biorących w nich udział, jak również ekspertów – architektów i urbanistów.

EN

The last two decades of the century have brought unusually many changes in the built environment. These include not only changes directly related to the emergence of a new urban fabric, but also changes in social attitudes towards common spaces located in residential areas. The built environment has never been evaluated so strongly. This assessment translates not only into the everyday outdoor activities of residents (necessary, optional and social activities), but also to economic projects (purchase, sale and rental of real estate). At the same time, the city ceases to be, as it has been so far, mainly subjected to criticism, and the residents are gradually changing their demanding attitude concerning the development of space to participate in the process of its creation. Society wants to have a real impact on urban space, especially on the space closest to them. Thus, the right to the city is no longer a privilege or a duty, but it becomes a need. Trying to meet this need results in a phenomenon which we can increasingly observe in Poland, and which we have been witnessing abroad for many years: activities in public space are changing into activities for public space. They include the transformation of common spaces related to the place of residence—improving their aesthetic quality, functional changes, modernization of development elements. Observing numerous examples of public participation in shaping public spaces, it was noticed that the initiation, course and effects of activities largely depend on the social capital of the group undertaking said activity. Accordingly, there is a need for research on the mutual relation between the level of social capital and the issue of shaping and managing public space with the participation of local communities, which will be the main topic of the paper. To investigate the above-mentioned issue, qualitative research methods were used in relation to the relationship: site visit, non-participant observation and focus interviews. This contributed to a comparative study of three selected Warsaw case studies. They were analysed in terms of meeting the qualitative criteria selected for the study. These criteria have been indicated on the basis of the Social Capital Development Strategy 2020, which is one of the parts of the Medium-Term National Development Strategy. The result of the analyses is an indication of derived factors from within the group of space users and external factors that have a positive and negative impact on initiating, carrying out and maintaining the effects of changes in common spaces developed with the participation of local communities in Polish conditions. The conclusions can be used to improve future participation processes related to urban space - both by non-professionals participating in them, as well as experts - architects and town planners.

20

The role of social capital in the development of smart cities

Kuzior Aleksandra, Sobotka Bartosz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2019

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z. 134

109--119

EN

The article addresses issues related to the development of Smart Cities and Smart Sustainable Cities. The authors draw attention to the important role of social capital, emphasising the participation of citizens in the holistic management of modern Smart City. This approach allows one to show the development of cities in a wide context of sustainable development. The authors refer, inter alia, to Agenda 21, The Future We Want, and international programmes, such as the Sustainable Cities Programme of Habitat (UNEP) or Healthy Cities Programme of the WHO. The authors indicate that social capital is an element integrating particular parts of the urban system. They also indicate that the development of modern technologies will lead to the formation of a new type of society 4.0., advancing along with the development of industry 4.0 and artificial intelligence. In order to properly use the opportunities related to the development of modern technologies, society should be properly prepared for using their functionalities.