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1

The correct selection of diagnostic parameters of marine diesel engine and their minimization of as a necessary action in the formation of diagnostic algorithm

Witkowski K

Journal of KONES

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2017

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Vol. 24, No. 2

287--292

EN

This article describes the methodology of creating algorithms and diagnostic programs. Still in the construction of such algorithms and diagnostic creating programs mostly is used classical approach, the methodological basis can be reduced to the several basic tasks. One of them is the proper selection and minimization of diagnostic parameters. The article shows the importance of proper selection and minimization of diagnostic parameters on the example of the diagnostics of the injection system of a marine diesel engine. It was indicated to practical usefulness for this purpose calculated the values sensitivity of a given parameter. The stronger the diagnostic parameter responds to a change in the structural parameter, the greater its diagnostic sensitivity is and thus the early development of a given fault can be detected based on deviation analysis of this parameter from its reference value. Based on experimental data, FIS (Fault Isolation System) matrix was built after selecting and minimizing diagnostic parameters. Triple-valued evaluation of residues (–1, 0, +1) was used. The research was carried out on a real object – a four-stroke, mediumspeed marine engine from Sulzer. The impact of selected fault in the injection system on the diagnostic parameters was researched and a FIS (Fault Isolation System) matrix was built on this basis.

2

Problematyka zanieczyszczenia atmosfery przez statki wykorzystywane w transporcie morskim

Witkowski K.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2016

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R. 17, nr 6

468--473

PL

W artykule omówiona została problematyka zanieczyszczenia atmosfery związkami toksycznymi emitowanymi przez statki, głównie przez okrętowe silniki tłokowe, stosowane powszechnie zarówno do napędu głównego statków jak i w elektrowniach statkowych. Zarówno rozwój transportu morskiego jak i troska o środowisko naturalne spowodowały, że w latach 90-tych ubiegłego wieku podjęto w Międzynarodowej Organizacji Morskiej (IMO) prace nad aneksem VI do konwencji MARPOL 73/78. Poprzez stosowanie w praktyce określonych w aneksie norm ograniczenia emisji związków toksycznych, oczekuje się wymiernych korzyści dla środowiska. W artykule na podstawie omówionych wyników badań własnych wskazano, jako jedną z metod ograniczenia emisji do atmosfery związków toksycznych, zasilanie silników okrętowych mieszaninami paliwa ropopochodnego z estrami oleju roślinnego. W badaniach stosowano mieszaninę okrętowego oleju napędowego (MDO) z estrem oleju rzepakowego (RME) w różnych proporcjach.

EN

The paper discusses problems of air pollution by toxic compounds emitted by ships, mainly by marine piston engines, which are commonly used both for main propulsion of ships and in power plants ships. Both, the development of marine transport and care for the environmental caused that in the 90s of the last century in the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has been undertaken work to develop the Annex VI of MARPOL 73/78. Through using in practice, standards reduce emissions of toxic compounds, which it is set out in the Annex, environmental benefits are expected. In the paper, on the basis discussed of own research results, indicated as one way to reduce atmospheric emissions of toxic compounds, combustion in marine diesel engine mixtures of petroleum fuel from vegetable oil esters. In the research mixture of marine diesel oil (MDO) with an of rape-seed oil methyl ester (RME) in different proportioned was used.

3

Discussion and studies of the properties of a cooling water additive preventing erosive wear of cooled surfaces of ship diesel engines

Adamkiewicz A., Valishin A.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2014

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Vol. 16, no. 4

565--570

EN

This paper presents the results of studies on the properties of an additive administered into the liquid cooling a ship diesel engine. The protective action of the liquid relied on the formation of nickel layers on the cooled surfaces – electroless nickel plating of cooling surfaces. The test stand and the program of the experiment have been described. Statistical methods have been used for discussing the results. Regressive correlations of mass decrease of the studied samples, dependent on the conditions and the experiment program, have been obtained. Sample mass decrease was described as a function of the additive concentration, the flow and the temperature of the cooling liquid supplied by the pump. High effectiveness of the studied additive was presented comparing it with the substances widely applied for this purpose such as EKSTROL and NALCOOL-2000 basing on the verifying exemplary results. Validation of the obtained results carried out on real maritime technical facilities has been described.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań własności opracowanego dodatku do cieczy chłodzącej okrętowego silnika spalinowego. Działanie ochronne cieczy oparto na niklowaniu chemicznym – na bezprądowym tworzeniu warstw niklowych na chłodzonych powierzchniach. Opisano stanowisko badawcze oraz program eksperymentu. Do opracowania wyników przeprowadzonego eksperymentu zastosowano metody statystyczne. Otrzymano zależności regresyjne ubytku masy badanych próbek od warunków i programu eksperymentu. Ubytek masy próbek opisano w funkcji stężenia dodatku, strumienia objętości i temperatury cieczy chłodzącej, podawanej przez pompę. Pokazano wysoką skuteczność badanego dodatku w porównaniu ze stosowanymi do tego celu dodatkami EKSTROL i NALCOOL-2000 na przykładzie wyników badań weryfikacyjnych. Opisano walidację wyników przeprowadzoną na rzeczywistych obiektach oceanotechnicznych.

4

Research on influence of condition elements the supercharger system on the parameters of the marine diesel engine

Witkowski K.

Journal of KONES

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2013

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Vol. 20, No. 1

375--380

EN

This paper presents the issues related to the impact of the technical condition elements of the turbocharger system on the parameters of marine diesel engine. Turbocharger system, in addition to the injection system has a significant impact on the quality of the working process, the economics and reliability of the engine. Contamination of elements of the turbocharger system are the most common faults (24.7% of all damage to marine engines). Contamination the following relates to elements: air filters, compressor, air cooler, scavenging system elements and turbine. The detailed data follows that the contamination are usually in: flow channels supercharger – 56%, turbine flow channels – 22%, air cooler – 11%, air filter – 6%, scavenging system elements – 4%, other elements – 1%. The technical condition influence of air filter, compressor and air cooler was analyzed. The analysis was supported by the results of their own research, carried out in the laboratory on the marine diesel engine, four– stroke 3AL25/30 SULZER, supercharged turbocharger VTR160N Brown Boveri. The research was performed in the form of an active experiment to simulate contamination of particular elements of the turbocharging system. Technical condition change of the air filter, the air compressor and the air cooler have been investigated.

5

Research on influence of selected control parameters of the injection system marine diesel engine on its exhaust gas toxicity

Witkowski K.

Journal of KONES

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2012

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Vol. 19, No. 2

551-556

EN

This paper devoted to pollution of the atmosphere due marine diesel engines in operation. In the paper presented are results of the investigations carried out in the Gdynia Maritime Academy laboratory with the use of a ship diesel engine, one-cylinder, two-stroke, crosshead of longitudinal scavenging, which was loaded by means of the water brake. This diesel engine combusting heavy fuel oil IF 40. The test-involved effect of two selected control parameters of fuel injection system ship diesel engine: fuel injection pressure and injection advance angle. Both selected control parameters were changed during the experiment separately, each of them three times. And so: changing the fuel injection pressure - for three selected values: 18, 22 and 26 MPa; changing the fuel injection advance angle - for three selected values: -10 centigrade, -13 centigrade and -16 centigrade before the piston's top dead centre (BTDC). The measurements were performed within the wide range of engine load at the permanent rotational speed of 220 rpm. For each of the above selected values six measurements were performed at the following engine loads: 25%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% nominal loads. Control parameters to change the injection pump and injector engine, during operation of the engine, by means of a supplementary-scaled instrumentation of the injector and injection pump. Owing to this is was not necessary to stop the engine before each successive test cycle. This way of realization of the measurements guaranteed running them in steady conditions. The elimination of influence of possible disturbances witch could arise from multiple starting and stopping the engine improved accuracy and reliability of the obtained results.

6

The NOx emission estimation by the artificial neural network: the results

Kowalski J.

Journal of KONES

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2008

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Vol. 15, No. 4

269-276

EN

The paper presents the preliminary investigations of nitric oxides (NOx) estimation from marine two-stroke engines. The Annex VI to Marpol Convention enforce to ship - owners necessity of periodical direct measurements of the NOx emission from the ship engines. It is very expensive procedure but with a low accuracy. Presented investigations show the possibility of estimation the NOx emission without direct measurements but using the artificial neural network (ANN). The paper presents chosen structures of ANN's usable to NOx emission estimation, the laboratory investigations and effects of estimation NOx emission. The paper reports the effects of investigations during different points of load the engine, with constant and changeable air/fuel equivalence ratio. The detailed results of measurement and calculation of NOx concentration in the exhaust gases of marine two-stroke diesel engine were presented. The results show that the multilayer perception neural network (MLP) is sufficient to NOx emission estimation during onboard exploitation. The MLP network with 15 neurons in the hidden layer has best accuracy for data sets collected during running the engine with speed equal 200 rpm and constant air/fuel equivalence ratio and for both considered speeds of the engine with changeable air/fuel equivalence ratio.

7

The NOx emission estimation by the artificial neural network: the analyze

Kowalski J.

Journal of KONES

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2008

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Vol. 15, No. 2

225-232

EN

The paper presents the preliminary investigations of nitric oxides (NOx) estimation from marine two-stroke engines. The Annex VI to Marpol Convention enforce to ship-owners necessity of periodical direct measurements of the NOx emission from the ship engines. It is very expensive procedure but with a low accuracy. Presented investigations show the possibility of estimation the NOx emission without direct measurements but using the artificial neural network (ANN). The paper presents method of choice the input data influenced on NOx emission and configuration of ANN and effects of calculations. The input data poses 15 parameters of engine working, influencing on NOx emission. The output data, necessary to learning the network, were NOx concentration in engine exhaust gases. We take into account two types of ANN; the 3-layer perceptron (MLP) with number of neurons in the hidden layer from 10 to 20 and the radial basis function neural network (RBF) with number of neurons in the hidden layer from 10 to 80. The input, validation and verification data was obtained from laboratory tests. After procedure of network configuration, the chosen ANN was learned by back propagation method. During this operation the weights of neurons were changed to minimize the root mean square error. We obtained ANN's, which allow us to estimate the NOx emission from laboratory engine with accuracy, comparable with Annex VI regulations.

8

Identification of service failures of cylinder valves of ship piston combustion engines

Korczewski Z.

Polish Maritime Research

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2007

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nr 2

19-26

EN

This paper presents selected diagnostic problems of charge exchange system of ship piston combustion engines. Theoretical background of wear process of cylinder valves was highlighted in the aspect of identification and sources of known and identifiable states of unserviceability. The presented results of endoscopic examinations concern failures of cylinder valves of the engines installed on Polish Navy ships.

9

Badania wpływu zasilania okrętowych silników wysokoprężnych mieszaninami oleju napędowego i estrów oleju rzepakowego na parametry pracy silnika i skład spalin

Witkowski K., Krzyżanowski J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2006

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nr 56

12-26

PL

Artykuł prezentuje badania przeprowadzone na okrętowym silniku o zapłonie samoczynnym zasilanym olejem napędowym, a także mieszaninami oleju napędowego i estrów oleju rzepakowego o różnym składzie procentowym. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono problemy związane z emisją toksycznych składników spalin. Zaprezentowano inicjatywy legislacyjne i metody obniżania toksyczności spalin. Część druga została poświęcona prezentacji wyników badań własnych, ich analizie i wypływającym z niej wnioskom.

EN

The paper presents results of experimental tests were carried out on a ship diesel engine supplied with marine diesel oil and the oil rape, oil methyl esters mixed in different proportions. The first part of this paper presents: problems of emission toxic components exhaust gases, legislative aspects and the methods of reductions toxic components. Results of experimental tests and conclusions are presented at the second part of this paper.

10

Przyczyny pękania wspomaganego przez wodór rozdzielaczy paliwa w silnikach okrętowych

Świeczko-Żurek B., Zieliński A.

Problemy Eksploatacji

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2006

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nr 1

233-239

PL

Wykonano badania skłonności stali 26H2MF i 34HNM do niszczenia środowiskowego przy rozciąganiu próbek ze stałą małą prędkością 10(-6) s(-1), przy obciążeniu stałym dla próbek z karbem oraz przy obciążeniu cyklicznie zmiennym w środowiskach paliwa kotłowego i przepracowanego oleju mineralnego. Obserwowano szybkie pękanie stali w badaniach zmęczeniowych, niewielką utratę plastyczności w próbach statycznego rozciągania oraz brak efektu w próbie stałego obciążenia.

EN

The susceptibility of the 26H2MF and 34HNM steels to environmental degradation has been investigated at tension at a strain rate 10(-6) s(-1), under constant load on pre-notched specimens, and at fatigue strains in boiler fuel and used mineral oil. The faster cracking of steels in fatigue tests, a small plasticity loss at static tension and no effect at constant load tests have been observed.

11

A simulation model of energy distribution in ship combustion engine

Nguyen H.

Polish Maritime Research

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2005

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nr 1

22-26

EN

In the paper a model of energy flow and distribution in ship diesel engine cylinder was presented. This is a model of discrete parameters, being a continuation of the author s research on simulation of energy processing within ship main propulsion engine [2,3]. The model in question makes it possible to calculate energy flow values delivered and transferred during every working cycle of the engine cylinder. Results of application of the model for 6ZA40S Sulzer engine installed on B672 ship were also attached. The results were compared with results of test-stand measurements of the engine, performed at different load levels.

12

On possible supplying ship diesel engines with alternative fuels (mixtures of diesel oils and vegetable oils or their esters). Preliminary report

Krzyżanowski J., Witkowski K.

Polish Maritime Research

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2004

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nr 4

28-30

EN

The paper presents introduction to the research on possible supplying ship diesel engines with mixtures of diesel oils and vegetable oils or their esters with accounting for ecological aspects, i.e. exhaust gas purity. Characteristics of vegetable oils and their esters are compared with those of diesel oils; some consequenŹces of their application to diesel engines, mainly for their working process and exhaust gas content, are indicated. Also, influence of combusting their mixtures with diesel oils are discussed in the same context. Scope of the planned research project is shortly presented.

13

A simulation model of heat exchange in the ship diesel engine cylinder - environment system

Nguyen H.

Polish Maritime Research

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2002

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Vol. 9, nr 1

9-14

EN

In the paper a model of heat exchange in the diesel engine cylinder - environment system was presented together with its application to 6ZA40S engine. The model, a component of the general model of energy transformation process in the engine, makes it possible to calculate instantaneous values of heat flow through cylinder walls. It can operate in real time mode within the entire range of engine load. The model was verified by comparing the simulation results and data from engine bed test measurements as well as by assessing time course correctness of selected working perameters.

14

A computer calculation method for thermal load control of ship diesel engine combustion chamber

Drozdowski J.

Polish Maritime Research

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2001

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Vol. 8, nr 4

12-14

EN

In the paper strong emphasis is placed on importance of thermal load control of combustion chamber of ship diesel engine in exploitation. To this end a computer software was elaborated suitable for determination of thermal load index values when the basic, easy measurable, operational parameters of the engine are known. Example results of application of the software are attached.