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Principles of VCSEL designing

Nakwaski W.

Opto-Electronics Review

2008

Vol. 16, No. 1

18-26

Comprehensive computer simulations are currently the most efficient and cheap methods in designing and optimisation of semiconductor device structures. Seemingly they should be as exact as possible, but in practice it is well known that the most exact approaches are also the most involved and the most time-consuming ones and need powerful computers. In some cases, cheaper somewhat simplified modelling simulations are sufficiently accurate. Therefore, an appropriate modelling approach should be chosen taking into account a compromise between our needs and our possibilities. Modelling of operation and designing of structures of vertical-cavity surface-emitting diode lasers (VCSELs) requires appropriate mathematical description of physical processes crucial for devices operation, i.e., various optical, electrical, thermal, recombination and sometimes also mechanical phenomena taking place within their volumes. Equally important are mutual interactions between above individual processes, usually strongly non-linear and creating a real network of various inter-relations. Chain is as strong as its weakest link. Analogously, model is as exact as its less exact part. Therefore it is useless to improve exactness of its more accurate parts and not to care about less exact ones. All model parts should exhibit similar accuracy. In any individual case, a reasonable compromise should be reached between high modelling fidelity and its practical convenience depending on a main modelling goal, importance and urgency of expected results, available equipment and also financial possibilities. In the present paper, some simplifications used in VCSEL modelling are discussed and their impact on exactness of VCSEL designing is analysed.

Anticipated performance characteristics of possible InP-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting diode lasers for the third-generation 1.55-µm optical fibre communication systems

Macegoniuk S., Sarzała R. P., Nakwaski W.

Opto-Electronics Review

2004

Vol. 12, No. 4

389-397

Anticipated performance of possible InP-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for the third generation 1.55-um optical-fibre communication has been simulated with the aid of the comprehensive optical-electrical-thermal-gain self-consistent model. While the room-temperature (RT) pulse operation of the above VCSELs has been found to be reached without serious difficulties, their efficient RT continuous-wave operation does not seem to be possible because of inherently insufficient physical properties of the AIIIP phosphides. Therefore, as the final conclusion of this paper, we have to stress that, taking into consideration currently available technology, InP-based VCSELs cannot be recommended as laser sources for future long-wavelength optical-fibre communication systems.